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qpdf/libqpdf/QUtil.cc

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// Include qpdf-config.h first so off_t is guaranteed to have the right size.
#include <qpdf/qpdf-config.h>
#include <qpdf/QUtil.hh>
#include <qpdf/CryptoRandomDataProvider.hh>
#include <qpdf/Pipeline.hh>
#include <qpdf/QIntC.hh>
#include <qpdf/QPDFSystemError.hh>
#include <qpdf/QTC.hh>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <regex>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#ifndef QPDF_NO_WCHAR_T
# include <cwchar>
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
# include <direct.h>
# include <io.h>
# include <windows.h>
#else
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_INFO
# include <malloc.h>
#endif
// First element is 24
static unsigned short pdf_doc_low_to_unicode[] = {
0x02d8, // 0x18 BREVE
0x02c7, // 0x19 CARON
0x02c6, // 0x1a MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
0x02d9, // 0x1b DOT ABOVE
0x02dd, // 0x1c DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT
0x02db, // 0x1d OGONEK
0x02da, // 0x1e RING ABOVE
0x02dc, // 0x1f SMALL TILDE
};
// First element is 127
static unsigned short pdf_doc_to_unicode[] = {
0xfffd, // 0x7f UNDEFINED
0x2022, // 0x80 BULLET
0x2020, // 0x81 DAGGER
0x2021, // 0x82 DOUBLE DAGGER
0x2026, // 0x83 HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
0x2014, // 0x84 EM DASH
0x2013, // 0x85 EN DASH
0x0192, // 0x86 SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK
0x2044, // 0x87 FRACTION SLASH (solidus)
0x2039, // 0x88 SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
0x203a, // 0x89 SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
0x2212, // 0x8a MINUS SIGN
0x2030, // 0x8b PER MILLE SIGN
0x201e, // 0x8c DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (quotedblbase)
0x201c, // 0x8d LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (double quote left)
0x201d, // 0x8e RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (quotedblright)
0x2018, // 0x8f LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (quoteleft)
0x2019, // 0x90 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (quoteright)
0x201a, // 0x91 SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (quotesinglbase)
0x2122, // 0x92 TRADE MARK SIGN
0xfb01, // 0x93 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI
0xfb02, // 0x94 LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL
0x0141, // 0x95 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE
0x0152, // 0x96 LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE
0x0160, // 0x97 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON
0x0178, // 0x98 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
0x017d, // 0x99 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON
0x0131, // 0x9a LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I
0x0142, // 0x9b LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE
0x0153, // 0x9c LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
0x0161, // 0x9d LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON
0x017e, // 0x9e LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
0xfffd, // 0x9f UNDEFINED
0x20ac, // 0xa0 EURO SIGN
};
static unsigned short win_ansi_to_unicode[] = {
0x20ac, // 0x80
0xfffd, // 0x81
0x201a, // 0x82
0x0192, // 0x83
0x201e, // 0x84
0x2026, // 0x85
0x2020, // 0x86
0x2021, // 0x87
0x02c6, // 0x88
0x2030, // 0x89
0x0160, // 0x8a
0x2039, // 0x8b
0x0152, // 0x8c
0xfffd, // 0x8d
0x017d, // 0x8e
0xfffd, // 0x8f
0xfffd, // 0x90
0x2018, // 0x91
0x2019, // 0x92
0x201c, // 0x93
0x201d, // 0x94
0x2022, // 0x95
0x2013, // 0x96
0x2014, // 0x97
0x0303, // 0x98
0x2122, // 0x99
0x0161, // 0x9a
0x203a, // 0x9b
0x0153, // 0x9c
0xfffd, // 0x9d
0x017e, // 0x9e
0x0178, // 0x9f
0x00a0, // 0xa0
};
static unsigned short mac_roman_to_unicode[] = {
0x00c4, // 0x80
0x00c5, // 0x81
0x00c7, // 0x82
0x00c9, // 0x83
0x00d1, // 0x84
0x00d6, // 0x85
0x00dc, // 0x86
0x00e1, // 0x87
0x00e0, // 0x88
0x00e2, // 0x89
0x00e4, // 0x8a
0x00e3, // 0x8b
0x00e5, // 0x8c
0x00e7, // 0x8d
0x00e9, // 0x8e
0x00e8, // 0x8f
0x00ea, // 0x90
0x00eb, // 0x91
0x00ed, // 0x92
0x00ec, // 0x93
0x00ee, // 0x94
0x00ef, // 0x95
0x00f1, // 0x96
0x00f3, // 0x97
0x00f2, // 0x98
0x00f4, // 0x99
0x00f6, // 0x9a
0x00f5, // 0x9b
0x00fa, // 0x9c
0x00f9, // 0x9d
0x00fb, // 0x9e
0x00fc, // 0x9f
0x2020, // 0xa0
0x00b0, // 0xa1
0x00a2, // 0xa2
0x00a3, // 0xa3
0x00a7, // 0xa4
0x2022, // 0xa5
0x00b6, // 0xa6
0x00df, // 0xa7
0x00ae, // 0xa8
0x00a9, // 0xa9
0x2122, // 0xaa
0x0301, // 0xab
0x0308, // 0xac
0xfffd, // 0xad
0x00c6, // 0xae
0x00d8, // 0xaf
0xfffd, // 0xb0
0x00b1, // 0xb1
0xfffd, // 0xb2
0xfffd, // 0xb3
0x00a5, // 0xb4
0x03bc, // 0xb5
0xfffd, // 0xb6
0xfffd, // 0xb7
0xfffd, // 0xb8
0xfffd, // 0xb9
0xfffd, // 0xba
0x1d43, // 0xbb
0x1d52, // 0xbc
0xfffd, // 0xbd
0x00e6, // 0xbe
0x00f8, // 0xbf
0x00bf, // 0xc0
0x00a1, // 0xc1
0x00ac, // 0xc2
0xfffd, // 0xc3
0x0192, // 0xc4
0xfffd, // 0xc5
0xfffd, // 0xc6
0x00ab, // 0xc7
0x00bb, // 0xc8
0x2026, // 0xc9
0xfffd, // 0xca
0x00c0, // 0xcb
0x00c3, // 0xcc
0x00d5, // 0xcd
0x0152, // 0xce
0x0153, // 0xcf
0x2013, // 0xd0
0x2014, // 0xd1
0x201c, // 0xd2
0x201d, // 0xd3
0x2018, // 0xd4
0x2019, // 0xd5
0x00f7, // 0xd6
0xfffd, // 0xd7
0x00ff, // 0xd8
0x0178, // 0xd9
0x2044, // 0xda
0x00a4, // 0xdb
0x2039, // 0xdc
