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@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ ls # lists your files
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ls -l # lists your files in 'long format', which contains the exact size of the file, who owns the file and who has the right to look at it, and when it was last modified
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ls -l # lists your files in 'long format', which contains the exact size of the file, who owns the file and who has the right to look at it, and when it was last modified
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ls -a # lists all files, including hidden files
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ls -a # lists all files, including hidden files
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ln -s <filename> <link> # creates symbolic link to file
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ln -s <filename> <link> # creates symbolic link to file
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touch <filename> # creates or updates your file
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touch <filename> # creates or updates (edit) your file
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cat > <filename> # places standard input into file
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cat > <filename> # places standard input into file (can also be used to dump the content of a file on stdout)
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more <filename> # shows the first part of a file (move with space and type q to quit)
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more <filename> # shows the first part of a file (move with space and type q to quit)
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head <filename> # outputs the first 10 lines of file
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head <filename> # outputs the first 10 lines of file
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tail <filename> # outputs the last 10 lines of file (useful with -f option)
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tail <filename> # outputs the last 10 lines of file (useful with -f option)
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ df # shows disk usage
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du <filename> # shows the disk usage of the files and directories in filename (du -s give only a total)
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du <filename> # shows the disk usage of the files and directories in filename (du -s give only a total)
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last <yourUsername> # lists your last logins
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last <yourUsername> # lists your last logins
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ps -u yourusername # lists your processes
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ps -u yourusername # lists your processes
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kill <PID> # kills (ends) the processes with the ID you gave
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kill <PID> # kills the processes with the ID you gave
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killall <processname> # kill all processes with the name
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killall <processname> # kill all processes with the name
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top # displays your currently active processes
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top # displays your currently active processes
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bg # lists stopped or background jobs ; resume a stopped job in the background
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bg # lists stopped or background jobs ; resume a stopped job in the background
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@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ echo $! # prints process ID of the most recently invoked ba
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echo $? # displays the exit status of the last command
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echo $? # displays the exit status of the last command
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export VARNAME=value # defines an environment variable (will be available in subprocesses)
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export VARNAME=value # defines an environment variable (will be available in subprocesses)
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array[0] = val # several ways to define an array
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array[0]=val # several ways to define an array
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array[1] = val
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array[1]=val
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array[2] = val
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array[2]=val
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array=([2]=val [0]=val [1]=val)
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array=([2]=val [0]=val [1]=val)
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array(val val val)
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array(val val val)
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