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mirror of https://github.com/octoleo/restic.git synced 2024-11-29 16:23:59 +00:00

Vendor cobra and pflag

This commit is contained in:
Alexander Neumann 2016-09-17 11:17:48 +02:00
parent 0fa12839a5
commit 3806623c23
67 changed files with 13714 additions and 0 deletions

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vendor/manifest vendored
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@ -43,6 +43,18 @@
"revision": "49e9b5212b022a1ab373faf981ed4f2fc807502a", "revision": "49e9b5212b022a1ab373faf981ed4f2fc807502a",
"branch": "master" "branch": "master"
}, },
{
"importpath": "github.com/spf13/cobra",
"repository": "https://github.com/spf13/cobra",
"revision": "9c28e4bbd74e5c3ed7aacbc552b2cab7cfdfe744",
"branch": "master"
},
{
"importpath": "github.com/spf13/pflag",
"repository": "https://github.com/spf13/pflag",
"revision": "c7e63cf4530bcd3ba943729cee0efeff2ebea63f",
"branch": "master"
},
{ {
"importpath": "golang.org/x/crypto/curve25519", "importpath": "golang.org/x/crypto/curve25519",
"repository": "https://go.googlesource.com/crypto", "repository": "https://go.googlesource.com/crypto",

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![cobra logo](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/173412/10886352/ad566232-814f-11e5-9cd0-aa101788c117.png)
Cobra is both a library for creating powerful modern CLI applications as well as a program to generate applications and command files.
Many of the most widely used Go projects are built using Cobra including:
* [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io/)
* [Hugo](http://gohugo.io)
* [rkt](https://github.com/coreos/rkt)
* [etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd)
* [Docker (distribution)](https://github.com/docker/distribution)
* [OpenShift](https://www.openshift.com/)
* [Delve](https://github.com/derekparker/delve)
* [GopherJS](http://www.gopherjs.org/)
* [CockroachDB](http://www.cockroachlabs.com/)
* [Bleve](http://www.blevesearch.com/)
* [ProjectAtomic (enterprise)](http://www.projectatomic.io/)
* [Parse (CLI)](https://parse.com/)
* [GiantSwarm's swarm](https://github.com/giantswarm/cli)
* [Nanobox](https://github.com/nanobox-io/nanobox)/[Nanopack](https://github.com/nanopack)
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/cobra.svg "Travis CI status")](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/cobra)
[![CircleCI status](https://circleci.com/gh/spf13/cobra.png?circle-token=:circle-token "CircleCI status")](https://circleci.com/gh/spf13/cobra)
[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/cobra?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/cobra)
![cobra](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/173412/10911369/84832a8e-8212-11e5-9f82-cc96660a4794.gif)
# Overview
Cobra is a library providing a simple interface to create powerful modern CLI
interfaces similar to git & go tools.
Cobra is also an application that will generate your application scaffolding to rapidly
develop a Cobra-based application.
Cobra provides:
* Easy subcommand-based CLIs: `app server`, `app fetch`, etc.
* Fully POSIX-compliant flags (including short & long versions)
* Nested subcommands
* Global, local and cascading flags
* Easy generation of applications & commands with `cobra create appname` & `cobra add cmdname`
* Intelligent suggestions (`app srver`... did you mean `app server`?)
* Automatic help generation for commands and flags
* Automatic detailed help for `app help [command]`
* Automatic help flag recognition of `-h`, `--help`, etc.
* Automatically generated bash autocomplete for your application
* Automatically generated man pages for your application
* Command aliases so you can change things without breaking them
* The flexibilty to define your own help, usage, etc.
* Optional tight integration with [viper](http://github.com/spf13/viper) for 12-factor apps
Cobra has an exceptionally clean interface and simple design without needless
constructors or initialization methods.
Applications built with Cobra commands are designed to be as user-friendly as
possible. Flags can be placed before or after the command (as long as a
confusing space isnt provided). Both short and long flags can be used. A
command need not even be fully typed. Help is automatically generated and
available for the application or for a specific command using either the help
command or the `--help` flag.
