diff --git a/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php b/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
index 21d6addc..3ab2db8d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
+++ b/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use phpseclib\Crypt\Common\BlockCipher;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Random
+abstract class Random
 {
     /**
      * Generate a random string.
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
index 2d5ca72e..dd021408 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use phpseclib\Math\BigInteger;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ASN1
+abstract class ASN1
 {
     /**#@+
      * Tag Classes
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AccessDescription.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AccessDescription.php
index 264b4f1f..4e1d91b1 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AccessDescription.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AccessDescription.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AccessDescription
+abstract class AccessDescription
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AdministrationDomainName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AdministrationDomainName.php
index 2de3b028..911ed130 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AdministrationDomainName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AdministrationDomainName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AdministrationDomainName
+abstract class AdministrationDomainName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AlgorithmIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AlgorithmIdentifier.php
index 03f8b9bd..f2ed617c 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AlgorithmIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AlgorithmIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AlgorithmIdentifier
+abstract class AlgorithmIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type' => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AnotherName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AnotherName.php
index b8b35f8f..f00b3974 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AnotherName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AnotherName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AnotherName
+abstract class AnotherName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attribute.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attribute.php
index 3c579ee5..cf657fa9 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attribute.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attribute.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Attribute
+abstract class Attribute
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeType.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeType.php
index 03c4fda5..354ed10e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeType.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeType.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AttributeType
+abstract class AttributeType
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeTypeAndValue.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeTypeAndValue.php
index 4c50e4b2..4982e5e4 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeTypeAndValue.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeTypeAndValue.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AttributeTypeAndValue
+abstract class AttributeTypeAndValue
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeValue.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeValue.php
index e77e4ce9..10b8ad09 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeValue.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AttributeValue.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AttributeValue
+abstract class AttributeValue
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_ANY];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attributes.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attributes.php
index 55cefaed..2614ef45 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attributes.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Attributes.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Attributes
+abstract class Attributes
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax.php
index 1e0f4562..8fc7bfe7 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax
+abstract class AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.php
index 9e5935d6..634d3a42 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/AuthorityKeyIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class AuthorityKeyIdentifier
+abstract class AuthorityKeyIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BaseDistance.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BaseDistance.php
index f19c612f..cdeb5665 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BaseDistance.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BaseDistance.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class BaseDistance
+abstract class BaseDistance
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BasicConstraints.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BasicConstraints.php
index cc945400..4fd2c637 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BasicConstraints.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BasicConstraints.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class BasicConstraints
+abstract class BasicConstraints
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute.php
index a2285637..6b81a18c 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute
+abstract class BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes.php
index 1e84af64..82d18354 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes
+abstract class BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInStandardAttributes.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInStandardAttributes.php
index c9ea9f0e..1b581674 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInStandardAttributes.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/BuiltInStandardAttributes.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class BuiltInStandardAttributes
+abstract class BuiltInStandardAttributes
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CPSuri.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CPSuri.php
index 4b9899c6..96ad09af 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CPSuri.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CPSuri.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CPSuri
+abstract class CPSuri
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLDistributionPoints.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLDistributionPoints.php
index 8b351926..a06d474c 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLDistributionPoints.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLDistributionPoints.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CRLDistributionPoints
+abstract class CRLDistributionPoints
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLNumber.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLNumber.php
index d7c33384..83eebd83 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLNumber.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLNumber.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CRLNumber
+abstract class CRLNumber
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLReason.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLReason.php
index 14010a69..ae5475e8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLReason.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CRLReason.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CRLReason
+abstract class CRLReason
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type' => ASN1::TYPE_ENUMERATED,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertPolicyId.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertPolicyId.php
index 2739d9d5..c8fac468 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertPolicyId.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertPolicyId.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertPolicyId
+abstract class CertPolicyId
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Certificate.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Certificate.php
index fc1f7fbd..0b6bcd71 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Certificate.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Certificate.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Certificate
+abstract class Certificate
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateIssuer.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateIssuer.php
index 77bfa0d3..51696784 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateIssuer.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateIssuer.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificateIssuer
+abstract class CertificateIssuer
 {
     const MAP = GeneralNames::MAP;
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateList.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateList.php
index 52186a28..2ce3872a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateList.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateList.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificateList
+abstract class CertificateList
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificatePolicies.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificatePolicies.php
index 0f41ab43..65bd8a44 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificatePolicies.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificatePolicies.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificatePolicies
+abstract class CertificatePolicies
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateSerialNumber.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateSerialNumber.php
index 923fc553..c9cc70db 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateSerialNumber.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificateSerialNumber.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificateSerialNumber
+abstract class CertificateSerialNumber
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_INTEGER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequest.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequest.php
index 5dafa30b..97ff23c7 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequest.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequest.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificationRequest
+abstract class CertificationRequest
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequestInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequestInfo.php
index ab985900..f1f62aa4 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequestInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CertificationRequestInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CertificationRequestInfo
+abstract class CertificationRequestInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CountryName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CountryName.php
index f71fcc6b..98e7a887 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CountryName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/CountryName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class CountryName
+abstract class CountryName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DigestInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DigestInfo.php
index 4e5953af..d326e343 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DigestInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DigestInfo.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class DigestInfo
+abstract class DigestInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DirectoryString.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DirectoryString.php
index 40ad7eb2..555aee24 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DirectoryString.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DirectoryString.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class DirectoryString
+abstract class DirectoryString
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DisplayText.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DisplayText.php
index 2b880381..1e3f60f9 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DisplayText.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DisplayText.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class DisplayText
+abstract class DisplayText
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPoint.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPoint.php
index fccbf4ef..110ad459 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPoint.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPoint.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class DistributionPoint
+abstract class DistributionPoint
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPointName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPointName.php
index 76c687ab..8ea5ba05 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPointName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/DistributionPointName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class DistributionPointName
+abstract class DistributionPointName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EDIPartyName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EDIPartyName.php
index ef72aa1a..3ac07e9d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EDIPartyName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EDIPartyName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class EDIPartyName
+abstract class EDIPartyName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedData.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedData.php
index 93d01e16..79e361c8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedData.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedData.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class EncryptedData
+abstract class EncryptedData
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo.php
index 9d34e796..ca8d5590 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
+abstract class EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtKeyUsageSyntax.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtKeyUsageSyntax.php
index a5142884..9a257c5e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtKeyUsageSyntax.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtKeyUsageSyntax.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ExtKeyUsageSyntax
+abstract class ExtKeyUsageSyntax
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extension.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extension.php
index a4635d6d..d59e2d3c 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extension.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extension.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Extension
+abstract class Extension
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttribute.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttribute.php
index 971b4f8f..cf537f63 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttribute.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttribute.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ExtensionAttribute
+abstract class ExtensionAttribute
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttributes.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttributes.php
index 37c95065..60189d8b 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttributes.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ExtensionAttributes.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ExtensionAttributes
+abstract class ExtensionAttributes
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extensions.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extensions.php
index abc8be04..152316de 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extensions.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Extensions.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Extensions
+abstract class Extensions
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralName.php
index 09661b78..38e00790 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class GeneralName
+abstract class GeneralName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralNames.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralNames.php
index 740f947d..263e2a2d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralNames.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralNames.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class GeneralNames
+abstract class GeneralNames
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtree.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtree.php
index a8530d44..6b42f034 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtree.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtree.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class GeneralSubtree
+abstract class GeneralSubtree
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtrees.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtrees.php
index 1df35fff..4d3a948e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtrees.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/GeneralSubtrees.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class GeneralSubtrees
+abstract class GeneralSubtrees
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/HoldInstructionCode.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/HoldInstructionCode.php
index 112ca9e1..fe4b991a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/HoldInstructionCode.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/HoldInstructionCode.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class HoldInstructionCode
+abstract class HoldInstructionCode
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/InvalidityDate.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/InvalidityDate.php
index 89fefe38..e776b5fb 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/InvalidityDate.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/InvalidityDate.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class InvalidityDate
+abstract class InvalidityDate
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuerAltName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuerAltName.php
index d6eb476a..7d526636 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuerAltName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuerAltName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class IssuerAltName
+abstract class IssuerAltName
 {
     const MAP = GeneralNames::MAP;
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuingDistributionPoint.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuingDistributionPoint.php
index a3b49afc..15c22501 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuingDistributionPoint.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/IssuingDistributionPoint.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class IssuingDistributionPoint
+abstract class IssuingDistributionPoint
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type' => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyIdentifier.php
index 5d704741..caf16d85 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class KeyIdentifier
