qpdf/include/qpdf/QIntC.hh

// Copyright (c) 2005-2023 Jay Berkenbilt
//
// This file is part of qpdf.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Versions of qpdf prior to version 7 were released under the terms
// of version 2.0 of the Artistic License. At your option, you may
// continue to consider qpdf to be licensed under those terms. Please
// see the manual for additional information.

#ifndef QINTC_HH
#define QINTC_HH

#include <qpdf/DLL.h>
#include <qpdf/Types.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <locale>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <type_traits>

// This namespace provides safe integer conversion that detects
// overflows. It uses short, cryptic names for brevity.

namespace QIntC // QIntC = qpdf Integer Conversion
{
    // to_u is here for backward-compatibility from before we required
    // C++-11.
    template <typename T>
    class to_u
    {
      public:
        typedef typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type type;
    };

    // Basic IntConverter class, which converts an integer from the
    // From class to one of the To class if it can be done safely and
    // throws a range_error otherwise. This class is specialized for
    // each permutation of signed/unsigned for the From and To
    // classes.
    template <
        typename From,
        typename To,
        bool From_signed = std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed,
        bool To_signed = std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed>
    class IntConverter
    {
    };

    template <typename From, typename To>
    class IntConverter<From, To, false, false>
    {
      public:
        inline static To
        convert(From const& i)
        {
            // From and To are both unsigned.
            if (i > std::numeric_limits<To>::max()) {
                error(i);
            }
            return static_cast<To>(i);
        }

        static void
        error(From i)
        {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "integer out of range converting " << i << " from a " << sizeof(From)
                << "-byte unsigned type to a " << sizeof(To) << "-byte unsigned type";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    };

    template <typename From, typename To>
    class IntConverter<From, To, true, true>
    {
      public:
        inline static To
        convert(From const& i)
        {
            // From and To are both signed.
            if ((i < std::numeric_limits<To>::min()) || (i > std::numeric_limits<To>::max())) {
                error(i);
            }
            return static_cast<To>(i);
        }

        static void
        error(From i)
        {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "integer out of range converting " << i << " from a " << sizeof(From)
                << "-byte signed type to a " << sizeof(To) << "-byte signed type";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    };

    template <typename From, typename To>
    class IntConverter<From, To, true, false>
    {
      public:
        inline static To
        convert(From const& i)
        {
            // From is signed, and To is unsigned. If i > 0, it's safe to
            // convert it to the corresponding unsigned type and to
            // compare with To's max.
            auto ii = static_cast<typename to_u<From>::type>(i);
            if ((i < 0) || (ii > std::numeric_limits<To>::max())) {
                error(i);
            }
            return static_cast<To>(i);
        }

        static void
        error(From i)
        {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "integer out of range converting " << i << " from a " << sizeof(From)
                << "-byte signed type to a " << sizeof(To) << "-byte unsigned type";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    };

    template <typename From, typename To>
    class IntConverter<From, To, false, true>
    {
      public:
        inline static To
        convert(From const& i)
        {
            // From is unsigned, and to is signed. Convert To's max to the
            // unsigned version of To and compare i against that.
            auto maxval = static_cast<typename to_u<To>::type>(std::numeric_limits<To>::max());
            if (i > maxval) {
                error(i);
            }
            return static_cast<To>(i);
        }

        static void
        error(From i)
        {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "integer out of range converting " << i << " from a " << sizeof(From)
                << "-byte unsigned type to a " << sizeof(To) << "-byte signed type";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    };

    // Specific converters. The return type of each function must match
    // the second template parameter to IntConverter.
    template <typename T>
    inline char
    to_char(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, char>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline unsigned char
    to_uchar(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, unsigned char>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline short
    to_short(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, short>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline unsigned short
    to_ushort(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, unsigned short>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline int
    to_int(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, int>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline unsigned int
    to_uint(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, unsigned int>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline size_t
    to_size(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, size_t>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline qpdf_offset_t
    to_offset(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, qpdf_offset_t>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline long
    to_long(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, long>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline unsigned long
    to_ulong(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, unsigned long>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline long long
    to_longlong(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, long long>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline unsigned long long
    to_ulonglong(T const& i)
    {
        return IntConverter<T, unsigned long long>::convert(i);
    }

    template <typename T>
    void
    range_check_error(T const& cur, T const& delta)
    {
        if ((delta > 0) && ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max() - cur) < delta)) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "adding " << delta << " to " << cur << " would cause an integer overflow";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        } else if ((delta < 0) && ((std::numeric_limits<T>::min() - cur) > delta)) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "adding " << delta << " to " << cur << " would cause an integer underflow";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline void
    range_check(T const& cur, T const& delta)
    {
        if ((delta > 0) != (cur > 0)) {
            return;
        }
        QIntC::range_check_error<T>(cur, delta);
    }

    template <typename T>
    void
    range_check_substract_error(T const& cur, T const& delta)
    {
        if ((delta > 0) && ((std::numeric_limits<T>::min() + delta) > cur)) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "subtracting " << delta << " from " << cur
                << " would cause an integer underflow";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        } else if ((delta < 0) && ((std::numeric_limits<T>::max() + delta) < cur)) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg.imbue(std::locale::classic());
            msg << "subtracting " << delta << " from " << cur << " would cause an integer overflow";
            throw std::range_error(msg.str());
        }
    }

    template <typename T>
    inline void
    range_check_substract(T const& cur, T const& delta)
    {
        if ((delta >= 0) == (cur >= 0)) {
            return;
        }
        QIntC::range_check_substract_error<T>(cur, delta);
    }
}; // namespace QIntC

#endif // QINTC_HH