mirror of
https://github.com/namibia/awesome-cheatsheets.git
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176 lines
9.4 KiB
Bash
176 lines
9.4 KiB
Bash
git init # initiates git in the current directory
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git remote add origin https://github.com/repo_name.git # add remote reposiory
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git clone <address> # creates a git repo from given address (get the address from your git-server)
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git clone <address> -b <branch_name> <path/to/directory> # clones a git repo from the address into the given directory and checkout's the given branch
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git clone <address> -b <branch_name> --single-branch # Clones a single branch
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git add <file_name> # adds(stages) file.txt to the git
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git add * # adds(stages) all new modifications, deletions, creations to the git
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git reset file.txt # Removes file.txt from the stage
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git reset --hard # Throws away all your uncommitted changes, hard reset files to HEAD
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git reset --soft <commit_id> # moves the head pointer
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git reset --mixed <commit_id> # moves the head pointer and then copies the files from the commit it is now pointing to the staging area,
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# the default when no argument is provided
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git reset -hard <commit_id> # moves the head pointer and then copies the files from the commit it is now pointing to the staging area
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# and working directory thus, throw away all uncommitted changes
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# git reset
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# 1. Move HEAD and current branch
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# 2. Reset the staging area
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# 3. Reset the working area
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# --soft = (1)
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# --mixed = (1) & (2) (default)
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# --hard = (1) & (2) & (3)
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git rm file.txt # removes file.txt both from git and file system
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git rm --cached file.txt # only removes file.txt both from git index
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git status # shows the modifications and stuff that are not staged yet
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git branch # shows all the branches (current branch is shown with a star)
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git branch -a # shows all the branches local and remote
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git branch my-branch # creates my-branch
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git branch -d my-branch # deletes my-branch
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git checkout my-branch # switches to my-branch
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git merge my-branch # merges my-branch to current branch
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git push origin --delete my-branch # delete remote branch
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git branch -m <new-branch-name> # rename the branch
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git checkout --orphan <branch_name> # checkout a branch with no commit history
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git branch -vv # list all branches and their upstreams, as well as last commit on branch
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git branch -a # List all local and remote branches
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git cherry-pick <commit_id> # merge the specified commit
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git cherry-pick <commit_id_A>^..<commit_id_B> # pick the entire range of commits where A is older than B ( the ^ is for including A as well )
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git remote # shows the remotes
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git remote -v # shows the remote for pull and push
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git remote add my-remote <address> # creates a remote (get the address from your git-server)
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git remote rm my-remote # Remove a remote
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git log # shows the log of commits
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# git log by default uses less command so you can use these: f=next page, b=prev page, search=/<query>, n=next match, p=prev match, q=quit
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git log --no-pager # shows the log of commits without less command
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git log --oneline # shows the log of commits, each commit in a single line
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git log --oneline --graph --decorate # shows the log of commits, each commit in a single line with graph
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git log --since=<time> # shows the log of commits since given time
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git log -- <file_name>
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git log -p <file_name> # change over time for a specific file
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git log <Branch1> ^<Branch2> # lists commit(s) in branch1 that are not in branch2
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git log -n <x> # lists the last x commits
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git log -n <x> --oneline # lists the last x commits, each commit in single line
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git grep --heading --line-number '<string/regex>' # Find lines matching the pattern in tracked files
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git log --grep='<string/regex>' # Search Commit log
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git reflog # record when the tips of branches and other references were updated in the local repository.
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git ls-files # show information about files in the index and the working tree
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git commit -m "msg" # commit changes with a msg
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git commit -m "title" -m "description" # commit changes with a title and description
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git commit --amend # combine staged changes with the previous commit, or edit the previous commit message without changing its snapshot
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git commit --amend --no-edit # amends a commit without changing its commit message
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git commit --amend --author='Author Name <email@address.com>' # Amend the author of a commit
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git push my-remote my-branch # pushes the commits to the my-remote in my-branch (does not push the tags)
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git revert <commit-id> # Undo a commit by creating a new commit
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git show # shows one or more objects (blobs, trees, tags and commits).
