diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 2a34f186..19dd4559 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ jobs:
             fail-fast: false
             matrix:
                 os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-                php-version: ['8.1']
+                php-version: ['8.2']
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/AsymmetricKey.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/AsymmetricKey.php
index 51ebd5c6..f7ecfd34 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/AsymmetricKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/AsymmetricKey.php
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ abstract class AsymmetricKey
         }
 
         $components['format'] = $format;
+        $components['secret'] = $components['secret'] ?? '';
         $comment = $components['comment'] ?? null;
         $new = static::onLoad($components);
         $new->format = $format;
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ abstract class AsymmetricKey
         }
 
         $components['format'] = $format;
+        $components['secret'] = $components['secret'] ?? '';
 
         $new = static::onLoad($components);
         $new->format = $format;
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/SymmetricKey.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/SymmetricKey.php
index 63e1381a..a7724762 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/SymmetricKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/Common/SymmetricKey.php
@@ -211,6 +211,11 @@ abstract class SymmetricKey
      */
     protected $key = false;
 
+    /**
+     * @var null|string
+     */
+    private $hKey = null;
+
     /**
      * The Initialization Vector
      *
@@ -264,9 +269,83 @@ abstract class SymmetricKey
     protected $debuffer;
 
     /**
-     * @var array
+     * mcrypt resource for encryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @var resource
      */
-    protected $buffer;
+    private $enmcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for decryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @var resource
+     */
+    private $demcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the enmcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib3\Crypt\Twofish::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib3\Crypt\Twofish::setIV()
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    private $enchanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the demcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see \phpseclib3\Crypt\Twofish::setKey()
+     * @see \phpseclib3\Crypt\Twofish::setIV()
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    private $dechanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for CFB mode
+     *
+     * mcrypt's CFB mode, in (and only in) buffered context,
+     * is broken, so phpseclib implements the CFB mode by it self,
+     * even when the mcrypt php extension is available.
+     *
+     * In order to do the CFB-mode work (fast) phpseclib
+     * use a separate ECB-mode mcrypt resource.
+     *
+     * @link http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/cfb-demo.phps
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @see self::decrypt()
+     * @see self::setupMcrypt()
+     * @var resource
+     */
+    private $ecb;
+
+    /**
+     * Optimizing value while CFB-encrypting
+     *
+     * Only relevant if $continuousBuffer enabled
+     * and $engine == self::ENGINE_MCRYPT
+     *
+     * It's faster to re-init $enmcrypt if
+     * $buffer bytes > $cfb_init_len than
+     * using the $ecb resource furthermore.
+     *
+     * This value depends of the chosen cipher
+     * and the time it would be needed for it's
+     * initialization [by mcrypt_generic_init()]
+     * which, typically, depends on the complexity
+     * on its internaly Key-expanding algorithm.
+     *
+     * @see self::encrypt()
+     * @var int
+     */
+    protected $cfb_init_len = 600;
 
     /**
      * Does internal cipher state need to be (re)initialized?
@@ -1308,7 +1387,7 @@ abstract class SymmetricKey
                     $plaintext = '';
                     if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
                         $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
-                        $pos = &$this->buffer['pos'];
+                        $pos = &$this->debuffer['pos'];
                     } else {
                         $iv = $this->decryptIV;
                         $pos = 0;
@@ -2844,7 +2923,7 @@ PHP
     private function setupGCM(): void
     {
         // don't keep on re-calculating $this->h
-        if (!$this->h || $this->h->key != $this->key) {
+        if (!$this->h || $this->hKey != $this->key) {
             $cipher = new static('ecb');
             $cipher->setKey($this->key);
             $cipher->disablePadding();
@@ -2852,7 +2931,7 @@ PHP
             $this->h = self::$gcmField->newInteger(
                 Strings::switchEndianness($cipher->encrypt("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"))
             );
-            $this->h->key = $this->key;
+            $this->hKey = $this->key;
         }
 
         if (strlen($this->nonce) == 12) {
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
index ee2f04ee..a1e55e4e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ class DES extends BlockCipher
     /**
      * @var array
      */
-    private $kl;
+    private $kl = [];
 
