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qpdf/examples/pdf-create.cc

374 lines
13 KiB
C++

//
// This is an example of creating a PDF file from scratch. It illustrates use of several QPDF
// operations for creating objects and streams. It also serves as an illustration of how to use
// StreamDataProvider with different types of filters.
//
#include <qpdf/Pl_Buffer.hh>
#include <qpdf/Pl_DCT.hh>
#include <qpdf/Pl_RunLength.hh>
#include <qpdf/QIntC.hh>
#include <qpdf/QPDF.hh>
#include <qpdf/QPDFObjectHandle.hh>
#include <qpdf/QPDFPageDocumentHelper.hh>
#include <qpdf/QPDFWriter.hh>
#include <qpdf/QUtil.hh>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
static char const* whoami = nullptr;
// This is a simple StreamDataProvider that writes image data for an orange square of the given
// width and height.
class ImageProvider: public QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider
{
public:
ImageProvider(std::string const& color_space, std::string const& filter);
~ImageProvider() override = default;
void provideStreamData(QPDFObjGen const&, Pipeline* pipeline) override;
size_t getWidth() const;
size_t getHeight() const;
private:
size_t width{400};
size_t stripe_height{80};
std::string color_space;
std::string filter;
size_t n_stripes{6};
std::vector<std::string> stripes;
J_COLOR_SPACE j_color_space{JCS_UNKNOWN};
};
ImageProvider::ImageProvider(std::string const& color_space, std::string const& filter) :
color_space(color_space),
filter(filter)
{
if (color_space == "/DeviceCMYK") {
j_color_space = JCS_CMYK;
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\x00\x00\x00", 4);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\xff\x00\x00", 4);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\x00\xff\x00", 4);
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\x00\xff\x00", 4);
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\xff\x00\x00", 4);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\x00\x00\xff", 4);
} else if (color_space == "/DeviceRGB") {
j_color_space = JCS_RGB;
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\x00\x00", 3);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\xff\x00", 3);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\x00\xff", 3);
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\x00\xff", 3);
stripes.emplace_back("\xff\xff\x00", 3);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00\x00\x00", 3);
} else if (color_space == "/DeviceGray") {
j_color_space = JCS_GRAYSCALE;
stripes.emplace_back("\xee", 1);
stripes.emplace_back("\xcc", 1);
stripes.emplace_back("\x99", 1);
stripes.emplace_back("\x66", 1);
stripes.emplace_back("\x33", 1);
stripes.emplace_back("\x00", 1);
}
}
size_t
ImageProvider::getWidth() const
{
return width;
}
size_t
ImageProvider::getHeight() const
{
return stripe_height * n_stripes;
}
void
ImageProvider::provideStreamData(QPDFObjGen const&, Pipeline* pipeline)
{
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Pipeline>> to_delete;
Pipeline* p = pipeline;
std::shared_ptr<Pipeline> p_new;
if (filter == "/DCTDecode") {
p_new = std::make_shared<Pl_DCT>(
"image encoder",
pipeline,
QIntC::to_uint(width),
QIntC::to_uint(getHeight()),
QIntC::to_int(stripes[0].length()),
j_color_space);
to_delete.push_back(p_new);
p = p_new.get();
} else if (filter == "/RunLengthDecode") {
p_new = std::make_shared<Pl_RunLength>("image encoder", pipeline, Pl_RunLength::a_encode);
to_delete.push_back(p_new);
p = p_new.get();
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < n_stripes; ++i) {
for (size_t j = 0; j < width * stripe_height; ++j) {
p->writeString(stripes[i]);
}
}
p->finish();
}
void
usage()
{
std::cerr << "Usage: " << whoami << " filename" << std::endl
<< "Creates a simple PDF and writes it to filename" << std::endl;
exit(2);
}
static QPDFObjectHandle
createPageContents(QPDF& pdf, std::string const& text)
{
// Create a stream that displays our image and the given text in our font.