0x203a, // 0xdd
0xfb01, // 0xde
0xfb02, // 0xdf
0x2021, // 0xe0
0x00b7, // 0xe1
0x201a, // 0xe2
0x201e, // 0xe3
0x2030, // 0xe4
0x00c2, // 0xe5
0x00ca, // 0xe6
0x00c1, // 0xe7
0x00cb, // 0xe8
0x00c8, // 0xe9
0x00cd, // 0xea
0x00ce, // 0xeb
0x00cf, // 0xec
0x00cc, // 0xed
0x00d3, // 0xee
0x00d4, // 0xef
0xfffd, // 0xf0
0x00d2, // 0xf1
0x00da, // 0xf2
0x00db, // 0xf3
0x00d9, // 0xf4
0x0131, // 0xf5
0x02c6, // 0xf6
0x0303, // 0xf7
0x0304, // 0xf8
0x0306, // 0xf9
0x0307, // 0xfa
0x030a, // 0xfb
0x0327, // 0xfc
0x030b, // 0xfd
0x0328, // 0xfe
0x02c7, // 0xff
};
static std::map<unsigned long, unsigned char> unicode_to_win_ansi = {
{0x20ac, 0x80}, {0x201a, 0x82}, {0x192, 0x83}, {0x201e, 0x84}, {0x2026, 0x85}, {0x2020, 0x86},
{0x2021, 0x87}, {0x2c6, 0x88}, {0x2030, 0x89}, {0x160, 0x8a}, {0x2039, 0x8b}, {0x152, 0x8c},
{0x17d, 0x8e}, {0x2018, 0x91}, {0x2019, 0x92}, {0x201c, 0x93}, {0x201d, 0x94}, {0x2022, 0x95},
{0x2013, 0x96}, {0x2014, 0x97}, {0x303, 0x98}, {0x2122, 0x99}, {0x161, 0x9a}, {0x203a, 0x9b},
{0x153, 0x9c}, {0x17e, 0x9e}, {0x178, 0x9f}, {0xa0, 0xa0},
};
static std::map<unsigned long, unsigned char> unicode_to_mac_roman = {
{0xc4, 0x80}, {0xc5, 0x81}, {0xc7, 0x82}, {0xc9, 0x83}, {0xd1, 0x84}, {0xd6, 0x85},
{0xdc, 0x86}, {0xe1, 0x87}, {0xe0, 0x88}, {0xe2, 0x89}, {0xe4, 0x8a}, {0xe3, 0x8b},
{0xe5, 0x8c}, {0xe7, 0x8d}, {0xe9, 0x8e}, {0xe8, 0x8f}, {0xea, 0x90}, {0xeb, 0x91},
{0xed, 0x92}, {0xec, 0x93}, {0xee, 0x94}, {0xef, 0x95}, {0xf1, 0x96}, {0xf3, 0x97},
{0xf2, 0x98}, {0xf4, 0x99}, {0xf6, 0x9a}, {0xf5, 0x9b}, {0xfa, 0x9c}, {0xf9, 0x9d},
{0xfb, 0x9e}, {0xfc, 0x9f}, {0x2020, 0xa0}, {0xb0, 0xa1}, {0xa2, 0xa2}, {0xa3, 0xa3},
{0xa7, 0xa4}, {0x2022, 0xa5}, {0xb6, 0xa6}, {0xdf, 0xa7}, {0xae, 0xa8}, {0xa9, 0xa9},
{0x2122, 0xaa}, {0x301, 0xab}, {0x308, 0xac}, {0xc6, 0xae}, {0xd8, 0xaf}, {0xb1, 0xb1},
{0xa5, 0xb4}, {0x3bc, 0xb5}, {0x1d43, 0xbb}, {0x1d52, 0xbc}, {0xe6, 0xbe}, {0xf8, 0xbf},
{0xbf, 0xc0}, {0xa1, 0xc1}, {0xac, 0xc2}, {0x192, 0xc4}, {0xab, 0xc7}, {0xbb, 0xc8},
{0x2026, 0xc9}, {0xc0, 0xcb}, {0xc3, 0xcc}, {0xd5, 0xcd}, {0x152, 0xce}, {0x153, 0xcf},
{0x2013, 0xd0}, {0x2014, 0xd1}, {0x201c, 0xd2}, {0x201d, 0xd3}, {0x2018, 0xd4}, {0x2019, 0xd5},
{0xf7, 0xd6}, {0xff, 0xd8}, {0x178, 0xd9}, {0x2044, 0xda}, {0xa4, 0xdb}, {0x2039, 0xdc},
{0x203a, 0xdd}, {0xfb01, 0xde}, {0xfb02, 0xdf}, {0x2021, 0xe0}, {0xb7, 0xe1}, {0x201a, 0xe2},
{0x201e, 0xe3}, {0x2030, 0xe4}, {0xc2, 0xe5}, {0xca, 0xe6}, {0xc1, 0xe7}, {0xcb, 0xe8},
{0xc8, 0xe9}, {0xcd, 0xea}, {0xce, 0xeb}, {0xcf, 0xec}, {0xcc, 0xed}, {0xd3, 0xee},
{0xd4, 0xef}, {0xd2, 0xf1}, {0xda, 0xf2}, {0xdb, 0xf3}, {0xd9, 0xf4}, {0x131, 0xf5},
{0x2c6, 0xf6}, {0x303, 0xf7}, {0x304, 0xf8}, {0x306, 0xf9}, {0x307, 0xfa}, {0x30a, 0xfb},
{0x327, 0xfc}, {0x30b, 0xfd}, {0x328, 0xfe}, {0x2c7, 0xff},
};
static std::map<unsigned long, unsigned char> unicode_to_pdf_doc = {
{0x02d8, 0x18}, {0x02c7, 0x19}, {0x02c6, 0x1a}, {0x02d9, 0x1b}, {0x02dd, 0x1c}, {0x02db, 0x1d},
{0x02da, 0x1e}, {0x02dc, 0x1f}, {0x2022, 0x80}, {0x2020, 0x81}, {0x2021, 0x82}, {0x2026, 0x83},
{0x2014, 0x84}, {0x2013, 0x85}, {0x0192, 0x86}, {0x2044, 0x87}, {0x2039, 0x88}, {0x203a, 0x89},
{0x2212, 0x8a}, {0x2030, 0x8b}, {0x201e, 0x8c}, {0x201c, 0x8d}, {0x201d, 0x8e}, {0x2018, 0x8f},
{0x2019, 0x90}, {0x201a, 0x91}, {0x2122, 0x92}, {0xfb01, 0x93}, {0xfb02, 0x94}, {0x0141, 0x95},
{0x0152, 0x96}, {0x0160, 0x97}, {0x0178, 0x98}, {0x017d, 0x99}, {0x0131, 0x9a}, {0x0142, 0x9b},
{0x0153, 0x9c}, {0x0161, 0x9d}, {0x017e, 0x9e}, {0xfffd, 0x9f}, {0x20ac, 0xa0},
};
template <typename T>
static std::string
int_to_string_base_internal(T num, int base, int length)
{
// Backward compatibility -- int_to_string, which calls this function, used to use sprintf with
// %0*d, so we interpret length such that a negative value appends spaces and a positive value
// prepends zeroes.
if (!((base == 8) || (base == 10) || (base == 16))) {
throw std::logic_error("int_to_string_base called with unsupported base");
}
std::string cvt;
if (base == 10) {
// Use the more efficient std::to_string when possible
cvt = std::to_string(num);
} else {
std::ostringstream buf;
buf.imbue(std::locale::classic());
buf << std::setbase(base) << std::nouppercase << num;
cvt = buf.str();
}
std::string result;
int str_length = QIntC::to_int(cvt.length());
if ((length > 0) && (str_length < length)) {
result.append(QIntC::to_size(length - str_length), '0');
}
result += cvt;
if ((length < 0) && (str_length < -length)) {
result.append(QIntC::to_size(-length - str_length), ' ');
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::int_to_string(long long num, int length)
{
return int_to_string_base(num, 10, length);
}
std::string
QUtil::uint_to_string(unsigned long long num, int length)
{
return uint_to_string_base(num, 10, length);
}
std::string
QUtil::int_to_string_base(long long num, int base, int length)
{
return int_to_string_base_internal(num, base, length);
}
std::string
QUtil::uint_to_string_base(unsigned long long num, int base, int length)
{
return int_to_string_base_internal(num, base, length);
}
std::string
QUtil::double_to_string(double num, int decimal_places, bool trim_trailing_zeroes)
{
// Backward compatibility -- this code used to use sprintf and treated decimal_places <= 0 to
// mean to use the default, which was six decimal places. Starting in 10.2, we trim trailing
// zeroes by default.