     /**
      * Shuffle table.
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC.php
index 835d75fe..fb721d52 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC.php
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ abstract class EC extends AsymmetricKey
     /**
      * @var string
      */
-    protected $sigFormat;
+    protected $sigFormat = '';
 
     /**
      * Create public / private key pair.
@@ -174,7 +174,13 @@ abstract class EC extends AsymmetricKey
             $reflect->getShortName();
 
         $curve = new $curve();
-        $privatekey->dA = $dA = $curve->createRandomMultiplier();
+        if ($curve instanceof TwistedEdwardsCurve) {
+            $arr = $curve->extractSecret(Random::string($curve instanceof Ed448 ? 57 : 32));
+            $privatekey->dA = $dA = $arr['dA'];
+            $privatekey->secret = $arr['secret'];
+        } else {
+            $privatekey->dA = $dA = $curve->createRandomMultiplier();
+        }
         if ($curve instanceof Curve25519 && self::$engines['libsodium']) {
             //$r = pack('H*', '0900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000');
             //$QA = sodium_crypto_scalarmult($dA->toBytes(), $r);
@@ -224,6 +230,7 @@ abstract class EC extends AsymmetricKey
 
         if (isset($components['dA'])) {
             $new->dA = $components['dA'];
+            $new->secret = $components['secret'];
         }
 
         if ($new->curve instanceof TwistedEdwardsCurve) {
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/BaseCurves/KoblitzPrime.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/BaseCurves/KoblitzPrime.php
index 9d0a6d71..4454dcc6 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/BaseCurves/KoblitzPrime.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/BaseCurves/KoblitzPrime.php
@@ -40,6 +40,15 @@ use phpseclib3\Math\PrimeField;
  */
 class KoblitzPrime extends Prime
 {
+    /**
+     * @var array<array<string,BigInteger>>
+     */
+    public $basis = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @var object
+     */
+    public $beta;
     // don't overwrite setCoefficients() with one that only accepts one parameter so that
     // one might be able to switch between KoblitzPrime and Prime more easily (for benchmarking
     // purposes).
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed25519.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed25519.php
index 996c8294..fd467dea 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed25519.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed25519.php
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class Ed25519 extends TwistedEdwards
      *
      * Used by the various key handlers
      *
-     * @return \phpseclib3\Math\PrimeField\Integer
+     * @return array
      */
     public function extractSecret(string $str)
     {
@@ -180,8 +180,10 @@ class Ed25519 extends TwistedEdwards
         //     secret scalar s.
         $dA = new BigInteger($h, 256);
 
-        $dA->secret = $str;
-        return $dA;
+        return [
+            'dA' => $dA,
+            'secret' => $str
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -205,7 +207,7 @@ class Ed25519 extends TwistedEdwards
      */
     public function createRandomMultiplier(): BigInteger
     {
-        return $this->extractSecret(Random::string(32));
+        return $this->extractSecret(Random::string(32))['dA'];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed448.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed448.php
index c6590450..b0b0827a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed448.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/Ed448.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Ed448 extends TwistedEdwards
      *
      * Used by the various key handlers
      *
-     * @return \phpseclib3\Math\PrimeField\Integer
+     * @return array
      */
     public function extractSecret(string $str)
     {
@@ -121,8 +121,10 @@ class Ed448 extends TwistedEdwards
         //     secret scalar s.
         $dA = new BigInteger($h, 256);
 
