diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5a8b6c1..87ba6fe 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Feel free to browse each cheatsheet to learn new things and to keep them at hand * [Django](backend/django.py) #### Javascript - + * [Feathers.js](backend/feathers.js) * [Moleculer](backend/moleculer.js) * [Node.js](backend/node.js) @@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ Feel free to browse each cheatsheet to learn new things and to keep them at hand * [React.js](frontend/react.js) * [Vue.js](frontend/vue.js) +* [Ember.js](frontend/ember.js) diff --git a/frontend/ember.js b/frontend/ember.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0c6da3 --- /dev/null +++ b/frontend/ember.js @@ -0,0 +1,729 @@ +/* + * ----------------------- + * Ember.js Cheatsheet + * ----------------------- + * + * Docs: https://guides.emberjs.com/ + * Quick start: https://guides.emberjs.com/current/getting-started/quick-start/ + * + * Table of contents + * ------------------- + * 01 | Installation + * 02 | Ember CLI + * 03 | Directory layout + * 04 | Routes + * 05 | Templates + * 06 | Components + * 07 | Models + * 08 | Services + * 09 | Testing + * 10 | Addons + * 11 | Configuration + * 12 | Community + * + */ + +/* + * 01 | Installation + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * Getting started with Ember is easy. Ember projects are created + * and managed through our command line build tool Ember CLI. + */ + +``` +npm install -g ember-cli +ember new +ember serve +``` + + + +/* + * 02 | Ember CLI + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * Ember CLI is the Ember.js command line utility that provides a + * fast Broccoli-powered asset pipeline, a strong conventional + * project structure, and a powerful addon system for extension. + * + * Among the principal features of Ember CLI are: + - Project/Addon creation: create new projects quickly without having to worry about project structure; + - Build pipeline: asset compilation, finger-printing and more out of the box; + - Generators: use the built-in generators and get files that follow the latest practices, and matching tests; + - Ember Addons: extend both your application and Ember CLI itself with community solutions. + */ + +Basic commands + +Command | Aliases | Description +-------------------------------------------------- +``` +ember new | | Create new project with the provided name (ex. ember new ) +ember server | ember s | Starts development server (default port is 4200) +ember test | ember t | Run tests in CI mode +ember generate | ember g | Run generator +ember destroy | ember d | Remove code created by generator +ember help | ember h | Get more info on available cli command +ember install | ember i | Install given addon into project and save to package.json +ember | | List available cli commands +``` + +Useful commands +``` +ember s --proxy +ember s --port +``` + + + +/* + * 03 | Directory Layout + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * Layout of the root folder */ + +app/ + ` This is where folders and files for models, components, routes, templates and styles are stored. The majority of your coding on an Ember project happens in this folder. ` +config/ + ` The config directory contains the environment.js where you can configure settings for your app. ` +node_modules/ + ` This directory is from npm. npm is the package manager for Node.js. Ember is built with Node and uses a variety of Node.js modules for operation. The package.json file maintains the list of current npm dependencies for the app. Any Ember CLI addons you install will also show up here. ` +public/ + ` This directory contains assets such as images and fonts. ` +vendor/ + ` This directory is where front-end dependencies (such as JavaScript or CSS) that are not managed by NPM go. ` +tests/testem.js + ` Automated tests for our app go in the tests folder, and Ember CLI's test runner testem is configured in testem.js. ` +ember-cli-build.js + ` This file describes how Ember CLI should build our app. ` +package.json + ` Packages listed in package.json are installed in the node_modules directory. ` + +/* + * Layout of the app directory */ +adapters/ + ` Adapters with the convention adapter-name.js. ` +components/ + ` Components with the convention component-name.js. Components must have a dash in their name. So blog-post is an acceptable name, but post is not. ` +controllers/ + ` Controllers behave like a specialized type of Component that is rendered by the router when entering a Route. ` +helpers/ + ` Helpers with the convention helper-name.js. Helpers must have a dash in their name. Remember that you must register your helpers by exporting makeBoundHelper or calling registerBoundHelper explicitly. ` +models/ + ` Models with the convention model-name.js. ` +routes/ + ` Routes with the convention route-name.js. Child routes are defined in sub-directories, parent/child.js. To provide a custom implementation for generated routes (equivalent to App.Route when using globals), use app/routes/basic.js. ` +styles/ + ` Contains your stylesheets, whether SASS, LESS, Stylus, Compass, or plain CSS (though only one type is allowed, see Asset Compilation). These are all compiled into .css. ` +templates/ + ` Your HTMLBars templates. These are compiled to /dist/assets/.js. The templates are named the same as their filename, minus the extension (i.e. templates/foo/bar.hbs -> foo/bar). ` +serializers/ + ` Serializers for your models or adapter, where model-name.js or adapter-name.js. ` +utils/ + ` Utility modules with the convention utility-name.js. ` +router.js + ` Your route configuration. The routes defined here correspond to routes in app/routes/. ` + + +/* + * 03 | Routes + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * When your application starts, the router matches the current URL to the routes that you've defined. + * The routes, in turn, are responsible for displaying templates, loading data, and setting up application state. + * + * > ember g route + */ + + import Route from '@ember/routing/route'; + + export default Route.extend({ + model() { + // Typically, the model hook should return an Ember Data record, + // but it can also return any promise object (Ember Data records are + // promises), or a plain JavaScript object or array. Ember will wait + // until the data finishes loading (until the promise is resolved) + // before rendering the template. + } + }); + + + +/* + * 04 | Templates + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * Ember uses the Handlebars templating library to power your app's user + * interface. Handlebars templates contain static HTML and dynamic + * content inside Handlebars expressions, which are invoked with + * double curly braces: {{}}. + * + * Templates are backed with a context. A context is an object from + * which Handlebars expressions read their properties. In Ember this + * is often a component. For templates rendered by a route (like application.hbs), + * the context is a controller. + * + * > ember g template + */ + + + // Here's an basic exmpale of a template + ```hbs + Hello, {{firstName}} {{lastName}}! + ``` + + + +/* + * 05 | Components + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * Ember components are used to encapsulate markup and style into + * reusable content. Components consist of two parts: a JavaScript + * component file that defines behavior, and its accompanying Handlebars + * template that defines the markup for the component's UI. + * + * > ember g component + */ + + // app/components/.js + import Component from '@ember/component'; + + export default Component.extend({ + }); + + // app/templates/components/.hbs + ```hbs + {{yield}} + ``` + +/* + * Actions + * + * Provide a means to communicate events and changes + */ + + // app/components/rental-listing.js + import Component from '@ember/component'; + + export default Component.extend({ + + isWide: false, + + actions: { + toggleImageSize() { + this.toggleProperty('isWide'); + } + } + + }); + + // Actions can be attached to DOM elements inside templates using the {{action}} helper + ``` app/templates/components/rental-listing.hbs + + ``` + +/* + * Component lifecycle + * + * As components are rendered, re-rendered and finally removed, Ember provides + * lifecycle hooks that allow you to run code at specific times in a component's life. + */ + +On Initial Render + 1 init + 2 didReceiveAttrs + 3 willRender + 4 didInsertElement // Good place to integrate with 3rd party libraries + 5 didRender + +On Re-Render + 1 didUpdateAttrs + 2 didReceiveAttrs + 3 willUpdate + 4 willRender + 5 didUpdate + 6 didRender + +On Component Destroy + 1 willDestroyElement + 2 willClearRender + 2 didDestroyElement + + +/* + * Block params + * + * Components can have properties passed in, but they can also return + * output to be used in a block expression. + */ + + // Here an entire blog post model is being passed to the component as a + // single component property. In turn the component is returning values using yield. + + ``` app/templates/index.hbs + {{blog-post post=model}} + ``` + + ``` app/templates/components/blog-post.hbs + {{yield post.title post.body post.author}} + ``` + + // The block expression can then use block params to bind names to any yielded + // values for use in the block. This allows for template customization when using + // a component, where the markup is provided by the consuming template, but any + // event handling behavior implemented in the component is retained such as click() handlers. + + ``` app/templates/index.hbs + {{#blog-post post=model as |title body author|}} +