if (decimal_places <= 0) {
decimal_places = 6;
}
std::ostringstream buf;
buf.imbue(std::locale::classic());
buf << std::setprecision(decimal_places) << std::fixed << num;
std::string result = buf.str();
if (trim_trailing_zeroes) {
while ((result.length() > 1) && (result.back() == '0')) {
result.pop_back();
}
if ((result.length() > 1) && (result.back() == '.')) {
result.pop_back();
}
}
return result;
}
long long
QUtil::string_to_ll(char const* str)
{
errno = 0;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
long long result = _strtoi64(str, 0, 10);
#else
long long result = strtoll(str, nullptr, 10);
#endif
if (errno == ERANGE) {
throw std::range_error(
std::string("overflow/underflow converting ") + str + " to 64-bit integer");
}
return result;
}
int
QUtil::string_to_int(char const* str)
{
// QIntC::to_int does range checking
return QIntC::to_int(string_to_ll(str));
}
unsigned long long
QUtil::string_to_ull(char const* str)
{
char const* p = str;
while (*p && is_space(*p)) {
++p;
}
if (*p == '-') {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("underflow converting ") + str + " to 64-bit unsigned integer");
}
errno = 0;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
unsigned long long result = _strtoui64(str, 0, 10);
#else
unsigned long long result = strtoull(str, nullptr, 10);
#endif
if (errno == ERANGE) {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("overflow converting ") + str + " to 64-bit unsigned integer");
}
return result;
}
unsigned int
QUtil::string_to_uint(char const* str)
{
// QIntC::to_uint does range checking
return QIntC::to_uint(string_to_ull(str));
}
bool
QUtil::is_long_long(char const* str)
{
try {
auto i1 = string_to_ll(str);
std::string s1 = int_to_string(i1);
return str == s1;
} catch (std::exception&) {
// overflow or other error
}
return false;
}
unsigned char*
QUtil::unsigned_char_pointer(std::string const& str)
{
return reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(const_cast<char*>(str.c_str()));
}
unsigned char*
QUtil::unsigned_char_pointer(char const* str)
{
return reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(const_cast<char*>(str));
}
void
QUtil::throw_system_error(std::string const& description)
{
throw QPDFSystemError(description, errno);
}
int
QUtil::os_wrapper(std::string const& description, int status)
{
if (status == -1) {
throw_system_error(description);
}
return status;
}
#ifdef _WIN32
static std::shared_ptr<wchar_t>
win_convert_filename(char const* filename)
{
// Convert the utf-8 encoded filename argument to wchar_t*. First,
// convert to utf16, then to wchar_t*. Note that u16 will start
// with the UTF16 marker, which we skip.
std::string u16 = QUtil::utf8_to_utf16(filename);
size_t len = u16.length();
size_t wlen = (len / 2) - 1;
auto wfilenamep = QUtil::make_shared_array<wchar_t>(wlen + 1);
wchar_t* wfilename = wfilenamep.get();
wfilename[wlen] = 0;
for (unsigned int i = 2; i < len; i += 2) {
wfilename[(i / 2) - 1] = static_cast<wchar_t>(
(static_cast<unsigned char>(u16.at(i)) << 8) +
static_cast<unsigned char>(u16.at(i + 1)));
}
return wfilenamep;
}
#endif
FILE*
QUtil::safe_fopen(char const* filename, char const* mode)
{
FILE* f = nullptr;
#ifdef _WIN32
std::shared_ptr<wchar_t> wfilenamep = win_convert_filename(filename);
wchar_t* wfilename = wfilenamep.get();
auto wmodep = QUtil::make_shared_array<wchar_t>(strlen(mode) + 1);
wchar_t* wmode = wmodep.get();
wmode[strlen(mode)] = 0;
for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(mode); ++i) {
wmode[i] = static_cast<wchar_t>(mode[i]);
}
# ifdef _MSC_VER
errno_t err = _wfopen_s(&f, wfilename, wmode);
if (err != 0) {
errno = err;
}
# else
f = _wfopen(wfilename, wmode);
# endif
if (f == 0) {
throw_system_error(std::string("open ") + filename);
}
#else
f = fopen_wrapper(std::string("open ") + filename, fopen(filename, mode));
#endif
return f;
}
FILE*
QUtil::fopen_wrapper(std::string const& description, FILE* f)
{
if (f == nullptr) {
throw_system_error(description);
}
return f;
}
bool
QUtil::file_can_be_opened(char const* filename)
{
try {
fclose(safe_fopen(filename, "rb"));
return true;
} catch (std::runtime_error&) {
// can't open the file
}
return false;
}
int
QUtil::seek(FILE* stream, qpdf_offset_t offset, int whence)
{
#if HAVE_FSEEKO
return fseeko(stream, QIntC::IntConverter<qpdf_offset_t, off_t>::convert(offset), whence);
#elif HAVE_FSEEKO64
return fseeko64(stream, offset, whence);
#else
# if defined _MSC_VER || defined __BORLANDC__
return _fseeki64(stream, offset, whence);
# else
return fseek(stream, QIntC::to_long(offset), whence);
# endif
#endif
}
qpdf_offset_t
QUtil::tell(FILE* stream)
{
#if HAVE_FSEEKO
return QIntC::to_offset(ftello(stream));
#elif HAVE_FSEEKO64
return QIntC::to_offset(ftello64(stream));
#else
# if defined _MSC_VER || defined __BORLANDC__
return _ftelli64(stream);
# else
return QIntC::to_offset(ftell(stream));
# endif
#endif
}
bool
QUtil::same_file(char const* name1, char const* name2)
{
if ((name1 == nullptr) || (strlen(name1) == 0) || (name2 == nullptr) || (strlen(name2) == 0)) {
return false;
}
#ifdef _WIN32
bool same = false;
# ifndef AVOID_WINDOWS_HANDLE
HANDLE fh1 = CreateFile(
name1, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
HANDLE fh2 = CreateFile(
name2, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fi1;
BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fi2;
if ((fh1 != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) && (fh2 != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) &&
GetFileInformationByHandle(fh1, &fi1) && GetFileInformationByHandle(fh2, &fi2) &&
(fi1.dwVolumeSerialNumber == fi2.dwVolumeSerialNumber) &&
(fi1.nFileIndexLow == fi2.nFileIndexLow) && (fi1.nFileIndexHigh == fi2.nFileIndexHigh)) {
same = true;
}
if (fh1 != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
CloseHandle(fh1);
}
if (fh2 != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
CloseHandle(fh2);
}
# endif
return same;
#else
struct stat st1;
struct stat st2;
if ((stat(name1, &st1) == 0) && (stat(name2, &st2) == 0) && (st1.st_ino == st2.st_ino) &&
(st1.st_dev == st2.st_dev)) {
return true;
}
#endif
return false;
}
void
QUtil::remove_file(char const* path)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
std::shared_ptr<wchar_t> wpath = win_convert_filename(path);
os_wrapper(std::string("remove ") + path, _wunlink(wpath.get()));
#else
os_wrapper(std::string("remove ") + path, unlink(path));
#endif
}
void
QUtil::rename_file(char const* oldname, char const* newname)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
try {
remove_file(newname);
} catch (QPDFSystemError&) {
// ignore
}
std::shared_ptr<wchar_t> wold = win_convert_filename(oldname);
std::shared_ptr<wchar_t> wnew = win_convert_filename(newname);
os_wrapper(std::string("rename ") + oldname + " " + newname, _wrename(wold.get(), wnew.get()));
#else
os_wrapper(std::string("rename ") + oldname + " " + newname, rename(oldname, newname));
#endif
}
void
QUtil::pipe_file(char const* filename, Pipeline* p)
{
// Exercised in test suite by testing file_provider.