-        $dA->secret = $str;
-        return $dA;
+        return [
+            'dA' => $dA,
+            'secret' => $str
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ class Ed448 extends TwistedEdwards
      */
     public function createRandomMultiplier(): BigInteger
     {
-        return $this->extractSecret(Random::string(57));
+        return $this->extractSecret(Random::string(57))['dA'];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp160k1.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp160k1.php
index 02a461a5..6a4d273c 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp160k1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp160k1.php
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ use phpseclib3\Math\BigInteger;
 
 class secp160k1 extends KoblitzPrime
 {
-    public $basis;
-
-    public $beta;
-
     public function __construct()
     {
         // same as secp160r2
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp192k1.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp192k1.php
index ee97b193..952c56e0 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp192k1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp192k1.php
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ use phpseclib3\Math\BigInteger;
 
 class secp192k1 extends KoblitzPrime
 {
-    public $basis;
-
-    public $beta;
-
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->setModulo(new BigInteger('FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFEE37', 16));
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp224k1.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp224k1.php
index f62df8cf..bf45dc82 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp224k1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp224k1.php
@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ use phpseclib3\Math\BigInteger;
 
 class secp224k1 extends KoblitzPrime
 {
-    public $basis;
-
-    public $beta;
-
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->setModulo(new BigInteger('FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFE56D', 16));
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp256k1.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp256k1.php
index 6463727c..e886e592 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp256k1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Curves/secp256k1.php
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@ use phpseclib3\Math\BigInteger;
 //class secp256k1 extends Prime
 class secp256k1 extends KoblitzPrime
 {
-    public $basis;
-
-    public $beta;
-
     public function __construct()
     {
         $this->setModulo(new BigInteger('FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFC2F', 16));
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/OpenSSH.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/OpenSSH.php
index bce9c257..15f94d2e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/OpenSSH.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/OpenSSH.php
@@ -176,21 +176,22 @@ abstract class OpenSSH extends Progenitor
         BigInteger $privateKey,
         BaseCurve $curve,
         array $publicKey,
-        $password = '',
+        $password,
+        string $secret,
         array $options = []
     ): string {
         if ($curve instanceof Ed25519) {
-            if (!isset($privateKey->secret)) {
+            if (!isset($secret)) {
                 throw new \RuntimeException('Private Key does not have a secret set');
             }
-            if (strlen($privateKey->secret) != 32) {
+            if (strlen($secret) != 32) {
                 throw new \RuntimeException('Private Key secret is not of the correct length');
             }
 
             $pubKey = $curve->encodePoint($publicKey);
 
             $publicKey = Strings::packSSH2('ss', 'ssh-ed25519', $pubKey);
-            $privateKey = Strings::packSSH2('sss', 'ssh-ed25519', $pubKey, $privateKey->secret . $pubKey);
+            $privateKey = Strings::packSSH2('sss', 'ssh-ed25519', $pubKey, $secret . $pubKey);
 
             return self::wrapPrivateKey($publicKey, $privateKey, $password, $options);
         }
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS1.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS1.php
index 10477504..f00bb320 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS1.php
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ abstract class PKCS1 extends Progenitor
      *
      * @param Integer[] $publicKey
      */
-    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
+    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, string $secret, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
     {
         self::initialize_static_variables();
 
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS8.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS8.php
index b1bb2df3..4b44e7dc 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS8.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PKCS8.php
@@ -149,7 +149,9 @@ abstract class PKCS8 extends Progenitor
             if (substr($key['privateKey'], 0, 2) != "\x04\x20") {
                 throw new \RuntimeException('The first two bytes of the private key field should be 0x0420');
             }
-            $components['dA'] = $components['curve']->extractSecret(substr($key['privateKey'], 2));
+            $arr = $components['curve']->extractSecret(substr($key['privateKey'], 2));
+            $components['dA'] = $arr['dA'];
+            $components['secret'] = $arr['secret'];
         }
 
         if (isset($key['publicKey'])) {
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ abstract class PKCS8 extends Progenitor
      *
      * @param Integer[] $publicKey
      */
-    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
+    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, string $secret, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
     {
         self::initialize_static_variables();
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ abstract class PKCS8 extends Progenitor
 
