mirror of
https://github.com/Llewellynvdm/exa.git
synced 2024-09-29 05:39:00 +00:00
6b309d5cfc
This changes the SizeFormat option parser from its old, strict-by-default behaviour (where passing both --bytes and --binary would be an error) to the new, use-the-last-argument behaviour (where passing --bytes --binary would use --binary because it came later). Doing this meant adding functionality to Matches so that it could return *which* argument matched. Previously, the order of --bytes and --binary didn’t matter, because they couldn’t both be present, but now it does.
658 lines
26 KiB
Rust
658 lines
26 KiB
Rust
//! A general parser for command-line options.
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//!
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//! exa uses its own hand-rolled parser for command-line options. It supports
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//! the following syntax:
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//!
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//! - Long options: `--inode`, `--grid`
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//! - Long options with values: `--sort size`, `--level=4`
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//! - Short options: `-i`, `-G`
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//! - Short options with values: `-ssize`, `-L=4`
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//!
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//! These values can be mixed and matched: `exa -lssize --grid`. If you’ve used
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//! other command-line programs, then hopefully it’ll work much like them.
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//!
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//! Because exa already has its own files for the help text, shell completions,
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//! man page, and readme, so it can get away with having the options parser do
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//! very little: all it really needs to do is parse a slice of strings.
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//!
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//!
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//! ## UTF-8 and `OsStr`
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//!
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//! The parser uses `OsStr` as its string type. This is necessary for exa to
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//! list files that have invalid UTF-8 in their names: by treating file paths
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//! as bytes with no encoding, a file can be specified on the command-line and
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//! be looked up without having to be encoded into a `str` first.
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//!
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//! It also avoids the overhead of checking for invalid UTF-8 when parsing
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//! command-line options, as all the options and their values (such as
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//! `--sort size`) are guaranteed to just be 8-bit ASCII.
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use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
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use std::fmt;
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use options::Misfire;
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/// A **short argument** is a single ASCII character.
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pub type ShortArg = u8;
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/// A **long argument** is a string. This can be a UTF-8 string, even though
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/// the arguments will all be unchecked OsStrings, because we don’t actually
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/// store the user’s input after it’s been matched to a flag, we just store
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/// which flag it was.
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pub type LongArg = &'static str;
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/// A **flag** is either of the two argument types, because they have to
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/// be in the same array together.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Clone)]
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pub enum Flag {
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Short(ShortArg),
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Long(LongArg),
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}
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impl Flag {
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pub fn matches(&self, arg: &Arg) -> bool {
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match *self {
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Flag::Short(short) => arg.short == Some(short),
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Flag::Long(long) => arg.long == long,
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}
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}
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}
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/// Whether redundant arguments should be considered a problem.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug, Copy, Clone)]
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pub enum Strictness {
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/// Throw an error when an argument doesn’t do anything, either because
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/// it requires another argument to be specified, or because two conflict.
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ComplainAboutRedundantArguments,
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/// Search the arguments list back-to-front, giving ones specified later
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/// in the list priority over earlier ones.
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UseLastArguments,
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}
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/// Whether a flag takes a value. This is applicable to both long and short
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/// arguments.
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#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub enum TakesValue {
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/// This flag has to be followed by a value.
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Necessary,
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/// This flag will throw an error if there’s a value after it.
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Forbidden,
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}
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/// An **argument** can be matched by one of the user’s input strings.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub struct Arg {
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/// The short argument that matches it, if any.
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pub short: Option<ShortArg>,
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/// The long argument that matches it. This is non-optional; all flags
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/// should at least have a descriptive long name.
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pub long: LongArg,
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/// Whether this flag takes a value or not.
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pub takes_value: TakesValue,
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}
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impl fmt::Display for Arg {
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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
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write!(f, "--{}", self.long)?;
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if let Some(short) = self.short {
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write!(f, " (-{})", short as char)?;
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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}
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/// Literally just several args.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub struct Args(pub &'static [&'static Arg]);
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impl Args {
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/// Iterates over the given list of command-line arguments and parses
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/// them into a list of matched flags and free strings.