FILE* f = safe_fopen(filename, "rb");
FileCloser fc(f);
size_t len = 0;
int constexpr size = 8192;
unsigned char buf[size];
while ((len = fread(buf, 1, size, f)) > 0) {
p->write(buf, len);
}
p->finish();
if (ferror(f)) {
throw std::runtime_error(std::string("failure reading file ") + filename);
}
}
std::function<void(Pipeline*)>
QUtil::file_provider(std::string const& filename)
{
return [filename](Pipeline* p) { pipe_file(filename.c_str(), p); };
}
std::string
QUtil::path_basename(std::string const& filename)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
char const* pathsep = "/\\";
#else
char const* pathsep = "/";
#endif
std::string last = filename;
auto len = last.length();
while (len > 1) {
auto pos = last.find_last_of(pathsep);
if (pos == len - 1) {
last.pop_back();
--len;
} else if (pos == std::string::npos) {
break;
} else {
last = last.substr(pos + 1);
break;
}
}
return last;
}
char*
QUtil::copy_string(std::string const& str)
{
char* result = new char[str.length() + 1];
// Use memcpy in case string contains nulls
result[str.length()] = '\0';
memcpy(result, str.c_str(), str.length());
return result;
}
std::shared_ptr<char>
QUtil::make_shared_cstr(std::string const& str)
{
auto result = QUtil::make_shared_array<char>(str.length() + 1);
// Use memcpy in case string contains nulls
result.get()[str.length()] = '\0';
memcpy(result.get(), str.c_str(), str.length());
return result;
}
std::unique_ptr<char[]>
QUtil::make_unique_cstr(std::string const& str)
{
auto result = std::make_unique<char[]>(str.length() + 1);
// Use memcpy in case string contains nulls
result.get()[str.length()] = '\0';
memcpy(result.get(), str.c_str(), str.length());
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::hex_encode(std::string const& input)
{
static auto constexpr hexchars = "0123456789abcdef";
std::string result;
result.reserve(2 * input.length());
for (const char c: input) {
result += hexchars[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) >> 4];
result += hexchars[c & 0x0f];
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::hex_decode(std::string const& input)
{
std::string result;
// We know result.size() <= 0.5 * input.size() + 1. However, reserving string space for this
// upper bound has a negative impact.
bool first = true;
char decoded;
for (auto ch: input) {
ch = hex_decode_char(ch);
if (ch < '\20') {
if (first) {
decoded = static_cast<char>(ch << 4);
first = false;
} else {
result.push_back(decoded | ch);
first = true;
}
}
}
if (!first) {
result.push_back(decoded);
}
return result;
}
void
QUtil::binary_stdout()
{
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
#endif
}
void
QUtil::binary_stdin()
{
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
_setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
#endif
}
void
QUtil::setLineBuf(FILE* f)
{
#ifndef _WIN32
setvbuf(f, reinterpret_cast<char*>(0), _IOLBF, 0);
#endif
}
char*
QUtil::getWhoami(char* argv0)
{
char* whoami = nullptr;
if (((whoami = strrchr(argv0, '/')) == nullptr) &&
((whoami = strrchr(argv0, '\\')) == nullptr)) {
whoami = argv0;
} else {
++whoami;
}
if ((strlen(whoami) > 4) && (strcmp(whoami + strlen(whoami) - 4, ".exe") == 0)) {
whoami[strlen(whoami) - 4] = '\0';
}
return whoami;
}
bool
QUtil::get_env(std::string const& var, std::string* value)
{
// This was basically ripped out of wxWindows.
#ifdef _WIN32
# ifdef NO_GET_ENVIRONMENT
return false;
# else
// first get the size of the buffer
DWORD len = ::GetEnvironmentVariable(var.c_str(), NULL, 0);
if (len == 0) {
// this means that there is no such variable
return false;
}
if (value) {
auto t = QUtil::make_shared_array<char>(len + 1);
::GetEnvironmentVariable(var.c_str(), t.get(), len);
*value = t.get();
}
return true;
# endif
#else
char* p = getenv(var.c_str());
if (p == nullptr) {
return false;
}
if (value) {
*value = p;
}
return true;
#endif
}
time_t
QUtil::get_current_time()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
// The procedure to get local time at this resolution comes from
// the Microsoft documentation. It says to convert a SYSTEMTIME
// to a FILETIME, and to copy the FILETIME to a ULARGE_INTEGER.
// The resulting number is the number of 100-nanosecond intervals
// between January 1, 1601 and now. POSIX threads wants a time
// based on January 1, 1970, so we adjust by subtracting the
// number of seconds in that time period from the result we get
// here.
SYSTEMTIME sysnow;
GetSystemTime(&sysnow);
FILETIME filenow;
SystemTimeToFileTime(&sysnow, &filenow);
ULARGE_INTEGER uinow;
uinow.LowPart = filenow.dwLowDateTime;
uinow.HighPart = filenow.dwHighDateTime;
ULONGLONG now = uinow.QuadPart;
return static_cast<time_t>((now / 10000000ULL) - 11644473600ULL);
#else
return time(nullptr);
#endif
}
QUtil::QPDFTime
QUtil::get_current_qpdf_time()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
SYSTEMTIME ltime;
GetLocalTime(&ltime);
TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzinfo;
GetTimeZoneInformation(&tzinfo);
return QPDFTime(
static_cast<int>(ltime.wYear),
static_cast<int>(ltime.wMonth),
static_cast<int>(ltime.wDay),
static_cast<int>(ltime.wHour),
static_cast<int>(ltime.wMinute),
static_cast<int>(ltime.wSecond),
// tzinfo.Bias is minutes before UTC
static_cast<int>(tzinfo.Bias));
#else
struct tm ltime;
time_t now = time(nullptr);
tzset();
# ifdef HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
localtime_r(&now, &ltime);
# else
ltime = *localtime(&now);
# endif
# if HAVE_TM_GMTOFF
// tm_gmtoff is seconds after UTC
int tzoff = -static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_gmtoff / 60);
# elif HAVE_EXTERN_LONG_TIMEZONE
// timezone is seconds before UTC, not adjusted for daylight saving time
int tzoff = static_cast<int>(timezone / 60);
# else
// Don't know how to get timezone on this platform
int tzoff = 0;
# endif
return {
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_year + 1900),
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_mon + 1),
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_mday),
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_hour),
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_min),
static_cast<int>(ltime.tm_sec),
tzoff};
#endif
}
std::string
QUtil::qpdf_time_to_pdf_time(QPDFTime const& qtm)
{
std::string tz_offset;
int t = qtm.tz_delta;
if (t == 0) {
tz_offset = "Z";
} else {
if (t < 0) {
t = -t;
tz_offset += "+";
} else {
tz_offset += "-";
}
tz_offset += QUtil::int_to_string(t / 60, 2) + "'" + QUtil::int_to_string(t % 60, 2) + "'";
}
return (
"D:" + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.year, 4) + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.month, 2) +
QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.day, 2) + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.hour, 2) +
QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.minute, 2) + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.second, 2) + tz_offset);
}
std::string
QUtil::qpdf_time_to_iso8601(QPDFTime const& qtm)
{
std::string tz_offset;
int t = qtm.tz_delta;
if (t == 0) {
tz_offset = "Z";
} else {
if (t < 0) {
t = -t;
tz_offset += "+";
} else {
tz_offset += "-";
}
tz_offset += QUtil::int_to_string(t / 60, 2) + ":" + QUtil::int_to_string(t % 60, 2);
}
return (
QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.year, 4) + "-" + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.month, 2) + "-" +
QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.day, 2) + "T" + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.hour, 2) + ":" +
QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.minute, 2) + ":" + QUtil::int_to_string(qtm.second, 2) +
tz_offset);
}
bool
QUtil::pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(std::string const& str, QPDFTime* qtm)
{
static std::regex pdf_date("^D:([0-9]{4})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})"
"([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})([0-9]{2})"
"(?:(Z?)|([\\+\\-])([0-9]{2})'([0-9]{2})')$");
std::smatch m;
if (!std::regex_match(str, m, pdf_date)) {
return false;
}
int tz_delta = 0;
auto to_i = [](std::string const& s) { return QUtil::string_to_int(s.c_str()); };
if (m[8] != "") {
tz_delta = ((to_i(m[9]) * 60) + to_i(m[10]));
if (m[8] == "+") {
tz_delta = -tz_delta;
}
}
if (qtm) {
*qtm = QPDFTime(
to_i(m[1]), to_i(m[2]), to_i(m[3]), to_i(m[4]), to_i(m[5]), to_i(m[6]), tz_delta);
}
return true;
}
bool
QUtil::pdf_time_to_iso8601(std::string const& pdf_time, std::string& iso8601)
{
QPDFTime qtm;
if (pdf_time_to_qpdf_time(pdf_time, &qtm)) {
iso8601 = qpdf_time_to_iso8601(qtm);
return true;
}
return false;
}
std::string
QUtil::toUTF8(unsigned long uval)
{
std::string result;
// A UTF-8 encoding of a Unicode value is a single byte for Unicode values <= 127. For larger
// values, the first byte of the UTF-8 encoding has '1' as each of its n highest bits and '0'
// for its (n+1)th highest bit where n is the total number of bytes required. Subsequent bytes
// start with '10' and have the remaining 6 bits free for encoding. For example, an 11-bit
// Unicode value can be stored in two bytes where the first is 110zzzzz, the second is 10zzzzzz,
// and the z's represent the remaining bits.