         if ($curve instanceof TwistedEdwardsCurve) {
             return self::wrapPrivateKey(
-                "\x04\x20" . $privateKey->secret,
+                "\x04\x20" . $secret,
                 [],
                 null,
                 $password,
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PuTTY.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PuTTY.php
index 181a95d6..37cff288 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PuTTY.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/PuTTY.php
@@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ abstract class PuTTY extends Progenitor
             if (Strings::shift($private, 4) != "\0\0\0\x20") {
                 throw new \RuntimeException('Length of ssh-ed25519 key should be 32');
             }
-            $components['dA'] = $components['curve']->extractSecret($private);
+            $arr = $components['curve']->extractSecret($private);
+            $components['dA'] = $arr['dA'];
+            $components['secret'] = $arr['secret'];
         } else {
             [$components['dA']] = Strings::unpackSSH2('i', $private);
             $components['curve']->rangeCheck($components['dA']);
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ abstract class PuTTY extends Progenitor
      *
      * @param \phpseclib3\Math\Common\FiniteField\Integer[] $publicKey
      */
-    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
+    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, BaseCurve $curve, array $publicKey, string $secret, ?string $password = null, array $options = []): string
     {
         self::initialize_static_variables();
 
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ abstract class PuTTY extends Progenitor
         }
 
         $private = $curve instanceof TwistedEdwardsCurve ?
-            Strings::packSSH2('s', $privateKey->secret) :
+            Strings::packSSH2('s', $secret) :
             Strings::packSSH2('s', $private);
 
         return self::wrapPrivateKey($public, $private, $name, $password, $options);
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/libsodium.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/libsodium.php
index 9ee1deb4..b32d0136 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/libsodium.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/Formats/Keys/libsodium.php
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ abstract class libsodium
         $curve = new Ed25519();
         $components = ['curve' => $curve];
         if (isset($private)) {
-            $components['dA'] = $curve->extractSecret($private);
+            $arr = $curve->extractSecret($private);
+            $components['dA'] = $arr['dA'];
+            $components['secret'] = $arr['secret'];
         }
         $components['QA'] = isset($public) ?
             self::extractPoint($public, $curve) :
@@ -88,17 +90,17 @@ abstract class libsodium
      *
      * @param \phpseclib3\Math\Common\FiniteField\Integer[] $publicKey
      */
-    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, Ed25519 $curve, array $publicKey, ?string $password = null): string
+    public static function savePrivateKey(BigInteger $privateKey, Ed25519 $curve, array $publicKey, string $secret, ?string $password = null): string
     {
-        if (!isset($privateKey->secret)) {
+        if (!isset($secret)) {
             throw new \RuntimeException('Private Key does not have a secret set');
         }
-        if (strlen($privateKey->secret) != 32) {
+        if (strlen($secret) != 32) {
             throw new \RuntimeException('Private Key secret is not of the correct length');
         }
         if (!empty($password) && is_string($password)) {
             throw new UnsupportedFormatException('libsodium private keys do not support encryption');
         }
-        return $privateKey->secret . $curve->encodePoint($publicKey);
+        return $secret . $curve->encodePoint($publicKey);
     }
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/PrivateKey.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/PrivateKey.php
index f9991bf8..7eb5edda 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/PrivateKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/EC/PrivateKey.php
@@ -46,6 +46,11 @@ class PrivateKey extends EC implements Common\PrivateKey
      */
     protected $dA;
 
+    /**
+     * @var string
+     */
+    protected $secret = '';
+
     /**
      * Multiplies an encoded point by the private key
      *
@@ -110,7 +115,7 @@ class PrivateKey extends EC implements Common\PrivateKey
             $curve = $this->curve;
             $hash = new Hash($curve::HASH);
 
-            $secret = substr($hash->hash($this->dA->secret), $curve::SIZE);
+            $secret = substr($hash->hash($this->secret), $curve::SIZE);
 
             if ($curve instanceof Ed25519) {
                 $dom = !isset($this->context) ? '' :
@@ -213,7 +218,7 @@ class PrivateKey extends EC implements Common\PrivateKey
     {
         $type = self::validatePlugin('Keys', $type, 'savePrivateKey');
 