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pub fn parse<'args, I>(&self, inputs: I, strictness: Strictness) -> Result<Matches<'args>, ParseError>
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where I: IntoIterator<Item=&'args OsString> {
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use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
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use self::TakesValue::*;
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let mut parsing = true;
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// The results that get built up.
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let mut result_flags = Vec::new();
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let mut frees: Vec<&OsStr> = Vec::new();
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// Iterate over the inputs with “while let” because we need to advance
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// the iterator manually whenever an argument that takes a value
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// doesn’t have one in its string so it needs the next one.
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let mut inputs = inputs.into_iter();
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while let Some(arg) = inputs.next() {
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let bytes = arg.as_bytes();
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// Stop parsing if one of the arguments is the literal string “--”.
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// This allows a file named “--arg” to be specified by passing in
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// the pair “-- --arg”, without it getting matched as a flag that
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// doesn’t exist.
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if !parsing {
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frees.push(arg)
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}
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else if arg == "--" {
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parsing = false;
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}
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// If the string starts with *two* dashes then it’s a long argument.
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else if bytes.starts_with(b"--") {
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let long_arg_name = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes[2..]);
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// If there’s an equals in it, then the string before the
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// equals will be the flag’s name, and the string after it
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// will be its value.
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if let Some((before, after)) = split_on_equals(long_arg_name) {
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let arg = self.lookup_long(before)?;
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let flag = Flag::Long(arg.long);
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match arg.takes_value {
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Necessary => result_flags.push((flag, Some(after))),
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Forbidden => return Err(ParseError::ForbiddenValue { flag })
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}
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}
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// If there’s no equals, then the entire string (apart from
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// the dashes) is the argument name.
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else {
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let arg = self.lookup_long(long_arg_name)?;
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let flag = Flag::Long(arg.long);
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match arg.takes_value {
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Forbidden => result_flags.push((flag, None)),
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Necessary => {
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if let Some(next_arg) = inputs.next() {
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result_flags.push((flag, Some(next_arg)));
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}
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else {
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return Err(ParseError::NeedsValue { flag })
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// If the string starts with *one* dash then it’s one or more
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// short arguments.
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else if bytes.starts_with(b"-") && arg != "-" {
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let short_arg = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes[1..]);
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// If there’s an equals in it, then the argument immediately
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// before the equals was the one that has the value, with the
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// others (if any) as value-less short ones.
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//
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// -x=abc => ‘x=abc’
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// -abcdx=fgh => ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘x=fgh’
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// -x= => error
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// -abcdx= => error
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//
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// There’s no way to give two values in a cluster like this:
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// it's an error if any of the first set of arguments actually
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// takes a value.
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if let Some((before, after)) = split_on_equals(short_arg) {
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let (arg_with_value, other_args) = before.as_bytes().split_last().unwrap();
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// Process the characters immediately following the dash...
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for byte in other_args {
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let arg = self.lookup_short(*byte)?;
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let flag = Flag::Short(*byte);
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match arg.takes_value {
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Forbidden => result_flags.push((flag, None)),
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Necessary => return Err(ParseError::NeedsValue { flag })
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}
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}
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// ...then the last one and the value after the equals.
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let arg = self.lookup_short(*arg_with_value)?;
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let flag = Flag::Short(arg.short.unwrap());
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match arg.takes_value {
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Necessary => result_flags.push((flag, Some(after))),
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Forbidden => return Err(ParseError::ForbiddenValue { flag })
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}
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}
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// If there’s no equals, then every character is parsed as
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// its own short argument. However, if any of the arguments
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// takes a value, then the *rest* of the string is used as
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// its value, and if there's no rest of the string, then it
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// uses the next one in the iterator.