std::string contents = "BT /F1 24 Tf 72 320 Td (" + text +
") Tj ET\n"
"q 244 0 0 144 184 100 cm /Im1 Do Q\n";
return pdf.newStream(contents);
}
QPDFObjectHandle
newName(std::string const& name)
{
return QPDFObjectHandle::newName(name);
}
QPDFObjectHandle
newInteger(size_t val)
{
return QPDFObjectHandle::newInteger(QIntC::to_int(val));
}
void
add_page(
QPDFPageDocumentHelper& dh,
QPDFObjectHandle font,
std::string const& color_space,
std::string const& filter)
{
QPDF& pdf(dh.getQPDF());
// Create a stream to encode our image. QPDFWriter will fill in the length and will respect our
// filters based on stream data mode. Since we are not specifying, QPDFWriter will compress with
// /FlateDecode if we don't provide any other form of compression.
auto* p = new ImageProvider(color_space, filter);
std::shared_ptr<QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider> provider(p);
size_t width = p->getWidth();
size_t height = p->getHeight();
QPDFObjectHandle image = pdf.newStream();
auto image_dict =
// line-break
"<<"
" /Type /XObject"
" /Subtype /Image"
" /BitsPerComponent 8"
">>"_qpdf;
image_dict.replaceKey("/ColorSpace", newName(color_space));
image_dict.replaceKey("/Width", newInteger(width));
image_dict.replaceKey("/Height", newInteger(height));
image.replaceDict(image_dict);
// Provide the stream data.
image.replaceStreamData(provider, QPDFObjectHandle::parse(filter), QPDFObjectHandle::newNull());
// Create direct objects as needed by the page dictionary.
QPDFObjectHandle procset = "[/PDF /Text /ImageC]"_qpdf;
QPDFObjectHandle rfont = QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary();
rfont.replaceKey("/F1", font);
QPDFObjectHandle xobject = QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary();
xobject.replaceKey("/Im1", image);
QPDFObjectHandle resources = QPDFObjectHandle::newDictionary();
resources.replaceKey("/ProcSet", procset);
resources.replaceKey("/Font", rfont);
resources.replaceKey("/XObject", xobject);
// Create the page content stream
QPDFObjectHandle contents = createPageContents(pdf, color_space + " with filter " + filter);
// Create the page dictionary
QPDFObjectHandle page = pdf.makeIndirectObject("<<"
" /Type /Page"
" /MediaBox [0 0 612 392]"
">>"_qpdf);
page.replaceKey("/Contents", contents);
page.replaceKey("/Resources", resources);
// Add the page to the PDF file
dh.addPage(page, false);
}
static void
check(
char const* filename,
std::vector<std::string> const& color_spaces,
std::vector<std::string> const& filters)
{
// Each stream is compressed the way it is supposed to be. We will add additional tests in
// qpdf.test to exercise QPDFWriter more fully. In this case, we want to make sure that we
// actually have RunLengthDecode and DCTDecode where we are supposed to and FlateDecode where we
// provided no filters.
// Each image is correct. For non-lossy image compression, the uncompressed image data should
// exactly match what ImageProvider provided. For the DCTDecode data, allow for some fuzz to
// handle jpeg compression as well as its variance on different systems.
// These tests should use QPDFObjectHandle's stream data retrieval methods, but don't try to
// fully exercise them here. That is done elsewhere.
size_t n_color_spaces = color_spaces.size();
size_t n_filters = filters.size();
QPDF pdf;
pdf.processFile(filename);
auto pages = QPDFPageDocumentHelper(pdf).getAllPages();
if (n_color_spaces * n_filters != pages.size()) {
throw std::logic_error("incorrect number of pages");
}
size_t pageno = 1;
bool errors = false;
for (auto& page: pages) {
auto images = page.getImages();
if (images.size() != 1) {
throw std::logic_error("incorrect number of images on page");
}
// Check filter and color space.
std::string desired_color_space = color_spaces[(pageno - 1) / n_color_spaces];
std::string desired_filter = filters[(pageno - 1) % n_filters];
// In the default mode, QPDFWriter will compress with /FlateDecode if no filters are
// provided.
