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610 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
610 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
Advanced fzf examples
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======================
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*(Last update: 2022/08/25)*
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<!-- vim-markdown-toc GFM -->
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* [Introduction](#introduction)
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* [Screen Layout](#screen-layout)
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* [`--height`](#--height)
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* [`fzf-tmux`](#fzf-tmux)
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* [Popup window support](#popup-window-support)
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* [Dynamic reloading of the list](#dynamic-reloading-of-the-list)
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* [Updating the list of processes by pressing CTRL-R](#updating-the-list-of-processes-by-pressing-ctrl-r)
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* [Toggling between data sources](#toggling-between-data-sources)
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* [Ripgrep integration](#ripgrep-integration)
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* [Using fzf as the secondary filter](#using-fzf-as-the-secondary-filter)
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* [Using fzf as interactive Ripgrep launcher](#using-fzf-as-interactive-ripgrep-launcher)
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* [Switching to fzf-only search mode](#switching-to-fzf-only-search-mode)
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* [Switching between Ripgrep mode and fzf mode](#switching-between-ripgrep-mode-and-fzf-mode)
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* [Log tailing](#log-tailing)
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* [Key bindings for git objects](#key-bindings-for-git-objects)
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* [Files listed in `git status`](#files-listed-in-git-status)
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* [Branches](#branches)
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* [Commit hashes](#commit-hashes)
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* [Color themes](#color-themes)
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* [Generating fzf color theme from Vim color schemes](#generating-fzf-color-theme-from-vim-color-schemes)
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<!-- vim-markdown-toc -->
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Introduction
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------------
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fzf is an interactive [Unix filter][filter] program that is designed to be
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used with other Unix tools. It reads a list of items from the standard input,
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allows you to select a subset of the items, and prints the selected ones to
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the standard output. You can think of it as an interactive version of *grep*,
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and it's already useful even if you don't know any of its options.
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```sh
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# 1. ps: Feed the list of processes to fzf
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# 2. fzf: Interactively select a process using fuzzy matching algorithm
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# 3. awk: Take the PID from the selected line
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# 3. kill: Kill the process with the PID
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ps -ef | fzf | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
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```
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[filter]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(software)
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While the above example succinctly summarizes the fundamental concept of fzf,
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you can build much more sophisticated interactive workflows using fzf once you
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learn its wide variety of features.
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- To see the full list of options and features, see `man fzf`
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- To see the latest additions, see [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md)
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This document will guide you through some examples that will familiarize you
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with the advanced features of fzf.
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Screen Layout
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-------------
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### `--height`
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fzf by default opens in fullscreen mode, but it's not always desirable.
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Oftentimes, you want to see the current context of the terminal while using
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fzf. `--height` is an option for opening fzf below the cursor in
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non-fullscreen mode so you can still see the previous commands and their
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results above it.
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```sh
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fzf --height=40%
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```
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You might also want to experiment with other layout options such as
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`--layout=reverse`, `--info=inline`, `--border`, `--margin`, etc.
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```sh
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fzf --height=40% --layout=reverse
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fzf --height=40% --layout=reverse --info=inline
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fzf --height=40% --layout=reverse --info=inline --border
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fzf --height=40% --layout=reverse --info=inline --border --margin=1
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fzf --height=40% --layout=reverse --info=inline --border --margin=1 --padding=1
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```
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*(See `Layout` section of the man page to see the full list of options)*
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But you definitely don't want to repeat `--height=40% --layout=reverse
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--info=inline --border --margin=1 --padding=1` every time you use fzf. You
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could write a wrapper script or shell alias, but there is an easier option.
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Define `$FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS` like so:
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```sh
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export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS="--height=40% --layout=reverse --info=inline --border --margin=1 --padding=1"
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```
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### `fzf-tmux`
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Before fzf had `--height` option, we would open fzf in a tmux split pane not
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to take up the whole screen. This is done using `fzf-tmux` script.
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```sh
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# Open fzf on a tmux split pane below the current pane.