+abstract class KeyIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyPurposeId.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyPurposeId.php
index ef08bca8..b401d7eb 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyPurposeId.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyPurposeId.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class KeyPurposeId
+abstract class KeyPurposeId
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyUsage.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyUsage.php
index 404d9d98..a743def6 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyUsage.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/KeyUsage.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class KeyUsage
+abstract class KeyUsage
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Name.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Name.php
index 9ef7e109..22419743 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Name.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Name.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Name
+abstract class Name
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NameConstraints.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NameConstraints.php
index f52c4fb9..0f3d8c46 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NameConstraints.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NameConstraints.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class NameConstraints
+abstract class NameConstraints
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NetworkAddress.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NetworkAddress.php
index 93ae7936..2edab3c8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NetworkAddress.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NetworkAddress.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class NetworkAddress
+abstract class NetworkAddress
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NoticeReference.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NoticeReference.php
index 3e864256..66aa93b6 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NoticeReference.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NoticeReference.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class NoticeReference
+abstract class NoticeReference
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NumericUserIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NumericUserIdentifier.php
index 378c03e2..9ed3d717 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NumericUserIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/NumericUserIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class NumericUserIdentifier
+abstract class NumericUserIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ORAddress.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ORAddress.php
index 8f387c09..e3119a46 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ORAddress.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ORAddress.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ORAddress
+abstract class ORAddress
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationName.php
index 6bad52e4..04dd9d1b 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class OrganizationName
+abstract class OrganizationName
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationalUnitNames.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationalUnitNames.php
index 94121869..8a36c988 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationalUnitNames.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OrganizationalUnitNames.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class OrganizationalUnitNames
+abstract class OrganizationalUnitNames
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfo.php
index 2414eceb..1ff4bc51 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class OtherPrimeInfo
+abstract class OtherPrimeInfo
 {
     // version must be multi if otherPrimeInfos present
     const MAP = [
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfos.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfos.php
index d5ce8b51..3a4ebd2d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfos.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/OtherPrimeInfos.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class OtherPrimeInfos
+abstract class OtherPrimeInfos
 {
     // version must be multi if otherPrimeInfos present
     const MAP = [
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBEParameter.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBEParameter.php
index d9f46027..174a84d8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBEParameter.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBEParameter.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PBEParameter
+abstract class PBEParameter
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBES2params.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBES2params.php
index 8ddc77ef..3c50fe92 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBES2params.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBES2params.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PBES2params
+abstract class PBES2params
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBKDF2params.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBKDF2params.php
index 15793c36..3d0d4501 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBKDF2params.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBKDF2params.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PBKDF2params
+abstract class PBKDF2params
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBMAC1params.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBMAC1params.php
index b5aca605..ec46ebde 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBMAC1params.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PBMAC1params.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PBMAC1params
+abstract class PBMAC1params
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PKCS9String.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PKCS9String.php
index 7dffbc1a..9cbceae8 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PKCS9String.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PKCS9String.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PKCS9String 
+abstract class PKCS9String 
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PersonalName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PersonalName.php
index 09bc54f7..c308bfdb 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PersonalName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PersonalName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PersonalName
+abstract class PersonalName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyInformation.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyInformation.php
index 6b62654d..7d89f43b 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyInformation.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyInformation.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PolicyInformation
+abstract class PolicyInformation
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyMappings.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyMappings.php
index 8de2b18a..eaa5b497 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyMappings.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyMappings.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PolicyMappings
+abstract class PolicyMappings
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierId.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierId.php
index 2af6d174..e657d2ce 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierId.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierId.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PolicyQualifierId
+abstract class PolicyQualifierId
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierInfo.php
index 17aab9b4..83fc872e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PolicyQualifierInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PolicyQualifierInfo
+abstract class PolicyQualifierInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PostalAddress.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PostalAddress.php
index 626b249e..2a0e446d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PostalAddress.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PostalAddress.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PostalAddress
+abstract class PostalAddress
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateDomainName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateDomainName.php
index 4ef2b140..16ffc539 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateDomainName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateDomainName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PrivateDomainName
+abstract class PrivateDomainName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKey.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKey.php
index 0280a81b..e8e4409a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKey.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PrivateKey
+abstract class PrivateKey
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_OCTET_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyInfo.php
index ce75ed87..04b6a22e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PrivateKeyInfo
+abstract class PrivateKeyInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.php
index 1ea8c042..3d994199 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PrivateKeyUsagePeriod.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PrivateKeyUsagePeriod
+abstract class PrivateKeyUsagePeriod
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyAndChallenge.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyAndChallenge.php