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//
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// -a => ‘a’
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// -abc => ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’
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// -abxdef => ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘x=def’
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// -abx def => ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘x=def’
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// -abx => error
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//
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else {
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for (index, byte) in bytes.into_iter().enumerate().skip(1) {
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let arg = self.lookup_short(*byte)?;
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let flag = Flag::Short(*byte);
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match arg.takes_value {
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Forbidden => result_flags.push((flag, None)),
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Necessary => {
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if index < bytes.len() - 1 {
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let remnants = &bytes[index+1 ..];
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result_flags.push((flag, Some(OsStr::from_bytes(remnants))));
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break;
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}
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else if let Some(next_arg) = inputs.next() {
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result_flags.push((flag, Some(next_arg)));
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}
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else {
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return Err(ParseError::NeedsValue { flag })
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// Otherwise, it’s a free string, usually a file name.
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else {
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frees.push(arg)
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}
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}
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Ok(Matches { frees, flags: MatchedFlags { flags: result_flags, strictness } })
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}
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fn lookup_short(&self, short: ShortArg) -> Result<&Arg, ParseError> {
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match self.0.into_iter().find(|arg| arg.short == Some(short)) {
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Some(arg) => Ok(arg),
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None => Err(ParseError::UnknownShortArgument { attempt: short })
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}
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}
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fn lookup_long<'b>(&self, long: &'b OsStr) -> Result<&Arg, ParseError> {
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match self.0.into_iter().find(|arg| arg.long == long) {
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Some(arg) => Ok(arg),
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None => Err(ParseError::UnknownArgument { attempt: long.to_os_string() })
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}
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}
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}
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/// The **matches** are the result of parsing the user’s command-line strings.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub struct Matches<'args> {
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/// The flags that were parsed from the user’s input.
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pub flags: MatchedFlags<'args>,
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/// All the strings that weren’t matched as arguments, as well as anything
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/// after the special "--" string.
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pub frees: Vec<&'args OsStr>,
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}
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub struct MatchedFlags<'args> {
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/// The individual flags from the user’s input, in the order they were
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/// originally given.
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///
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/// Long and short arguments need to be kept in the same vector because
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/// we usually want the one nearest the end to count, and to know this,
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/// we need to know where they are in relation to one another.
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flags: Vec<(Flag, Option<&'args OsStr>)>,
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/// Whether to check for duplicate or redundant arguments.
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strictness: Strictness,
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}
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impl<'a> MatchedFlags<'a> {
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/// Whether the given argument was specified.
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/// Returns `true` if it was, `false` if it wasn’t, and an error in
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/// strict mode if it was specified more than once.
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pub fn has(&self, arg: &'static Arg) -> Result<bool, Misfire> {
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self.has_where(|flag| flag.matches(arg)).map(|flag| flag.is_some())
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}
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/// Returns the first found argument that satisfies the predicate, or
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/// nothing if none is found, or an error in strict mode if multiple
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/// argument satisfy the predicate.
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///
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/// You’ll have to test the resulting flag to see which argument it was.
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pub fn has_where<P>(&self, predicate: P) -> Result<Option<&Flag>, Misfire>
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where P: Fn(&Flag) -> bool {
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if self.is_strict() {
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let all = self.flags.iter()
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.filter(|tuple| tuple.1.is_none() && predicate(&tuple.0))
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.collect::<Vec<_>>();
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if all.len() < 2 { Ok(all.first().map(|t| &t.0)) }
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else { Err(Misfire::Duplicate(all[0].0.clone(), all[1].0.clone())) }
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}
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else {
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let any = self.flags.iter().rev()
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.find(|tuple| tuple.1.is_none() && predicate(&tuple.0))
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.map(|tuple| &tuple.0);
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Ok(any)
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}
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}
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// This code could probably be better.
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// Both ‘has’ and ‘get’ immediately begin with a conditional, which makes
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// me think the functionality could be moved to inside Strictness.
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/// Returns the value of the given argument if it was specified, nothing
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/// if it wasn’t, and an error in strict mode if it was specified more
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/// than once.
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pub fn get(&self, arg: &'static Arg) -> Result<Option<&OsStr>, Misfire> {
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self.get_where(|flag| flag.matches(arg))
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}
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/// Returns the value of the argument that matches the predicate if it
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/// was specified, nothing if it wasn't, and an error in strict mode if
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/// multiple arguments matched the predicate.
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///
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/// It’s not possible to tell which flag the value belonged to from this.