-        return $type::savePrivateKey($this->dA, $this->curve, $this->QA, $this->password, $options);
+        return $type::savePrivateKey($this->dA, $this->curve, $this->QA, $this->password, $this->secret, $options);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
index af270574..28ac5c4e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class Hash
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    private $blockSize;
+    private $blockSize = 0;
 
     /**#@+
      * UMAC variables
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
index 7f631805..323290f9 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
@@ -251,6 +251,16 @@ abstract class RSA extends AsymmetricKey
      */
     private static $smallestPrime = 4096;
 
+    /**
+     * Public Exponent
+     */
+    protected $publicExponent = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Private Exponent
+     */
+    protected $privateExponent = null;
+
     /**
      * Sets the public exponent for key generation
      *
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PrivateKey.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PrivateKey.php
index a7dcad6a..315500df 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PrivateKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PrivateKey.php
@@ -50,16 +50,6 @@ class PrivateKey extends RSA implements Common\PrivateKey
      */
     protected $coefficients;
 
-    /**
-     * Public Exponent
-     */
-    protected $publicExponent = false;
-
-    /**
-     * Private Exponent
-     */
-    protected $privateExponent;
-
     /**
      * RSADP
      *
diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PublicKey.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PublicKey.php
index 0b9e39f2..c20f08fd 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PublicKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA/PublicKey.php
@@ -34,16 +34,6 @@ class PublicKey extends RSA implements Common\PublicKey
 {
     use Common\Traits\Fingerprint;
 
-    /**
-     * Public Exponent
-     */
-    protected $publicExponent = false;
-
-    /**
-     * Private Exponent
-     */
-    protected $privateExponent;
-
     /**
      * Exponentiate
      */
diff --git a/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php b/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
index 8b3e7e76..88860838 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
@@ -79,11 +79,6 @@ class BigInteger implements \JsonSerializable
      */
     private $precision;
 
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    public $secret;
-
     /**
      * Sets engine type.
      *
diff --git a/phpseclib/Math/BinaryField/Integer.php b/phpseclib/Math/BinaryField/Integer.php
index 40750b22..b6bb12c8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Math/BinaryField/Integer.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Math/BinaryField/Integer.php
@@ -62,11 +62,6 @@ class Integer extends Base
      */
     protected static $reduce;
 
-    /**
-     * @var bool|string
-     */
-    public $key;
-
     /**
      * Default constructor
      */
diff --git a/phpseclib/Math/PrimeField.php b/phpseclib/Math/PrimeField.php
index 0b49c517..4074a7e3 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Math/PrimeField.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Math/PrimeField.php
@@ -41,11 +41,6 @@ class PrimeField extends FiniteField
      */
     protected $instanceID;
 
-    /**
-     * @var BigInteger
-     */
-    protected $modulo;
-
     /**
      * Default constructor
      */
@@ -55,8 +50,6 @@ class PrimeField extends FiniteField
         //    throw new \UnexpectedValueException('PrimeField requires a prime number be passed to the constructor');
         //}
 
-        $this->modulo = $modulo;
-
         $this->instanceID = self::$instanceCounter++;
         Integer::setModulo($this->instanceID, $modulo);
         Integer::setRecurringModuloFunction($this->instanceID, $modulo->createRecurringModuloFunction());
diff --git a/tests/Unit/Crypt/EC/Ed448PrivateKey.php b/tests/Unit/Crypt/EC/Ed448PrivateKey.php
index c5b8b0d6..ad97ee62 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/Crypt/EC/Ed448PrivateKey.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/Crypt/EC/Ed448PrivateKey.php
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ class Ed448PrivateKey
         }
 
         $components = ['curve' => new Ed448()];
-        $components['dA'] = $components['curve']->extractSecret($key);
+        $arr = $components['curve']->extractSecret($key);
+        $components['dA'] = $arr['dA'];
+        $components['secret'] = $arr['secret'];
         $components['QA'] = $components['curve']->multiplyPoint($components['curve']->getBasePoint(), $components['dA']);
 
         return $components;