if (desired_filter == "null") {
desired_filter = "/FlateDecode";
}
QPDFObjectHandle image = images.begin()->second;
QPDFObjectHandle image_dict = image.getDict();
QPDFObjectHandle color_space = image_dict.getKey("/ColorSpace");
QPDFObjectHandle filter = image_dict.getKey("/Filter");
bool this_errors = false;
if (!filter.isNameAndEquals(desired_filter)) {
this_errors = errors = true;
std::cout << "page " << pageno << ": expected filter " << desired_filter
<< "; actual filter = " << filter.unparse() << std::endl;
}
if (!color_space.isNameAndEquals(desired_color_space)) {
this_errors = errors = true;
std::cout << "page " << pageno << ": expected color space " << desired_color_space
<< "; actual color space = " << color_space.unparse() << std::endl;
}
if (!this_errors) {
// Check image data
auto actual_data = image.getStreamData(qpdf_dl_all);
auto* p = new ImageProvider(desired_color_space, "null");
std::shared_ptr<QPDFObjectHandle::StreamDataProvider> provider(p);
Pl_Buffer b_p("get image data");
provider->provideStreamData(QPDFObjGen(), &b_p);
std::shared_ptr<Buffer> desired_data(b_p.getBuffer());
if (desired_data->getSize() != actual_data->getSize()) {
std::cout << "page " << pageno << ": image data length mismatch" << std::endl;
this_errors = errors = true;
} else {
// Compare bytes. For JPEG, allow a certain number of the bytes to be off desired by
// more than a given tolerance. Any of the samples may be a little off because of
// lossy compression, and around sharp edges, things can be quite off. For non-lossy
// compression, do not allow any tolerance.
unsigned char const* actual_bytes = actual_data->getBuffer();
unsigned char const* desired_bytes = desired_data->getBuffer();
size_t len = actual_data->getSize();
unsigned int mismatches = 0;
int tolerance = (desired_filter == "/DCTDecode" ? 10 : 0);
size_t threshold = (desired_filter == "/DCTDecode" ? len / 40U : 0);
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
int delta = actual_bytes[i] - desired_bytes[i];
if ((delta > tolerance) || (delta < -tolerance)) {
++mismatches;
}
}
if (mismatches > threshold) {
std::cout << "page " << pageno << ": " << desired_color_space << ", "
<< desired_filter << ": mismatches: " << mismatches << " of " << len
<< std::endl;
this_errors = errors = true;
}
}
}
++pageno;
}
if (errors) {
throw std::logic_error("errors found");
} else {
std::cout << "all checks passed" << std::endl;
}
}
static void
create_pdf(char const* filename)
{
QPDF pdf;
// Start with an empty PDF that has no pages or non-required objects.
pdf.emptyPDF();
// Add an indirect object to contain a font descriptor for the built-in Helvetica font.
QPDFObjectHandle font = pdf.makeIndirectObject(
// line-break
"<<"
" /Type /Font"
" /Subtype /Type1"
" /Name /F1"
" /BaseFont /Helvetica"
" /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding"
">>"_qpdf);
std::vector<std::string> color_spaces;
color_spaces.emplace_back("/DeviceCMYK");
color_spaces.emplace_back("/DeviceRGB");
color_spaces.emplace_back("/DeviceGray");
std::vector<std::string> filters;
filters.emplace_back("null");
filters.emplace_back("/DCTDecode");
filters.emplace_back("/RunLengthDecode");
QPDFPageDocumentHelper dh(pdf);
for (auto const& color_space: color_spaces) {
for (auto const& filter: filters) {
add_page(dh, font, color_space, filter);
}
}
QPDFWriter w(pdf, filename);
w.write();
// For test suite, verify that everything is the way it is supposed to be.
check(filename, color_spaces, filters);
}
int
main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
whoami = QUtil::getWhoami(argv[0]);
if (argc != 2) {
usage();
}
char const* filename = argv[1];
try {
create_pdf(filename);
} catch (std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
exit(2);
}
return 0;
}