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pub fn get_where<P>(&self, predicate: P) -> Result<Option<&OsStr>, Misfire>
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where P: Fn(&Flag) -> bool {
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if self.is_strict() {
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let those = self.flags.iter()
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.filter(|tuple| tuple.1.is_some() && predicate(&tuple.0))
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.collect::<Vec<_>>();
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if those.len() < 2 { Ok(those.first().cloned().map(|t| t.1.unwrap())) }
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else { Err(Misfire::Duplicate(those[0].0.clone(), those[1].0.clone())) }
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}
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else {
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let found = self.flags.iter().rev()
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.find(|tuple| tuple.1.is_some() && predicate(&tuple.0))
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.map(|tuple| tuple.1.unwrap());
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Ok(found)
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}
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}
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// It’s annoying that ‘has’ and ‘get’ won’t work when accidentally given
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// flags that do/don’t take values, but this should be caught by tests.
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/// Counts the number of occurrences of the given argument, even in
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/// strict mode.
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pub fn count(&self, arg: &Arg) -> usize {
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self.flags.iter()
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.filter(|tuple| tuple.0.matches(arg))
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.count()
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}
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/// Checks whether strict mode is on. This is usually done from within
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/// ‘has’ and ‘get’, but it’s available in an emergency.
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pub fn is_strict(&self) -> bool {
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self.strictness == Strictness::ComplainAboutRedundantArguments
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}
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}
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/// A problem with the user's input that meant it couldn't be parsed into a
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/// coherent list of arguments.
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#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
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pub enum ParseError {
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/// A flag that has to take a value was not given one.
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NeedsValue { flag: Flag },
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/// A flag that can't take a value *was* given one.
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ForbiddenValue { flag: Flag },
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/// A short argument, either alone or in a cluster, was not
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/// recognised by the program.
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UnknownShortArgument { attempt: ShortArg },
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/// A long argument was not recognised by the program.
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/// We don’t have a known &str version of the flag, so
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/// this may not be valid UTF-8.
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UnknownArgument { attempt: OsString },
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}
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// It’s technically possible for ParseError::UnknownArgument to borrow its
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// OsStr rather than owning it, but that would give ParseError a lifetime,
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// which would give Misfire a lifetime, which gets used everywhere. And this
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// only happens when an error occurs, so it’s not really worth it.
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/// Splits a string on its `=` character, returning the two substrings on
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/// either side. Returns `None` if there’s no equals or a string is missing.
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fn split_on_equals(input: &OsStr) -> Option<(&OsStr, &OsStr)> {
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use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
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if let Some(index) = input.as_bytes().iter().position(|elem| *elem == b'=') {
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let (before, after) = input.as_bytes().split_at(index);
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// The after string contains the = that we need to remove.
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if before.len() >= 1 && after.len() >= 2 {
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return Some((OsStr::from_bytes(before),
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OsStr::from_bytes(&after[1..])))