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# Takes the same set of options.
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fzf-tmux --layout=reverse
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```
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The limitation of `fzf-tmux` is that it only works when you're on tmux unlike
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`--height` option. But the advantage of it is that it's more flexible.
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(See `man fzf-tmux` for available options.)
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```sh
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# On the right (50%)
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fzf-tmux -r
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# On the left (30%)
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fzf-tmux -l30%
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# Above the cursor
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fzf-tmux -u30%
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```
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#### Popup window support
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But here's the really cool part; tmux 3.2 added support for popup windows. So
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you can open fzf in a popup window, which is quite useful if you frequently
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use split panes.
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```sh
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# Open tmux in a tmux popup window (default size: 50% of the screen)
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fzf-tmux -p
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# 80% width, 60% height
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fzf-tmux -p 80%,60%
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```
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> You might also want to check out my tmux plugins which support this popup
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> window layout.
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>
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> - https://github.com/junegunn/tmux-fzf-url
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> - https://github.com/junegunn/tmux-fzf-maccy
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Dynamic reloading of the list
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-----------------------------
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fzf can dynamically update the candidate list using an arbitrary program with
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`reload` bindings (The design document for `reload` can be found
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[here][reload]).
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[reload]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf/issues/1750
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### Updating the list of processes by pressing CTRL-R
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This example shows how you can set up a binding for dynamically updating the
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list without restarting fzf.
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```sh
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(date; ps -ef) |
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fzf --bind='ctrl-r:reload(date; ps -ef)' \
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--header=$'Press CTRL-R to reload\n\n' --header-lines=2 \
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--preview='echo {}' --preview-window=down,3,wrap \
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--layout=reverse --height=80% | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
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```
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- The initial command is `(date; ps -ef)`. It prints the current date and
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time, and the list of the processes.
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- With `--header` option, you can show any message as the fixed header.
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- To disallow selecting the first two lines (`date` and `ps` header), we use
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`--header-lines=2` option.
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- `--bind='ctrl-r:reload(date; ps -ef)'` binds CTRL-R to `reload` action that
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runs `date; ps -ef`, so we can update the list of the processes by pressing
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CTRL-R.
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- We use simple `echo {}` preview option, so we can see the entire line on the
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preview window below even if it's too long
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### Toggling between data sources
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You're not limited to just one reload binding. Set up multiple bindings so
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you can switch between data sources.
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```sh
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find * | fzf --prompt 'All> ' \
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--header 'CTRL-D: Directories / CTRL-F: Files' \
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--bind 'ctrl-d:change-prompt(Directories> )+reload(find * -type d)' \
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--bind 'ctrl-f:change-prompt(Files> )+reload(find * -type f)'
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```
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Ripgrep integration
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-------------------
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### Using fzf as the secondary filter
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* Requires [bat][bat]
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* Requires [Ripgrep][rg]
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[bat]: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat
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[rg]: https://github.com/BurntSushi/ripgrep
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fzf is pretty fast for filtering a list that you will rarely have to think
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about its performance. But it is not the right tool for searching for text
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inside many large files, and in that case you should definitely use something
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like [Ripgrep][rg].
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In the next example, Ripgrep is the primary filter that searches for the given
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text in files, and fzf is used as the secondary fuzzy filter that adds
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interactivity to the workflow. And we use [bat][bat] to show the matching line in
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the preview window.
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This is a bash script and it will not run as expected on other non-compliant
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shells. To avoid the compatibility issue, let's save this snippet as a script
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file called `rfv`.
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```bash
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# 1. Search for text in files using Ripgrep
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# 2. Interactively narrow down the list using fzf
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# 3. Open the file in Vim
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IFS=: read -ra selected < <(
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rg --color=always --line-number --no-heading --smart-case "${*:-}" |
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fzf --ansi \
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--color "hl:-1:underline,hl+:-1:underline:reverse" \
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--delimiter : \
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--preview 'bat --color=always {1} --highlight-line {2}' \
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--preview-window 'up,60%,border-bottom,+{2}+3/3,~3'
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)
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[ -n "${selected[0]}" ] && vim "${selected[0]}" "+${selected[1]}"
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```
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And run it with an initial query string.