if (uval > 0x7fffffff) {
throw std::runtime_error("bounds error in QUtil::toUTF8");
} else if (uval < 128) {
result += static_cast<char>(uval);
} else {
unsigned char bytes[7];
bytes[6] = '\0';
unsigned char* cur_byte = &bytes[5];
// maximum value that will fit in the current number of bytes
unsigned char maxval = 0x3f; // six bits
while (uval > QIntC::to_ulong(maxval)) {
// Assign low six bits plus 10000000 to lowest unused byte position, then shift
*cur_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(0x80 + (uval & 0x3f));
uval >>= 6;
// Maximum that will fit in high byte now shrinks by one bit
maxval = static_cast<unsigned char>(maxval >> 1);
// Slide to the left one byte
if (cur_byte <= bytes) {
throw std::logic_error("QUtil::toUTF8: overflow error");
}
--cur_byte;
}
// If maxval is k bits long, the high (7 - k) bits of the resulting byte must be high.
*cur_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(QIntC::to_ulong(0xff - (1 + (maxval << 1))) + uval);
result += reinterpret_cast<char*>(cur_byte);
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::toUTF16(unsigned long uval)
{
std::string result;
if ((uval >= 0xd800) && (uval <= 0xdfff)) {
result = "\xff\xfd";
} else if (uval <= 0xffff) {
char out[2];
out[0] = static_cast<char>((uval & 0xff00) >> 8);
out[1] = static_cast<char>(uval & 0xff);
result = std::string(out, 2);
} else if (uval <= 0x10ffff) {
char out[4];
uval -= 0x10000;
unsigned short high = static_cast<unsigned short>(((uval & 0xffc00) >> 10) + 0xd800);
unsigned short low = static_cast<unsigned short>((uval & 0x3ff) + 0xdc00);
out[0] = static_cast<char>((high & 0xff00) >> 8);
out[1] = static_cast<char>(high & 0xff);
out[2] = static_cast<char>((low & 0xff00) >> 8);
out[3] = static_cast<char>(low & 0xff);
result = std::string(out, 4);
} else {
result = "\xff\xfd";
}
return result;
}
// Random data support
namespace
{
class RandomDataProviderProvider
{
public:
RandomDataProviderProvider();
void setProvider(RandomDataProvider*);
RandomDataProvider* getProvider();
private:
RandomDataProvider* default_provider;
RandomDataProvider* current_provider{nullptr};
};
} // namespace
RandomDataProviderProvider::RandomDataProviderProvider() :
default_provider(CryptoRandomDataProvider::getInstance())
{
this->current_provider = default_provider;
}
RandomDataProvider*
RandomDataProviderProvider::getProvider()
{
return this->current_provider;
}
void
RandomDataProviderProvider::setProvider(RandomDataProvider* p)
{
this->current_provider = p ? p : this->default_provider;
}
static RandomDataProviderProvider*
getRandomDataProviderProvider()
{
// Thread-safe static initializer
static RandomDataProviderProvider rdpp;
return &rdpp;
}
void
QUtil::setRandomDataProvider(RandomDataProvider* p)
{
getRandomDataProviderProvider()->setProvider(p);
}
RandomDataProvider*
QUtil::getRandomDataProvider()
{
return getRandomDataProviderProvider()->getProvider();
}
void
QUtil::initializeWithRandomBytes(unsigned char* data, size_t len)
{
getRandomDataProvider()->provideRandomData(data, len);
}
long
QUtil::random()
{
long result = 0L;
initializeWithRandomBytes(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&result), sizeof(result));
return result;
}
void
QUtil::read_file_into_memory(char const* filename, std::shared_ptr<char>& file_buf, size_t& size)
{
FILE* f = safe_fopen(filename, "rb");
FileCloser fc(f);
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
size = QIntC::to_size(QUtil::tell(f));
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
file_buf = QUtil::make_shared_array<char>(size);
char* buf_p = file_buf.get();
size_t bytes_read = 0;
size_t len = 0;
while ((len = fread(buf_p + bytes_read, 1, size - bytes_read, f)) > 0) {
bytes_read += len;
}
if (bytes_read != size) {
if (ferror(f)) {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("failure reading file ") + filename + " into memory: read " +
uint_to_string(bytes_read) + "; wanted " + uint_to_string(size));
} else {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("premature eof reading file ") + filename + " into memory: read " +
uint_to_string(bytes_read) + "; wanted " + uint_to_string(size));
}
}
}
std::string
QUtil::read_file_into_string(char const* filename)
{
FILE* f = safe_fopen(filename, "rb");
FileCloser fc(f);
return read_file_into_string(f, filename);
}
std::string
QUtil::read_file_into_string(FILE* f, std::string_view filename)
{
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
auto o_size = QUtil::tell(f);
if (o_size >= 0) {
// Seekable file
auto size = QIntC::to_size(o_size);
fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
std::string result(size, '\0');
if (auto n_read = fread(result.data(), 1, size, f); n_read != size) {
if (ferror(f)) {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("failure reading file ") + std::string(filename) +
" into memory: read " + uint_to_string(n_read) + "; wanted " +
uint_to_string(size));
} else {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("premature eof reading file ") + std::string(filename) +
" into memory: read " + uint_to_string(n_read) + "; wanted " +
uint_to_string(size));
}
}
return result;
} else {
// Pipe or other non-seekable file
size_t buf_size = 8192;
auto n_read = buf_size;
std::string buffer(buf_size, '\0');
std::string result;
while (n_read == buf_size) {
n_read = fread(buffer.data(), 1, buf_size, f);
buffer.erase(n_read);
result.append(buffer);
}
if (ferror(f)) {
throw std::runtime_error(
std::string("failure reading file ") + std::string(filename) + " into memory");
}
return result;
}
}
static bool
read_char_from_FILE(char& ch, FILE* f)
{
auto len = fread(&ch, 1, 1, f);
if (len == 0) {
if (ferror(f)) {
throw std::runtime_error("failure reading character from file");
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
std::list<std::string>
QUtil::read_lines_from_file(char const* filename, bool preserve_eol)
{
std::list<std::string> lines;
FILE* f = safe_fopen(filename, "rb");
FileCloser fc(f);
auto next_char = [&f](char& ch) { return read_char_from_FILE(ch, f); };
read_lines_from_file(next_char, lines, preserve_eol);
return lines;
}
std::list<std::string>
QUtil::read_lines_from_file(std::istream& in, bool preserve_eol)
{
std::list<std::string> lines;
auto next_char = [&in](char& ch) { return (in.get(ch)) ? true : false; };
read_lines_from_file(next_char, lines, preserve_eol);