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}
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}
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None
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}
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/// Creates an `OSString` (used in tests)
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#[cfg(test)]
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fn os(input: &'static str) -> OsString {
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let mut os = OsString::new();
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os.push(input);
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os
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod split_test {
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use super::{split_on_equals, os};
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macro_rules! test_split {
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($name:ident: $input:expr => None) => {
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#[test]
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fn $name() {
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assert_eq!(split_on_equals(&os($input)),
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None);
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}
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};
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($name:ident: $input:expr => $before:expr, $after:expr) => {
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#[test]
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fn $name() {
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assert_eq!(split_on_equals(&os($input)),
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Some((&*os($before), &*os($after))));
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}
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};
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}
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test_split!(empty: "" => None);
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test_split!(letter: "a" => None);
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test_split!(just: "=" => None);
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test_split!(intro: "=bbb" => None);
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test_split!(denou: "aaa=" => None);
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test_split!(equals: "aaa=bbb" => "aaa", "bbb");
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test_split!(sort: "--sort=size" => "--sort", "size");
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test_split!(more: "this=that=other" => "this", "that=other");
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod parse_test {
|
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use super::*;
|
||
|
||
pub fn os(input: &'static str) -> OsString {
|
||
let mut os = OsString::new();
|
||
os.push(input);
|
||
os
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
macro_rules! test {
|
||
($name:ident: $inputs:expr => frees: $frees:expr, flags: $flags:expr) => {
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn $name() {
|
||
|
||
// Annoyingly the input &strs need to be converted to OsStrings
|
||
let inputs: Vec<OsString> = $inputs.as_ref().into_iter().map(|&o| os(o)).collect();
|
||
|
||
// Same with the frees
|
||
let frees: Vec<OsString> = $frees.as_ref().into_iter().map(|&o| os(o)).collect();
|
||
let frees: Vec<&OsStr> = frees.iter().map(|os| os.as_os_str()).collect();
|
||
|
||
let flags = <[_]>::into_vec(Box::new($flags));
|
||
|
||
let strictness = Strictness::UseLastArguments; // this isn’t even used
|
||
let got = Args(TEST_ARGS).parse(inputs.iter(), strictness);
|
||
let expected = Ok(Matches { frees, flags: MatchedFlags { flags, strictness } });
|
||
assert_eq!(got, expected);
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
($name:ident: $inputs:expr => error $error:expr) => {
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn $name() {
|
||
use self::ParseError::*;
|
||
|
||
let strictness = Strictness::UseLastArguments; // this isn’t even used
|
||
let bits = $inputs.as_ref().into_iter().map(|&o| os(o)).collect::<Vec<OsString>>();
|
||
let got = Args(TEST_ARGS).parse(bits.iter(), strictness);
|
||
|
||
assert_eq!(got, Err($error));
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
static TEST_ARGS: &[&Arg] = &[
|
||
&Arg { short: Some(b'l'), long: "long", takes_value: TakesValue::Forbidden },
|
||
&Arg { short: Some(b'v'), long: "verbose", takes_value: TakesValue::Forbidden },
|
||
&Arg { short: Some(b'c'), long: "count", takes_value: TakesValue::Necessary }
|
||
];
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Just filenames
|
||
test!(empty: [] => frees: [], flags: []);
|
||
test!(one_arg: ["exa"] => frees: [ "exa" ], flags: []);
|
||
|
||
// Dashes and double dashes
|
||
test!(one_dash: ["-"] => frees: [ "-" ], flags: []);
|
||
test!(two_dashes: ["--"] => frees: [], flags: []);
|
||
test!(two_file: ["--", "file"] => frees: [ "file" ], flags: []);
|
||
test!(two_arg_l: ["--", "--long"] => frees: [ "--long" ], flags: []);
|
||
test!(two_arg_s: ["--", "-l"] => frees: [ "-l" ], flags: []);
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Long args