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```sh
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# Make the script executable
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chmod +x rfv
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# Run it with the initial query "algo"
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./rfv algo
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```
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> Ripgrep will perform the initial search and list all the lines that contain
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`algo`. Then we further narrow down the list on fzf.
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I know it's a lot to digest, let's try to break down the code.
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- Ripgrep prints the matching lines in the following format
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```
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man/man1/fzf.1:54:.BI "--algo=" TYPE
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man/man1/fzf.1:55:Fuzzy matching algorithm (default: v2)
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man/man1/fzf.1:58:.BR v2 " Optimal scoring algorithm (quality)"
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src/pattern_test.go:7: "github.com/junegunn/fzf/src/algo"
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```
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The first token delimited by `:` is the file path, and the second token is
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the line number of the matching line. They respectively correspond to `{1}`
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and `{2}` in the preview command.
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- `--preview 'bat --color=always {1} --highlight-line {2}'`
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- As we run `rg` with `--color=always` option, we should tell fzf to parse
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ANSI color codes in the input by setting `--ansi`.
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- We customize how fzf colors various text elements using `--color` option.
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`-1` tells fzf to keep the original color from the input. See `man fzf` for
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available color options.
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- The value of `--preview-window` option consists of 5 components delimited
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by `,`
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1. `up` — Position of the preview window
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1. `60%` — Size of the preview window
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1. `border-bottom` — Preview window border only on the bottom side
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1. `+{2}+3/3` — Scroll offset of the preview contents
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1. `~3` — Fixed header
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- Let's break down the latter two. We want to display the bat output in the
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preview window with a certain scroll offset so that the matching line is
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positioned near the center of the preview window.
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- `+{2}` — The base offset is extracted from the second token
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- `+3` — We add 3 lines to the base offset to compensate for the header
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part of `bat` output
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- ```
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───────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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│ File: CHANGELOG.md
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───────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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1 │ CHANGELOG
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2 │ =========
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3 │
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4 │ 0.26.0
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5 │ ------
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```
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- `/3` adjusts the offset so that the matching line is shown at a third
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position in the window
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- `~3` makes the top three lines fixed header so that they are always
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visible regardless of the scroll offset
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- Once we selected a line, we open the file with `vim` (`vim
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"${selected[0]}"`) and move the cursor to the line (`+${selected[1]}`).
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### Using fzf as interactive Ripgrep launcher
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We have learned that we can bind `reload` action to a key (e.g.
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`--bind=ctrl-r:execute(ps -ef)`). In the next example, we are going to **bind
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`reload` action to `change` event** so that whenever the user *changes* the
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query string on fzf, `reload` action is triggered.
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Here is a variation of the above `rfv` script. fzf will restart Ripgrep every
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time the user updates the query string on fzf. Searching and filtering is
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completely done by Ripgrep, and fzf merely provides the interactive interface.
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So we lose the "fuzziness", but the performance will be better on larger
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projects, and it will free up memory as you narrow down the results.
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```bash
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# 1. Search for text in files using Ripgrep
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# 2. Interactively restart Ripgrep with reload action
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# 3. Open the file in Vim
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RG_PREFIX="rg --column --line-number --no-heading --color=always --smart-case "
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INITIAL_QUERY="${*:-}"
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IFS=: read -ra selected < <(
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FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND="$RG_PREFIX $(printf %q "$INITIAL_QUERY")" \
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fzf --ansi \
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--disabled --query "$INITIAL_QUERY" \
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--bind "change:reload:sleep 0.1; $RG_PREFIX {q} || true" \
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--delimiter : \
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--preview 'bat --color=always {1} --highlight-line {2}' \
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--preview-window 'up,60%,border-bottom,+{2}+3/3,~3'
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)
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[ -n "${selected[0]}" ] && vim "${selected[0]}" "+${selected[1]}"
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```
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- Instead of starting fzf in `rg ... | fzf` form, we start fzf without an
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explicit input, but with a custom `FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND` variable. This way
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fzf can kill the initial Ripgrep process it starts with the initial query.