return lines;
}
std::list<std::string>
QUtil::read_lines_from_file(FILE* f, bool preserve_eol)
{
std::list<std::string> lines;
auto next_char = [&f](char& ch) { return read_char_from_FILE(ch, f); };
read_lines_from_file(next_char, lines, preserve_eol);
return lines;
}
void
QUtil::read_lines_from_file(
std::function<bool(char&)> next_char, std::list<std::string>& lines, bool preserve_eol)
{
std::string* buf = nullptr;
char c;
while (next_char(c)) {
if (buf == nullptr) {
lines.emplace_back("");
buf = &(lines.back());
buf->reserve(80);
}
if (buf->capacity() == buf->size()) {
buf->reserve(buf->capacity() * 2);
}
if (c == '\n') {
if (preserve_eol) {
buf->append(1, c);
} else {
// Remove any carriage return that preceded the newline and discard the newline
if ((!buf->empty()) && ((*(buf->rbegin())) == '\r')) {
buf->erase(buf->length() - 1);
}
}
buf = nullptr;
} else {
buf->append(1, c);
}
}
}
int
QUtil::str_compare_nocase(char const* s1, char const* s2)
{
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(__BORLANDC__)
return stricmp(s1, s2);
#elif defined(_WIN32)
return _stricmp(s1, s2);
#else
return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
#endif
}
std::vector<int>
QUtil::parse_numrange(char const* range, int max)
{
// Performance note: this implementation aims to be straightforward, not efficient. Numeric
// range parsing is used only during argument processing. It is not used during processing of
// PDF files.
static std::regex group_re(R"((x)?(z|r?\d+)(?:-(z|r?\d+))?)");
auto parse_num = [&max](std::string const& s) -> int {
if (s == "z") {
return max;
}
int num;
if (s.at(0) == 'r') {
num = max + 1 - string_to_int(s.substr(1).c_str());
} else {
num = string_to_int(s.c_str());
}
// max == 0 means we don't know the max and are just testing for valid syntax.
if ((max > 0) && ((num < 1) || (num > max))) {
throw std::runtime_error("number " + std::to_string(num) + " out of range");
}
return num;
};
auto populate = [](std::vector<int>& group, int first_num, bool is_span, int last_num) {
group.clear();
group.emplace_back(first_num);
if (is_span) {
if (first_num > last_num) {
for (auto i = first_num - 1; i >= last_num; --i) {
group.push_back(i);
}
} else {
for (auto i = first_num + 1; i <= last_num; ++i) {
group.push_back(i);
}
}
}
};
char const* p;
try {
char const* range_end = range + strlen(range);
std::vector<int> result;
std::vector<int> last_group;
// See if range ends with :even or :odd.
size_t start_idx = 0;
size_t skip = 1;
p = std::find(range, range_end, ':');
if (*p == ':') {
if (strcmp(p, ":odd") == 0) {
skip = 2;
} else if (strcmp(p, ":even") == 0) {
skip = 2;
start_idx = 1;
} else {
throw std::runtime_error("expected :even or :odd");
}
range_end = p;
}
// Divide the range into groups
p = range;
char const* group_end;
bool first = true;
while (p != range_end) {
group_end = std::find(p, range_end, ',');
std::cmatch m;
if (!std::regex_match(p, group_end, m, group_re)) {
throw std::runtime_error("invalid range syntax");
}
auto is_exclude = m[1].matched;
if (first && is_exclude) {
throw std::runtime_error("first range group may not be an exclusion");
}
first = false;
auto first_num = parse_num(m[2].str());
auto is_span = m[3].matched;
int last_num{0};
if (is_span) {
last_num = parse_num(m[3].str());
}
if (is_exclude) {
std::vector<int> work;
populate(work, first_num, is_span, last_num);
std::set<int> exclusions;
exclusions.insert(work.begin(), work.end());
work = last_group;
last_group.clear();
for (auto n: work) {
if (exclusions.count(n) == 0) {
last_group.emplace_back(n);
}
}
} else {
result.insert(result.end(), last_group.begin(), last_group.end());
populate(last_group, first_num, is_span, last_num);
}
p = group_end;
if (*p == ',') {
++p;
if (p == range_end) {
throw std::runtime_error("trailing comma");
}
}
}
result.insert(result.end(), last_group.begin(), last_group.end());
if (skip == 1) {
return result;
}
std::vector<int> filtered;
for (auto i = start_idx; i < result.size(); i += skip) {
filtered.emplace_back(result.at(i));
}
return filtered;
} catch (std::runtime_error const& e) {
std::string message;
if (p) {
message = "error at * in numeric range " +
std::string(range, QIntC::to_size(p - range)) + "*" + p + ": " + e.what();
} else {
message = "error in numeric range " + std::string(range) + ": " + e.what();
}
throw std::runtime_error(message);
}
}
enum encoding_e { e_utf16, e_ascii, e_winansi, e_macroman, e_pdfdoc };
static unsigned char
encode_winansi(unsigned long codepoint)
{
auto i = unicode_to_win_ansi.find(codepoint);
if (i != unicode_to_win_ansi.end()) {
return i->second;
}
return '\0';
}
static unsigned char
encode_macroman(unsigned long codepoint)
{
auto i = unicode_to_mac_roman.find(codepoint);
if (i != unicode_to_mac_roman.end()) {
return i->second;
}
return '\0';
}
static unsigned char
encode_pdfdoc(unsigned long codepoint)
{
auto i = unicode_to_pdf_doc.find(codepoint);
if (i != unicode_to_pdf_doc.end()) {
return i->second;
}
return '\0';
}
unsigned long
QUtil::get_next_utf8_codepoint(std::string const& utf8_val, size_t& pos, bool& error)
{
auto o_pos = pos;
size_t len = utf8_val.length();
unsigned char ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8_val.at(pos++));
error = false;
if (ch < 128) {
return static_cast<unsigned long>(ch);
}
size_t bytes_needed = 0;
unsigned bit_check = 0x40;
unsigned char to_clear = 0x80;
while (ch & bit_check) {
++bytes_needed;
to_clear = static_cast<unsigned char>(to_clear | bit_check);
bit_check >>= 1;
}
if (((bytes_needed > 5) || (bytes_needed < 1)) || ((pos + bytes_needed) > len)) {
error = true;
return 0xfffd;
}
auto codepoint = static_cast<unsigned long>(ch & ~to_clear);
while (bytes_needed > 0) {
--bytes_needed;
ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(utf8_val.at(pos++));
if ((ch & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
--pos;
error = true;
return 0xfffd;
}
codepoint <<= 6;
codepoint += (ch & 0x3f);
}
unsigned long lower_bound = 0;
switch (pos - o_pos) {
case 2:
lower_bound = 1 << 7;
break;
case 3:
lower_bound = 1 << 11;
break;
case 4:
lower_bound = 1 << 16;
break;
case 5:
lower_bound = 1 << 12;
break;
case 6:
lower_bound = 1 << 26;
break;
default:
lower_bound = 0;
}
if (lower_bound > 0 && codepoint < lower_bound) {
// Too many bytes were used, but return whatever character was encoded.