# Concepts
Cobra is built on a structure of commands, arguments & flags.
**Commands** represent actions, **Args** are things and **Flags** are modifiers for those actions.
The best applications will read like sentences when used. Users will know how
to use the application because they will natively understand how to use it.
The pattern to follow is
`APPNAME VERB NOUN --ADJECTIVE.`
or
`APPNAME COMMAND ARG --FLAG`
A few good real world examples may better illustrate this point.
In the following example, 'server' is a command, and 'port' is a flag:
> hugo server --port=1313
In this command we are telling Git to clone the url bare.
> git clone URL --bare
## Commands
Command is the central point of the application. Each interaction that
the application supports will be contained in a Command. A command can
have children commands and optionally run an action.
In the example above, 'server' is the command.
A Command has the following structure:
```go
type Command struct {
Use string // The one-line usage message.
Short string // The short description shown in the 'help' output.
Long string // The long message shown in the 'help <this-command>' output.
Run func(cmd *Command, args []string) // Run runs the command.
}
```
## Flags
A Flag is a way to modify the behavior of a command. Cobra supports
fully POSIX-compliant flags as well as the Go [flag package](https://golang.org/pkg/flag/).
A Cobra command can define flags that persist through to children commands
and flags that are only available to that command.
In the example above, 'port' is the flag.
Flag functionality is provided by the [pflag
library](https://github.com/ogier/pflag), a fork of the flag standard library
which maintains the same interface while adding POSIX compliance.
## Usage
Cobra works by creating a set of commands and then organizing them into a tree.
The tree defines the structure of the application.
Once each command is defined with its corresponding flags, then the
tree is assigned to the commander which is finally executed.
# Installing
Using Cobra is easy. First, use `go get` to install the latest version
of the library. This command will install the `cobra` generator executible
along with the library:
> go get -v github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra
Next, include Cobra in your application:
```go
import "github.com/spf13/cobra"
```
# Getting Started
While you are welcome to provide your own organization, typically a Cobra based
application will follow the following organizational structure.
```
▾ appName/
▾ cmd/
add.go
your.go
commands.go
here.go
main.go
```
In a Cobra app, typically the main.go file is very bare. It serves, one purpose, to initialize Cobra.
```go
package main
import "{pathToYourApp}/cmd"
func main() {
if err := cmd.RootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(-1)
}
}
```
## Using the Cobra Generator
Cobra provides its own program that will create your application and add any
commands you want. It's the easiest way to incorporate Cobra into your application.
In order to use the cobra command, compile it using the following command:
> go install github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra
This will create the cobra executable under your go path bin directory!
### cobra init
The `cobra init [yourApp]` command will create your initial application code
for you. It is a very powerful application that will populate your program with
the right structure so you can immediately enjoy all the benefits of Cobra. It
will also automatically apply the license you specify to your application.
Cobra init is pretty smart. You can provide it a full path, or simply a path
similar to what is expected in the import.
```
cobra init github.com/spf13/newAppName
```
### cobra add
Once an application is initialized Cobra can create additional commands for you.
Let's say you created an app and you wanted the following commands for it:
* app serve
* app config
* app config create
In your project directory (where your main.go file is) you would run the following:
```
cobra add serve
cobra add config
cobra add create -p 'configCmd'
```
Once you have run these three commands you would have an app structure that would look like:
```
▾ app/
▾ cmd/
serve.go
config.go
create.go
main.go
```
at this point you can run `go run main.go` and it would run your app. `go run
main.go serve`, `go run main.go config`, `go run main.go config create` along
with `go run main.go help serve`, etc would all work.
Obviously you haven't added your own code to these yet, the commands are ready
for you to give them their tasks. Have fun.
### Configuring the cobra generator
The cobra generator will be easier to use if you provide a simple configuration
file which will help you eliminate providing a bunch of repeated information in
flags over and over.