{{title}}

+

by {{author}}

+

{{body}}

+ {{/blog-post}} + ``` + // The names are bound in the order that they are passed to yield in the component template. + + + +/* + * 06 | Models + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * Models are objects that represent the underlying data that your application + * presents to the user. Different apps will have very different models, + * depending on what problems they're trying to solve. + * + * Ember Data, included by default when you create a new application, + * is a library that integrates tightly with Ember to make it easy to + * retrieve models from your server as JSON, save updates back to the server, + * and create new models in the browser. + * + * > ember g model + */ + + import DS from 'ember-data'; + import { computed } from '@ember/object'; + + const { attr, Model } = DS; + + export default Model.extend({ + + firstName: attr('string'), + lastName: attr('string'), + birthday: attr('date'), + + + // Computed properties + // These are effectively fuctions declared as properties. The function's result + // will recompute every time one of the provided 'dependent keys' changes. + + fullName: computed('firstName', 'lastName', function() { + let firstName = this.get('firstName'); + let lastName = this.get('lastName'); + + return `${firstName} ${lastName}`; + }) + + }); + + + +/* + * 07 | Services + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * A Service is an Ember object that lives for the duration of the application, and can + * be made available in different parts of your application. Services are useful for + * features that require shared state or persistent connections. + * + * Example uses of services might include: + * + * - User/session authentication. + * - Geolocation. + * - WebSockets. + * - Server-sent events or notifications. + * - Server-backed API calls that may not fit Ember Data. + * - Third-party APIs. + * - Logging. + * + * > ember g service + */ + + +/* + * Defining services + * + * Like any Ember object, a service is initialized and can have properties and + * methods of its own. Below, the shopping cart service manages an items array + * that represents the items currently in the shopping cart. + */ + + // app/services/shopping-cart.js + import Service from '@ember/service'; + + export default Service.extend({ + items: null, + + init() { + this._super(...arguments); + this.set('items', []); + }, + + remove(item) { + this.get('items').removeObject(item); + } + }); + +/* + * Accessing services + * + * To access a service, you can inject it in any object such as a component or another + * service using the `inject` function from the `@ember/service` module. + */ + + // app/components/cart-contents.js + import Component from '@ember/component'; + import { inject } from '@ember/service'; + + export default Component.extend({ + + shoppingCart: inject() // will load the service in file /app/services/shopping-cart.js + + actions: { + remove(item) { + this.get('shoppingCart').remove(item); + } + } + }); + + // Once injected into a component, a service can also be used in the template. + // Note cart being used below to get data from the cart. + ```hbs app/templates/components/cart-contents.hbs +
    + {{#each cart.items as |item|}} +
  • + {{item.name}} + +
    • + {{/each}} +
+ ``` + + + +/* + * 08 | Testing + * -------------------------------------------------------------- + * + * Testing is a core part of the Ember framework and its development cycle. + * + * > ember g acceptance-test + * > ember g integration-test + * > ember g unit-test + * > ember t --server + * > ember s && visit localhost:4200/tests + */ + + /* + * Acceptance & application tests + * + * In these kinds of tests, we interact with the application in the same ways that a + * user would, such as filling out form fields and clicking buttons. Application + * tests ensure that the interactions within a project are basically functional, the + * core features of a project have not regressed, and the project's goals are being met. + * + * Some useful helpers from '@ember/test-helpers': + * - `click(selector)` + * Clicks an element and triggers any actions triggered by the element's click event and + * returns a promise that fulfills when all resulting async behavior is complete. + * + * - `fillIn(selector, value)` + * Fills in the selected input with the given value and returns a promise that + * fulfills when all resulting async behavior is complete. Works with elements. Keep in mind that with