error = true;
}
return codepoint;
}
static bool
transcode_utf8(std::string const& utf8_val, std::string& result, encoding_e encoding, char unknown)
{
bool okay = true;
result.clear();
size_t len = utf8_val.length();
switch (encoding) {
case e_utf16:
result += "\xfe\xff";
break;
case e_pdfdoc:
// We need to avoid having the result start with something that will be interpreted as
// UTF-16 or UTF-8, meaning we can't end up with a string that starts with "fe ff",
// (UTF-16-BE) "ff fe" (UTF-16-LE, not officially part of the PDF spec, but recognized by
// most readers including qpdf), or "ef bb bf" (UTF-8). It's more efficient to check the
// input string to see if it will map to one of those sequences than to check the output
// string since all cases start with the same starting character.
if ((len >= 4) && (utf8_val[0] == '\xc3')) {
static std::string fe_ff("\xbe\xc3\xbf");
static std::string ff_fe("\xbf\xc3\xbe");
static std::string ef_bb_bf("\xaf\xc2\xbb\xc2\xbf");
// C++-20 has starts_with, but when this was written, qpdf had a minimum supported
// version of C++-17.
if ((utf8_val.compare(1, 3, fe_ff) == 0) || (utf8_val.compare(1, 3, ff_fe) == 0) ||
(utf8_val.compare(1, 5, ef_bb_bf) == 0)) {
result += unknown;
okay = false;
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
size_t pos = 0;
while (pos < len) {
bool error = false;
unsigned long codepoint = QUtil::get_next_utf8_codepoint(utf8_val, pos, error);
if (error) {
okay = false;
if (encoding == e_utf16) {
result += "\xff\xfd";
} else {
result.append(1, unknown);
}
} else if (codepoint < 128) {
char ch = static_cast<char>(codepoint);
if (encoding == e_utf16) {
result += QUtil::toUTF16(QIntC::to_ulong(ch));
} else if ((encoding == e_pdfdoc) && (((ch >= 0x18) && (ch <= 0x1f)) || (ch == 127))) {
// PDFDocEncoding maps some low characters to Unicode, so if we encounter those
// invalid UTF-8 code points, map them to unknown so reversing the mapping doesn't
// change them into other characters.
okay = false;
result.append(1, unknown);
} else {
result.append(1, ch);
}
} else if (encoding == e_utf16) {
result += QUtil::toUTF16(codepoint);
} else if ((codepoint == 0xad) && (encoding == e_pdfdoc)) {
// PDFDocEncoding omits 0x00ad (soft hyphen).
okay = false;
result.append(1, unknown);
} else if (
(codepoint > 160) && (codepoint < 256) &&
((encoding == e_winansi) || (encoding == e_pdfdoc))) {
result.append(1, static_cast<char>(codepoint & 0xff));
} else {
unsigned char ch = '\0';
if (encoding == e_winansi) {
ch = encode_winansi(codepoint);
} else if (encoding == e_macroman) {
ch = encode_macroman(codepoint);
} else if (encoding == e_pdfdoc) {
ch = encode_pdfdoc(codepoint);
}
if (ch == '\0') {
okay = false;
ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(unknown);
}
result.append(1, static_cast<char>(ch));
}
}
return okay;
}
static std::string
transcode_utf8(std::string const& utf8_val, encoding_e encoding, char unknown)
{
std::string result;
transcode_utf8(utf8_val, result, encoding, unknown);
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::utf8_to_utf16(std::string const& utf8)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, e_utf16, 0);
}
std::string
QUtil::utf8_to_ascii(std::string const& utf8, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, e_ascii, unknown_char);
}
std::string
QUtil::utf8_to_win_ansi(std::string const& utf8, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, e_winansi, unknown_char);
}
std::string
QUtil::utf8_to_mac_roman(std::string const& utf8, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, e_macroman, unknown_char);
}
std::string
QUtil::utf8_to_pdf_doc(std::string const& utf8, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, e_pdfdoc, unknown_char);
}
bool
QUtil::utf8_to_ascii(std::string const& utf8, std::string& ascii, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, ascii, e_ascii, unknown_char);
}
bool
QUtil::utf8_to_win_ansi(std::string const& utf8, std::string& win, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, win, e_winansi, unknown_char);
}
bool
QUtil::utf8_to_mac_roman(std::string const& utf8, std::string& mac, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, mac, e_macroman, unknown_char);
}
bool
QUtil::utf8_to_pdf_doc(std::string const& utf8, std::string& pdfdoc, char unknown_char)
{
return transcode_utf8(utf8, pdfdoc, e_pdfdoc, unknown_char);
}
bool
QUtil::is_utf16(std::string const& val)
{
return (
(val.length() >= 2) &&
(((val.at(0) == '\xfe') && (val.at(1) == '\xff')) ||
((val.at(0) == '\xff') && (val.at(1) == '\xfe'))));
}
bool
QUtil::is_explicit_utf8(std::string const& val)
{
// QPDF_String.cc knows that this is a 3-byte sequence.
return (
(val.length() >= 3) && (val.at(0) == '\xef') && (val.at(1) == '\xbb') &&
(val.at(2) == '\xbf'));
}
std::string
QUtil::utf16_to_utf8(std::string const& val)
{
std::string result;
// This code uses unsigned long and unsigned short to hold codepoint values. It requires
// unsigned long to be at least 32 bits and unsigned short to be at least 16 bits, but it will
// work fine if they are larger.
unsigned long codepoint = 0L;
size_t len = val.length();
size_t start = 0;
bool is_le = false;
if (is_utf16(val)) {
if (static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(0)) == 0xff) {
is_le = true;
}
start += 2;
}
// If the string has an odd number of bytes, the last byte is ignored.
for (size_t i = start; i + 1 < len; i += 2) {
// Convert from UTF16-BE. If we get a malformed codepoint, this code will generate
// incorrect output without giving a warning. Specifically, a high codepoint not followed
// by a low codepoint will be discarded, and a low codepoint not preceded by a high
// codepoint will just get its low 10 bits output.