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Otherwise, the initial Ripgrep process will keep consuming system resources
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even after `reload` is triggered.
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- Filtering is no longer a responsibility of fzf; hence `--disabled`
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- `{q}` in the reload command evaluates to the query string on fzf prompt.
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- `sleep 0.1` in the reload command is for "debouncing". This small delay will
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reduce the number of intermediate Ripgrep processes while we're typing in
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a query.
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### Switching to fzf-only search mode
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*(Requires fzf 0.27.1 or above)*
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In the previous example, we lost fuzzy matching capability as we completely
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delegated search functionality to Ripgrep. But we can dynamically switch to
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fzf-only search mode by *"unbinding"* `reload` action from `change` event.
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```sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# Two-phase filtering with Ripgrep and fzf
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#
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# 1. Search for text in files using Ripgrep
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# 2. Interactively restart Ripgrep with reload action
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# * Press alt-enter to switch to fzf-only filtering
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# 3. Open the file in Vim
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RG_PREFIX="rg --column --line-number --no-heading --color=always --smart-case "
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INITIAL_QUERY="${*:-}"
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IFS=: read -ra selected < <(
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FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND="$RG_PREFIX $(printf %q "$INITIAL_QUERY")" \
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fzf --ansi \
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--color "hl:-1:underline,hl+:-1:underline:reverse" \
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--disabled --query "$INITIAL_QUERY" \
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--bind "change:reload:sleep 0.1; $RG_PREFIX {q} || true" \
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--bind "alt-enter:unbind(change,alt-enter)+change-prompt(2. fzf> )+enable-search+clear-query" \
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--prompt '1. ripgrep> ' \
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--delimiter : \
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--preview 'bat --color=always {1} --highlight-line {2}' \
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--preview-window 'up,60%,border-bottom,+{2}+3/3,~3'
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)
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[ -n "${selected[0]}" ] && vim "${selected[0]}" "+${selected[1]}"
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```
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* Phase 1. Filtering with Ripgrep
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* Phase 2. Filtering with fzf
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- We added `--prompt` option to show that fzf is initially running in "Ripgrep
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launcher mode".
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- We added `alt-enter` binding that
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1. unbinds `change` event, so Ripgrep is no longer restarted on key press
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2. changes the prompt to `2. fzf>`
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3. enables search functionality of fzf
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4. clears the current query string that was used to start Ripgrep process
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5. and unbinds `alt-enter` itself as this is a one-off event
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- We reverted `--color` option for customizing how the matching chunks are
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displayed in the second phase
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### Switching between Ripgrep mode and fzf mode
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*(Requires fzf 0.30.0 or above)*
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fzf 0.30.0 added `rebind` action so we can "rebind" the bindings that were
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previously "unbound" via `unbind`.
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This is an improved version of the previous example that allows us to switch
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between Ripgrep launcher mode and fzf-only filtering mode via CTRL-R and
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CTRL-F.