index 363918bc..18a0e7d3 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyAndChallenge.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyAndChallenge.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PublicKeyAndChallenge
+abstract class PublicKeyAndChallenge
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyInfo.php
index 44a71341..8f8b8966 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/PublicKeyInfo.php
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class PublicKeyInfo
+abstract class PublicKeyInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RC2CBCParameter.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RC2CBCParameter.php
index 5720f0b0..59254c0e 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RC2CBCParameter.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RC2CBCParameter.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RC2CBCParameter
+abstract class RC2CBCParameter
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RDNSequence.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RDNSequence.php
index 0e28b25a..e9197d64 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RDNSequence.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RDNSequence.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RDNSequence
+abstract class RDNSequence
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPrivateKey.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPrivateKey.php
index 0af9075c..a7f06a49 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPrivateKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPrivateKey.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RSAPrivateKey
+abstract class RSAPrivateKey
 {
     // version must be multi if otherPrimeInfos present
     const MAP = [
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPublicKey.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPublicKey.php
index 6aae87e7..b94a982d 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPublicKey.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RSAPublicKey.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RSAPublicKey
+abstract class RSAPublicKey
 {
     // version must be multi if otherPrimeInfos present
     const MAP = [
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ReasonFlags.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ReasonFlags.php
index 4e91a7db..4ba69dfd 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ReasonFlags.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/ReasonFlags.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class ReasonFlags
+abstract class ReasonFlags
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RelativeDistinguishedName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RelativeDistinguishedName.php
index e2c68d81..f9034586 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RelativeDistinguishedName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RelativeDistinguishedName.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RelativeDistinguishedName
+abstract class RelativeDistinguishedName
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SET,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RevokedCertificate.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RevokedCertificate.php
index 3ff69b86..f5b9c02b 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RevokedCertificate.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/RevokedCertificate.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class RevokedCertificate
+abstract class RevokedCertificate
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge.php
index c2134884..b7e3efbd 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge
+abstract class SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectAltName.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectAltName.php
index 633d6784..65ecbf7a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectAltName.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectAltName.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class SubjectAltName
+abstract class SubjectAltName
 {
     const MAP = GeneralNames::MAP;
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectDirectoryAttributes.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectDirectoryAttributes.php
index 1570854c..bba456a6 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectDirectoryAttributes.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectDirectoryAttributes.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class SubjectDirectoryAttributes
+abstract class SubjectDirectoryAttributes
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectPublicKeyInfo.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectPublicKeyInfo.php
index 4f48d69f..2ccd9076 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectPublicKeyInfo.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/SubjectPublicKeyInfo.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class SubjectPublicKeyInfo
+abstract class SubjectPublicKeyInfo
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertList.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertList.php
index 6b87bec0..df9549a3 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertList.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertList.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class TBSCertList
+abstract class TBSCertList
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertificate.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertificate.php
index 5d9bc8fb..b0567446 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertificate.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TBSCertificate.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class TBSCertificate
+abstract class TBSCertificate
 {
     // assert($TBSCertificate['children']['signature'] == $Certificate['children']['signatureAlgorithm'])
     const MAP = [
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TerminalIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TerminalIdentifier.php
index 131779d1..be191dfd 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TerminalIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/TerminalIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class TerminalIdentifier
+abstract class TerminalIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Time.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Time.php
index 258a2fb4..6b1389a3 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Time.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Time.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Time
+abstract class Time
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_CHOICE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UniqueIdentifier.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UniqueIdentifier.php
index 7e088cbf..68e46bab 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UniqueIdentifier.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UniqueIdentifier.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class UniqueIdentifier
+abstract class UniqueIdentifier
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UserNotice.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UserNotice.php
index c0f4a3ea..296670ef 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UserNotice.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/UserNotice.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class UserNotice
+abstract class UserNotice
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Validity.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Validity.php
index 4ee257fd..65199bda 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Validity.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/Validity.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class Validity
+abstract class Validity
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'     => ASN1::TYPE_SEQUENCE,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_ca_policy_url.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_ca_policy_url.php
index 4e69532b..88e3a54a 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_ca_policy_url.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_ca_policy_url.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class netscape_ca_policy_url
+abstract class netscape_ca_policy_url
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_cert_type.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_cert_type.php
index 3d567152..833e40bc 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_cert_type.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_cert_type.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class netscape_cert_type
+abstract class netscape_cert_type
 {
     const MAP = [
         'type'    => ASN1::TYPE_BIT_STRING,
diff --git a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_comment.php b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_comment.php
index 74a74cbd..266d6e76 100644
--- a/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_comment.php
+++ b/phpseclib/File/ASN1/Maps/netscape_comment.php
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use phpseclib\File\ASN1;
  * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
  * @access  public
  */
-class netscape_comment
+abstract class netscape_comment
 {
     const MAP = ['type' => ASN1::TYPE_IA5_STRING];
 }
diff --git a/tests/Unit/File/ASN1Test.php b/tests/Unit/File/ASN1Test.php
index a8d21337..949f4bc8 100644
--- a/tests/Unit/File/ASN1Test.php
+++ b/tests/Unit/File/ASN1Test.php
@@ -75,9 +75,8 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
                '4P3wep6uNMLnLzXJmUaAMaopjE+MOcai/t6T9Vg4pERF5Waqwg5ibAbVGK19HuS4LiKiaY3JsyYBuNkEDwiqM7i1Ekw3V+' .