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git diff # show changes between commits, commit and working tree
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git diff HEAD #show changes between working directory vs last commit
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git diff --staged HEAD #show changes between stage area vs last commit
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git diff --color # show colored diff
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git diff --staged # Shows changes staged for commit
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git tag # shows all the tags
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git tag -a v1.0 -m "msg" # creates an annotated tag
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git show v1.0 # shows the description of version-1.0 tag
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git tag --delete v1.0 # deletes the tag in local directory
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git push --delete my-remote v1.0 # deletes the tag in my-remote (be carefore to not delete a branch)
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git push my-remote my-branch v1.0 # push v1.0 tag to my-remote in my-branch
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git fetch --tags # pulls the tags from remote
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git pull my-remote my-branch # pulls and tries to merge my-branch from my-remote to the current branch git pull = git fetch && get merge
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git stash # stashes the staged and unstaged changes (git status will be clean after it)
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git stash -u # stash everything including new untracked files (but not .gitignore)
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git stash save "msg" # stash with a msg
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git stash list # list all stashes
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git stash pop # delete the recent stash and applies it
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git stash pop stash@{2} # delete the {2} stash and applies it
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git stash show # shows the description of stash
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git stash apply # keep the stash and applies it to the git
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git stash branch my-branch stash@{1} # creates a branch from your stash
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git stash drop stash@{1} # deletes the {1} stash
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git stash clear # clears all the stash
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git rebase -i <commit_id> # Rebase commits from a commit ID
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git rebase --abort # Abort a running rebase
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git rebase --continue # Continue rebasing after fixing all conflicts
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git clean -f # clean untracked files permanently
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git clean -f -d/git clean -fd # To remove directories permanently
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git clean -f -X/git clean -fX # To remove ignored files permanently
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git clean -f -x/git clean -fx # To remove ignored and non-ignored files permanently
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git clean -d --dry-run # shows what would be deleted
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git config --global --list # lists the git configuration for all repos
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git config --global --edit # opens an editor to edit the git config file
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git config --global alias.<handle> <command> # add git aliases to speed up workflow , eg.
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# if handle is st and command is status then running git st would execute git status
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git config --global core.editor <editor_name> # config default editor
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git archive <branch_name> --format=zip --outpute=./<archive_name>.zip # create an archive of files from a named tree
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.gitignore
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# is a file including names of stuff that you don"t want to be staged or tracked.
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# You usually keep your local files like database, media, etc here.
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# You can find good resources online about ignoring specific files in your project files.
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# .gitignore is also get ignored
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.git
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# is a hidden directory in repo directory including git files. It is created after "git init".
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# Some useful notes:
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# Better Commit messages:
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# Key to Effective Debugging
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# For the commit message to help in debugging effectively, ensure that it is short and use an imperative
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# mood (spoken or written as if giving a command or instruction) when constructing them.
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# Also use feature tense for commit messages.
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# The first word in your commit message should be one of these:
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# Add
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# Create
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# Refactor
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# Fix
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# Release
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# Document
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# Modify
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# Update
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# Remove
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# Delete etc...
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# About resetting:
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# Use git revert instead of git reset in shared repositories
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# git revert creates a new commit that introduces the opposite changes from the specified commit.
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# Revert does not change history the original commit stays in the repository
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# Difference between ~ and ^ in git:
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# > ^ or ^n
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# >no args: == ^1: the first parent commit
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# >n: the nth parent commit
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# > ~ or ~n
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# >no args: == ~1: the first commit back, following 1st parent
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# >n: number of commits back, following only 1st parent
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# note: ^ and ~ can be combined
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# Some tools to improve git skill by visualizing it:
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# https://git-school.github.io/visualizing-git/
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# https://learngitbranching.js.org/
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