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```sh
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# Switch between Ripgrep launcher mode (CTRL-R) and fzf filtering mode (CTRL-F)
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RG_PREFIX="rg --column --line-number --no-heading --color=always --smart-case "
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INITIAL_QUERY="${*:-}"
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IFS=: read -ra selected < <(
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FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND="$RG_PREFIX $(printf %q "$INITIAL_QUERY")" \
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fzf --ansi \
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--color "hl:-1:underline,hl+:-1:underline:reverse" \
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--disabled --query "$INITIAL_QUERY" \
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--bind "change:reload:sleep 0.1; $RG_PREFIX {q} || true" \
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--bind "ctrl-f:unbind(change,ctrl-f)+change-prompt(2. fzf> )+enable-search+clear-query+rebind(ctrl-r)" \
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--bind "ctrl-r:unbind(ctrl-r)+change-prompt(1. ripgrep> )+disable-search+reload($RG_PREFIX {q} || true)+rebind(change,ctrl-f)" \
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--prompt '1. Ripgrep> ' \
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--delimiter : \
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--header '╱ CTRL-R (Ripgrep mode) ╱ CTRL-F (fzf mode) ╱' \
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--preview 'bat --color=always {1} --highlight-line {2}' \
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--preview-window 'up,60%,border-bottom,+{2}+3/3,~3'
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)
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[ -n "${selected[0]}" ] && vim "${selected[0]}" "+${selected[1]}"
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```
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Log tailing
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-----------
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fzf can run long-running preview commands and render partial results before
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completion. And when you specify `follow` flag in `--preview-window` option,
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fzf will "`tail -f`" the result, automatically scrolling to the bottom.
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```bash
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# With "follow", preview window will automatically scroll to the bottom.
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# "\033[2J" is an ANSI escape sequence for clearing the screen.
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# When fzf reads this code it clears the previous preview contents.
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fzf --preview-window follow --preview 'for i in $(seq 100000); do
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||
echo "$i"
|
||
sleep 0.01
|
||
(( i % 300 == 0 )) && printf "\033[2J"
|
||
done'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Admittedly, that was a silly example. Here's a practical one for browsing
|
||
Kubernetes pods.
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pods() {
|
||
FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND="kubectl get pods --all-namespaces" \
|
||
fzf --info=inline --layout=reverse --header-lines=1 \
|
||
--prompt "$(kubectl config current-context | sed 's/-context$//')> " \
|
||
--header $'╱ Enter (kubectl exec) ╱ CTRL-O (open log in editor) ╱ CTRL-R (reload) ╱\n\n' \
|
||
--bind 'ctrl-/:change-preview-window(80%,border-bottom|hidden|)' \
|
||
--bind 'enter:execute:kubectl exec -it --namespace {1} {2} -- bash > /dev/tty' \
|
||
--bind 'ctrl-o:execute:${EDITOR:-vim} <(kubectl logs --all-containers --namespace {1} {2}) > /dev/tty' \
|
||
--bind 'ctrl-r:reload:$FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND' \
|
||
--preview-window up:follow \
|
||
--preview 'kubectl logs --follow --all-containers --tail=10000 --namespace {1} {2}' "$@"
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
- The preview window will *"log tail"* the pod
|
||
- Holding on to a large amount of log will consume a lot of memory. So we
|
||
limited the initial log amount with `--tail=10000`.
|
||
- `execute` bindings allow you to run any command without leaving fzf
|
||
- Press enter key on a pod to `kubectl exec` into it
|
||
- Press CTRL-O to open the log in your editor
|
||
- Press CTRL-R to reload the pod list
|
||
- Press CTRL-/ repeatedly to to rotate through a different sets of preview
|
||
window options
|
||
1. `80%,border-bottom`
|
||
1. `hidden`
|
||
1. Empty string after `|` translates to the default options from `--preview-window`
|
||
|
||
Key bindings for git objects
|
||
----------------------------
|
||
|
||
Oftentimes, you want to put the identifiers of various Git object to the
|
||
command-line. For example, it is common to write commands like these:
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
git checkout [SOME_COMMIT_HASH or BRANCH or TAG]
|
||
git diff [SOME_COMMIT_HASH or BRANCH or TAG] [SOME_COMMIT_HASH or BRANCH or TAG]
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
[fzf-git.sh](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf-git.sh) project defines a set of
|
||
fzf-based key bindings for Git objects. I strongly recommend that you check
|
||
them out because they are seriously useful.
|
||
|
||
### Files listed in `git status`
|
||
|
||
<kbd>CTRL-G</kbd><kbd>CTRL-F</kbd>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Branches
|
||
|
||
<kbd>CTRL-G</kbd><kbd>CTRL-B</kbd>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Commit hashes
|
||
|
||
<kbd>CTRL-G</kbd><kbd>CTRL-H</kbd>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
Color themes
|
||
------------
|
||
|
||
You can customize how fzf colors the text elements with `--color` option. Here
|
||
are a few color themes. Note that you need a terminal emulator that can
|
||
display 24-bit colors.