auto msb = is_le ? i + 1 : i;
auto lsb = is_le ? i : i + 1;
unsigned short bits = QIntC::to_ushort(
(static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(msb)) << 8) +
static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(lsb)));
if ((bits & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) {
codepoint = 0x10000U + ((bits & 0x3FFU) << 10U);
continue;
} else if ((bits & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) {
if (codepoint != 0) {
QTC::TC("qpdf", "QUtil non-trivial UTF-16");
}
codepoint += bits & 0x3FF;
} else {
codepoint = bits;
}
result += QUtil::toUTF8(codepoint);
codepoint = 0;
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::win_ansi_to_utf8(std::string const& val)
{
std::string result;
size_t len = val.length();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
unsigned char ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(i));
unsigned short ch_short = ch;
if ((ch >= 128) && (ch <= 160)) {
ch_short = win_ansi_to_unicode[ch - 128];
}
result += QUtil::toUTF8(ch_short);
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::mac_roman_to_utf8(std::string const& val)
{
std::string result;
size_t len = val.length();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
unsigned char ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(i));
unsigned short ch_short = ch;
if (ch >= 128) {
ch_short = mac_roman_to_unicode[ch - 128];
}
result += QUtil::toUTF8(ch_short);
}
return result;
}
std::string
QUtil::pdf_doc_to_utf8(std::string const& val)
{
std::string result;
size_t len = val.length();
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
unsigned char ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(val.at(i));
unsigned short ch_short = ch;
if ((ch >= 127) && (ch <= 160)) {
ch_short = pdf_doc_to_unicode[ch - 127];
} else if ((ch >= 24) && (ch <= 31)) {
ch_short = pdf_doc_low_to_unicode[ch - 24];
} else if (ch == 173) {
ch_short = 0xfffd;
}
result += QUtil::toUTF8(ch_short);
}
return result;
}
void
QUtil::analyze_encoding(
std::string const& val, bool& has_8bit_chars, bool& is_valid_utf8, bool& is_utf16)
{
has_8bit_chars = is_utf16 = is_valid_utf8 = false;
if (QUtil::is_utf16(val)) {
has_8bit_chars = true;
is_utf16 = true;
return;
}
size_t len = val.length();
size_t pos = 0;
bool any_errors = false;
while (pos < len) {
bool error = false;
auto o_pos = pos;
get_next_utf8_codepoint(val, pos, error);
if (error) {
any_errors = true;
}
if (pos - o_pos > 1 || val[o_pos] & 0x80) {
has_8bit_chars = true;
}
}
if (has_8bit_chars && (!any_errors)) {
is_valid_utf8 = true;
}
}
std::vector<std::string>
QUtil::possible_repaired_encodings(std::string supplied)
{
std::vector<std::string> result;
// Always include the original string
result.push_back(supplied);
bool has_8bit_chars = false;
bool is_valid_utf8 = false;
bool is_utf16 = false;
analyze_encoding(supplied, has_8bit_chars, is_valid_utf8, is_utf16);
if (!has_8bit_chars) {
return result;
}
if (is_utf16) {
// Convert to UTF-8 and pretend we got a UTF-8 string.
is_utf16 = false;
is_valid_utf8 = true;
supplied = utf16_to_utf8(supplied);
}
std::string output;
if (is_valid_utf8) {
// Maybe we were given UTF-8 but wanted one of the single-byte encodings.
if (utf8_to_pdf_doc(supplied, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_win_ansi(supplied, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_mac_roman(supplied, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
} else {
// Maybe we were given one of the single-byte encodings but wanted UTF-8.
std::string from_pdf_doc(pdf_doc_to_utf8(supplied));
result.push_back(from_pdf_doc);
std::string from_win_ansi(win_ansi_to_utf8(supplied));
result.push_back(from_win_ansi);
std::string from_mac_roman(mac_roman_to_utf8(supplied));
result.push_back(from_mac_roman);
// Maybe we were given one of the other single-byte encodings but wanted one of the other
// ones.
if (utf8_to_win_ansi(from_pdf_doc, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_mac_roman(from_pdf_doc, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_pdf_doc(from_win_ansi, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_mac_roman(from_win_ansi, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_pdf_doc(from_mac_roman, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
if (utf8_to_win_ansi(from_mac_roman, output)) {
result.push_back(output);
}
}
// De-duplicate
std::vector<std::string> t;
std::set<std::string> seen;
for (auto const& iter: result) {
if (!seen.count(iter)) {
seen.insert(iter);
t.push_back(iter);
}
}
return t;
}
#ifndef QPDF_NO_WCHAR_T
static int
call_main_from_wmain(
bool, int argc, wchar_t const* const argv[], std::function<int(int, char*[])> realmain)
{
// argv contains UTF-16-encoded strings with a 16-bit wchar_t. Convert this to UTF-8-encoded
// strings for compatibility with other systems. That way the rest of qpdf.cc can just act like
// arguments are UTF-8.
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<char[]>> utf8_argv;
for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
std::string utf16;
for (size_t j = 0; j < std::wcslen(argv[i]); ++j) {
unsigned short codepoint = static_cast<unsigned short>(argv[i][j]);
utf16.append(1, static_cast<char>(QIntC::to_uchar(codepoint >> 8)));
utf16.append(1, static_cast<char>(QIntC::to_uchar(codepoint & 0xff)));
}
std::string utf8 = QUtil::utf16_to_utf8(utf16);
utf8_argv.push_back(QUtil::make_unique_cstr(utf8));
}
auto utf8_argv_sp = std::make_unique<char*[]>(1 + utf8_argv.size());
char** new_argv = utf8_argv_sp.get();
for (size_t i = 0; i < utf8_argv.size(); ++i) {
new_argv[i] = utf8_argv.at(i).get();
}
argc = QIntC::to_int(utf8_argv.size());
new_argv[argc] = nullptr;
return realmain(argc, new_argv);
}
int
QUtil::call_main_from_wmain(int argc, wchar_t* argv[], std::function<int(int, char*[])> realmain)
{
return ::call_main_from_wmain(true, argc, argv, realmain);
}
int
QUtil::call_main_from_wmain(
int argc, wchar_t const* const argv[], std::function<int(int, char const* const[])> realmain)
{
return ::call_main_from_wmain(true, argc, argv, [realmain](int new_argc, char* new_argv[]) {
return realmain(new_argc, new_argv);
});
}
#endif // QPDF_NO_WCHAR_T
size_t
QUtil::get_max_memory_usage()
{
#if defined(HAVE_MALLOC_INFO) && defined(HAVE_OPEN_MEMSTREAM)
static std::regex tag_re("<(/?\\w+)([^>]*?)>");
static std::regex attr_re("(\\w+)=\"(.*?)\"");
char* buf;
size_t size;
FILE* f = open_memstream(&buf, &size);
if (f == nullptr) {
return 0;
}
malloc_info(0, f);
fclose(f);
if (QUtil::get_env("QPDF_DEBUG_MEM_USAGE")) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s", buf);
}
// Warning: this code uses regular expression to extract data from an XML string. This is
// generally a bad idea, but we're going to do it anyway because QUtil.hh warns against using
// this function for other than development/testing, and if this function fails to generate
// reasonable output during performance testing, it will be noticed.
// This is my best guess at how to interpret malloc_info. Anyway it seems to provide useful
// information for detecting code changes that drastically change memory usage.
size_t result = 0;
try {
std::cregex_iterator m_begin(buf, buf + size, tag_re);
std::cregex_iterator cr_end;
std::sregex_iterator sr_end;
int in_heap = 0;
for (auto m = m_begin; m != cr_end; ++m) {
std::string tag(m->str(1));
if (tag == "heap") {
++in_heap;
} else if (tag == "/heap") {
--in_heap;
} else if (in_heap == 0) {
std::string rest = m->str(2);
std::map<std::string, std::string> attrs;
std::sregex_iterator a_begin(rest.begin(), rest.end(), attr_re);
for (auto m2 = a_begin; m2 != sr_end; ++m2) {
attrs[m2->str(1)] = m2->str(2);
}
if (tag == "total") {
if (attrs.count("size") > 0) {
result += QIntC::to_size(QUtil::string_to_ull(attrs["size"].c_str()));
}
} else if (tag == "system" && attrs["type"] == "max") {
result += QIntC::to_size(QUtil::string_to_ull(attrs["size"].c_str()));
}
}
}
} catch (...) {
// ignore -- just return 0
}
free(buf);
return result;
#else
return 0;
#endif
}
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