|
||
test!(long: ["--long"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Long("long"), None) ]);
|
||
test!(long_then: ["--long", "4"] => frees: [ "4" ], flags: [ (Flag::Long("long"), None) ]);
|
||
test!(long_two: ["--long", "--verbose"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Long("long"), None), (Flag::Long("verbose"), None) ]);
|
||
|
||
// Long args with values
|
||
test!(bad_equals: ["--long=equals"] => error ForbiddenValue { flag: Flag::Long("long") });
|
||
test!(no_arg: ["--count"] => error NeedsValue { flag: Flag::Long("count") });
|
||
test!(arg_equals: ["--count=4"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Long("count"), Some(OsStr::new("4"))) ]);
|
||
test!(arg_then: ["--count", "4"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Long("count"), Some(OsStr::new("4"))) ]);
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Short args
|
||
test!(short: ["-l"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Short(b'l'), None) ]);
|
||
test!(short_then: ["-l", "4"] => frees: [ "4" ], flags: [ (Flag::Short(b'l'), None) ]);
|
||
test!(short_two: ["-lv"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Short(b'l'), None), (Flag::Short(b'v'), None) ]);
|
||
test!(mixed: ["-v", "--long"] => frees: [], flags: [ (Flag::Short(b'v'), None), (Flag::Long("long"), None) ]);
|
||
|
||
// Short args with values
|
||
test!(bad_short: ["-l=equals"] => error ForbiddenValue { flag: Flag::Short(b'l') });
|
||
test!(short_none: ["-c"] => error NeedsValue { flag: Flag::Short(b'c') });
|
||
test!(short_arg_eq: ["-c=4"] => frees: [], flags: [(Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(OsStr::new("4"))) ]);
|
||
test!(short_arg_then: ["-c", "4"] => frees: [], flags: [(Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(OsStr::new("4"))) ]);
|
||
test!(short_two_together: ["-lctwo"] => frees: [], flags: [(Flag::Short(b'l'), None), (Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(OsStr::new("two"))) ]);
|
||
test!(short_two_equals: ["-lc=two"] => frees: [], flags: [(Flag::Short(b'l'), None), (Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(OsStr::new("two"))) ]);
|
||
test!(short_two_next: ["-lc", "two"] => frees: [], flags: [(Flag::Short(b'l'), None), (Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(OsStr::new("two"))) ]);
|
||
|
||
|
||
// Unknown args
|
||
test!(unknown_long: ["--quiet"] => error UnknownArgument { attempt: os("quiet") });
|
||
test!(unknown_long_eq: ["--quiet=shhh"] => error UnknownArgument { attempt: os("quiet") });
|
||
test!(unknown_short: ["-q"] => error UnknownShortArgument { attempt: b'q' });
|
||
test!(unknown_short_2nd: ["-lq"] => error UnknownShortArgument { attempt: b'q' });
|
||
test!(unknown_short_eq: ["-q=shhh"] => error UnknownShortArgument { attempt: b'q' });
|
||
test!(unknown_short_2nd_eq: ["-lq=shhh"] => error UnknownShortArgument { attempt: b'q' });
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
#[cfg(test)]
|
||
mod matches_test {
|
||
use super::*;
|
||
|
||
macro_rules! test {
|
||
($name:ident: $input:expr, has $param:expr => $result:expr) => {
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn $name() {
|
||
let flags = MatchedFlags {
|
||
flags: $input.to_vec(),
|
||
strictness: Strictness::UseLastArguments,
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
assert_eq!(flags.has(&$param), Ok($result));
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
static VERBOSE: Arg = Arg { short: Some(b'v'), long: "verbose", takes_value: TakesValue::Forbidden };
|
||
static COUNT: Arg = Arg { short: Some(b'c'), long: "count", takes_value: TakesValue::Necessary };
|
||
|
||
|
||
test!(short_never: [], has VERBOSE => false);
|
||
test!(short_once: [(Flag::Short(b'v'), None)], has VERBOSE => true);
|
||
test!(short_twice: [(Flag::Short(b'v'), None), (Flag::Short(b'v'), None)], has VERBOSE => true);
|
||
test!(long_once: [(Flag::Long("verbose"), None)], has VERBOSE => true);
|
||
test!(long_twice: [(Flag::Long("verbose"), None), (Flag::Long("verbose"), None)], has VERBOSE => true);
|
||
test!(long_mixed: [(Flag::Long("verbose"), None), (Flag::Short(b'v'), None)], has VERBOSE => true);
|
||
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn only_count() {
|
||
let everything = os("everything");
|
||
|
||
let flags = MatchedFlags {
|
||
flags: vec![ (Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(&*everything)) ],
|
||
strictness: Strictness::UseLastArguments,
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
assert_eq!(flags.get(&COUNT), Ok(Some(&*everything)));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn rightmost_count() {
|
||
let everything = os("everything");
|
||
let nothing = os("nothing");
|
||
|
||
let flags = MatchedFlags {
|
||
flags: vec![ (Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(&*everything)),
|
||
(Flag::Short(b'c'), Some(&*nothing)) ],
|
||
strictness: Strictness::UseLastArguments,
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
assert_eq!(flags.get(&COUNT), Ok(Some(&*nothing)));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#[test]
|
||
fn no_count() {
|
||
let flags = MatchedFlags { flags: Vec::new(), strictness: Strictness::UseLastArguments };
|
||
|
||
assert!(!flags.has(&COUNT).unwrap());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|