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# junegunn/seoul256.vim (dark)
|
||
export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS='--color=bg+:#3F3F3F,bg:#4B4B4B,border:#6B6B6B,spinner:#98BC99,hl:#719872,fg:#D9D9D9,header:#719872,info:#BDBB72,pointer:#E12672,marker:#E17899,fg+:#D9D9D9,preview-bg:#3F3F3F,prompt:#98BEDE,hl+:#98BC99'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# junegunn/seoul256.vim (light)
|
||
export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS='--color=bg+:#D9D9D9,bg:#E1E1E1,border:#C8C8C8,spinner:#719899,hl:#719872,fg:#616161,header:#719872,info:#727100,pointer:#E12672,marker:#E17899,fg+:#616161,preview-bg:#D9D9D9,prompt:#0099BD,hl+:#719899'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# morhetz/gruvbox
|
||
export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS='--color=bg+:#3c3836,bg:#32302f,spinner:#fb4934,hl:#928374,fg:#ebdbb2,header:#928374,info:#8ec07c,pointer:#fb4934,marker:#fb4934,fg+:#ebdbb2,prompt:#fb4934,hl+:#fb4934'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# arcticicestudio/nord-vim
|
||
export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS='--color=bg+:#3B4252,bg:#2E3440,spinner:#81A1C1,hl:#616E88,fg:#D8DEE9,header:#616E88,info:#81A1C1,pointer:#81A1C1,marker:#81A1C1,fg+:#D8DEE9,prompt:#81A1C1,hl+:#81A1C1'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
```sh
|
||
# tomasr/molokai
|
||
export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS='--color=bg+:#293739,bg:#1B1D1E,border:#808080,spinner:#E6DB74,hl:#7E8E91,fg:#F8F8F2,header:#7E8E91,info:#A6E22E,pointer:#A6E22E,marker:#F92672,fg+:#F8F8F2,prompt:#F92672,hl+:#F92672'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Generating fzf color theme from Vim color schemes
|
||
|
||
The Vim plugin of fzf can generate `--color` option from the current color
|
||
scheme according to `g:fzf_colors` variable. You can find the detailed
|
||
explanation [here](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf/blob/master/README-VIM.md#explanation-of-gfzf_colors).
|
||
|
||
Here is an example. Add this to your Vim configuration file.
|
||
|
||
```vim
|
||
let g:fzf_colors =
|
||
\ { 'fg': ['fg', 'Normal'],
|
||
\ 'bg': ['bg', 'Normal'],
|
||
\ 'preview-bg': ['bg', 'NormalFloat'],
|
||
\ 'hl': ['fg', 'Comment'],
|
||
\ 'fg+': ['fg', 'CursorLine', 'CursorColumn', 'Normal'],
|
||
\ 'bg+': ['bg', 'CursorLine', 'CursorColumn'],
|
||
\ 'hl+': ['fg', 'Statement'],
|
||
\ 'info': ['fg', 'PreProc'],
|
||
\ 'border': ['fg', 'Ignore'],
|
||
\ 'prompt': ['fg', 'Conditional'],
|
||
\ 'pointer': ['fg', 'Exception'],
|
||
\ 'marker': ['fg', 'Keyword'],
|
||
\ 'spinner': ['fg', 'Label'],
|
||
\ 'header': ['fg', 'Comment'] }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Then you can see how the `--color` option is generated by printing the result
|
||
of `fzf#wrap()`.
|
||
|
||
```vim
|
||
:echo fzf#wrap()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Use this command to append `export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS="..."` line to the end of
|
||
the current file.
|
||
|
||
```vim
|
||
:call append('$', printf('export FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS="%s"', matchstr(fzf#wrap().options, "--color[^']*")))
|
||
```
|