diff --git a/ChangeLog b/ChangeLog
index 915d73f8..7e5962fd 100644
--- a/ChangeLog
+++ b/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+2019-08-24  Jay Berkenbilt  <ejb@ql.org>
+
+	* Add QPDF::userPasswordMatched() and QPDF::ownerPasswordMatched()
+	methods so it can be deterined separately whether the supplied
+	password matched the user password, the owner password, or both.
+	Fixes #159.
+
 2019-08-23  Jay Berkenbilt  <ejb@ql.org>
 
 	* Add --recompress-streams option to qpdf and
diff --git a/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh b/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
index 5fae5a57..c488e0b1 100644
--- a/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
+++ b/include/qpdf/QPDF.hh
@@ -406,6 +406,12 @@ class QPDF
                      encryption_method_e& string_method,
                      encryption_method_e& file_method);
 
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool ownerPasswordMatched() const;
+
+    QPDF_DLL
+    bool userPasswordMatched() const;
+
     // Encryption permissions -- not enforced by QPDF
     QPDF_DLL
     bool allowAccessibility();
@@ -756,6 +762,8 @@ class QPDF
         std::string cached_object_encryption_key;
         int cached_key_objid;
         int cached_key_generation;
+        bool user_password_matched;
+        bool owner_password_matched;
     };
 
     class ForeignStreamData
diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDF.cc b/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
index 1d54ef44..fd661ba0 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDF.cc
@@ -132,7 +132,9 @@ QPDF::EncryptionParameters::EncryptionParameters() :
     cf_string(e_none),
     cf_file(e_none),
     cached_key_objid(0),
-    cached_key_generation(0)
+    cached_key_generation(0),
+    user_password_matched(false),
+    owner_password_matched(false)
 {
 }
 
diff --git a/libqpdf/QPDF_encryption.cc b/libqpdf/QPDF_encryption.cc
index 3b1bb619..5a6735ee 100644
--- a/libqpdf/QPDF_encryption.cc
+++ b/libqpdf/QPDF_encryption.cc
@@ -1041,21 +1041,43 @@ QPDF::initializeEncryption()
     {
         // ignore passwords in file
     }
-    else if (check_owner_password(
-                 this->m->encp->user_password,
-                 this->m->encp->provided_password, data))
-    {
-	// password supplied was owner password; user_password has
-	// been initialized for V < 5
-    }
-    else if (check_user_password(this->m->encp->provided_password, data))
-    {
-	this->m->encp->user_password = this->m->encp->provided_password;
-    }
     else
     {
-	throw QPDFExc(qpdf_e_password, this->m->file->getName(),
-		      "", 0, "invalid password");
+        this->m->encp->owner_password_matched = check_owner_password(
+            this->m->encp->user_password,
+            this->m->encp->provided_password, data);
+        if (this->m->encp->owner_password_matched && (V < 5))
+        {
+            // password supplied was owner password; user_password has
+            // been initialized for V < 5
+            if (getTrimmedUserPassword() == this->m->encp->provided_password)
+            {
+                this->m->encp->user_password_matched = true;
+                QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF_encryption user matches owner V < 5");
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            this->m->encp->user_password_matched = check_user_password(
+                this->m->encp->provided_password, data);
+            if (this->m->encp->user_password_matched)
+            {
+                this->m->encp->user_password =
+                    this->m->encp->provided_password;
+            }
+        }
+        if (this->m->encp->user_password_matched &&
+            this->m->encp->owner_password_matched)
+        {
+            QTC::TC("qpdf", "QPDF_encryption same password",
+                    (V < 5) ? 0 : 1);
+        }
+        if (! (this->m->encp->owner_password_matched ||
+               this->m->encp->user_password_matched))
+        {
+            throw QPDFExc(qpdf_e_password, this->m->file->getName(),
+                          "", 0, "invalid password");
+        }
     }
 
     if (this->m->provided_password_is_hex_key)
@@ -1440,6 +1462,18 @@ QPDF::isEncrypted(int& R, int& P, int& V,
     }
 }
 
+bool
+QPDF::ownerPasswordMatched() const
+{
+    return this->m->encp->owner_password_matched;
+}
+
+bool
+QPDF::userPasswordMatched() const
+{
+    return this->m->encp->user_password_matched;
+}
+
 static bool
 is_bit_set(int P, int bit)
 {
diff --git a/manual/qpdf-manual.xml b/manual/qpdf-manual.xml
index bd861efe..c1ac5e15 100644
--- a/manual/qpdf-manual.xml
+++ b/manual/qpdf-manual.xml
@@ -4579,6 +4579,17 @@ print "\n";
           bytes of the combined contents.
          </para>
         </listitem>
+        <listitem>
+         <para>
+          New methods <function>QPDF::userPasswordMatched</function>
+          and <function>QPDF::ownerPasswordMatched</function> have
+          been added to enable a caller to determine whether the
+          supplied password was the user password, the owner password,
+          or both. This information is also displayed by <command>qpdf
+          --show-encryption</command> and <command>qpdf
+          --check</command>.
+         </para>
+        </listitem>
         <listitem>
          <para>
           Static method
diff --git a/qpdf/qpdf.testcov b/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
index e8e5bf3e..c8ad0bdd 100644
--- a/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
+++ b/qpdf/qpdf.testcov
@@ -442,3 +442,5 @@ QPDFObjectHandle uint returning UINT_MAX 0
 QPDFObjectHandle uint uint returning 0 0
 QPDF xref skipped space 0
 QPDF eof skipping spaces before xref 1
+QPDF_encryption user matches owner V < 5 0
+QPDF_encryption same password 1