                '+zoEIxqgXjGgPdrWkzU/H6rnXiqMtiZZqUXwWY0zkCmy';
 
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
-        $result = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $AS_REP);
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
+        $result = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $AS_REP);
 
         $this->assertInternalType('array', $result);
     }
@@ -227,9 +226,8 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
                '4P3wep6uNMLnLzXJmUaAMaopjE+MOcai/t6T9Vg4pERF5Waqwg5ibAbVGK19HuS4LiKiaY3JsyYBuNkEDwiqM7i1Ekw3V+' .
                '+zoEIxqgXjGgPdrWkzU/H6rnXiqMtiZZqUXwWY0zkCmy';
 
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
-        $result = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $AS_REP);
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
+        $result = ASN1::asn1map($decoded[0], $AS_REP);
 
         $this->assertInternalType('array', $result);
     }
@@ -239,8 +237,7 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
      */
     public function testIndefiniteLength()
     {
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER(file_get_contents(dirname(__FILE__) . '/ASN1/FE.pdf.p7m'));
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER(file_get_contents(dirname(__FILE__) . '/ASN1/FE.pdf.p7m'));
         $this->assertCount(5, $decoded[0]['content'][1]['content'][0]['content']); // older versions would have returned 3
     }
 
@@ -264,8 +261,7 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
                'AAOBgQAhrNWuyjSJWsKrUtKyNGadeqvu5nzVfsJcKLt0AMkQH0IT/GmKHiSgAgDp' .
                'ulvKGQSy068Bsn5fFNum21K5mvMSf3yinDtvmX3qUA12IxL/92ZzKbeVCq3Yi7Le' .
                'IOkKcGQRCMha8X2e7GmlpdWC1ycenlbN0nbVeSv3JUMcafC4+Q==';
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER(base64_decode($str));
         $this->assertCount(3, $decoded[0]['content']);
     }
 
@@ -274,8 +270,7 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
      */
     public function testContextSpecificNonConstructed()
     {
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER(base64_decode('MBaAFJtUo7c00HsI5EPZ4bkICfkOY2Pv'));
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER(base64_decode('MBaAFJtUo7c00HsI5EPZ4bkICfkOY2Pv'));
         $this->assertInternalType('string', $decoded[0]['content'][0]['content']);
     }
 
@@ -284,8 +279,7 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
      */
     public function testEmptyContextTag()
     {
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
-        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER("\xa0\x00");
+        $decoded = ASN1::decodeBER("\xa0\x00");
         $this->assertInternalType('array', $decoded);
         $this->assertCount(0, $decoded[0]['content']);
     }
@@ -295,9 +289,8 @@ class Unit_File_ASN1Test extends PhpseclibTestCase
      */
     public function testInfiniteLoop()
     {
-        $asn1 = new ASN1();
         $data = base64_decode('MD6gJQYKKwYBBAGCNxQCA6AXDBVvZmZpY2VAY2VydGRpZ2l0YWwucm+BFW9mZmljZUBjZXJ0ZGlnaXRhbC5ybw==');
-        $asn1->decodeBER($data);
+        ASN1::decodeBER($data);
     }
 
     public function testMaps()