An example ~/.cobra.yaml file:
```yaml
author: Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>
license: MIT
```
You can specify no license by setting `license` to `none` or you can specify
a custom license:
```yaml
license:
header: This file is part of {{ .appName }}.
text: |
{{ .copyright }}
This is my license. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
My license is my best friend. It is my life. I must master it as I must
master my life.
```
## Manually implementing Cobra
To manually implement cobra you need to create a bare main.go file and a RootCmd file.
You will optionally provide additional commands as you see fit.
### Create the root command
The root command represents your binary itself.
#### Manually create rootCmd
Cobra doesn't require any special constructors. Simply create your commands.
Ideally you place this in app/cmd/root.go:
```go
var RootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "hugo",
Short: "Hugo is a very fast static site generator",
Long: `A Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator built with
love by spf13 and friends in Go.
Complete documentation is available at http://hugo.spf13.com`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
// Do Stuff Here
},
}
```
You will additionally define flags and handle configuration in your init() function.
for example cmd/root.go:
```go
func init() {
cobra.OnInitialize(initConfig)
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cfgFile, "config", "", "config file (default is $HOME/.cobra.yaml)")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&projectBase, "projectbase", "b", "", "base project directory eg. github.com/spf13/")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("author", "a", "YOUR NAME", "Author name for copyright attribution")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&userLicense, "license", "l", "", "Name of license for the project (can provide `licensetext` in config)")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Bool("viper", true, "Use Viper for configuration")
viper.BindPFlag("author", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("author"))
viper.BindPFlag("projectbase", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("projectbase"))
viper.BindPFlag("useViper", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("viper"))
viper.SetDefault("author", "NAME HERE <EMAIL ADDRESS>")
viper.SetDefault("license", "apache")
}
```
### Create your main.go
With the root command you need to have your main function execute it.
Execute should be run on the root for clarity, though it can be called on any command.
In a Cobra app, typically the main.go file is very bare. It serves, one purpose, to initialize Cobra.
```go
package main
import "{pathToYourApp}/cmd"
func main() {
if err := cmd.RootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(-1)
}
}
```
### Create additional commands
Additional commands can be defined and typically are each given their own file
inside of the cmd/ directory.
If you wanted to create a version command you would create cmd/version.go and
populate it with the following:
```go
package cmd
import (
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
func init() {
RootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
}
var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "version",
Short: "Print the version number of Hugo",
Long: `All software has versions. This is Hugo's`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("Hugo Static Site Generator v0.9 -- HEAD")
},
}
```
### Attach command to its parent
If you notice in the above example we attach the command to its parent. In
this case the parent is the rootCmd. In this example we are attaching it to the
root, but commands can be attached at any level.
```go
RootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
```
### Remove a command from its parent
Removing a command is not a common action in simple programs, but it allows 3rd
parties to customize an existing command tree.
In this example, we remove the existing `VersionCmd` command of an existing
root command, and we replace it with our own version:
```go
mainlib.RootCmd.RemoveCommand(mainlib.VersionCmd)
mainlib.RootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
```
## Working with Flags
Flags provide modifiers to control how the action command operates.
### Assign flags to a command
Since the flags are defined and used in different locations, we need to
define a variable outside with the correct scope to assign the flag to
work with.
```go
var Verbose bool
var Source string
```
There are two different approaches to assign a flag.
### Persistent Flags
A flag can be 'persistent' meaning that this flag will be available to the
command it's assigned to as well as every command under that command. For
global flags, assign a flag as a persistent flag on the root.
```go
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "verbose output")
```
### Local Flags
A flag can also be assigned locally which will only apply to that specific command.
```go
RootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&Source, "source", "s", "", "Source directory to read from")
```
## Example
In the example below, we have defined three commands. Two are at the top level
and one (cmdTimes) is a child of one of the top commands. In this case the root
is not executable meaning that a subcommand is required. This is accomplished
by not providing a 'Run' for the 'rootCmd'.
We have only defined one flag for a single command.
More documentation about flags is available at https://github.com/spf13/pflag
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
func main() {
var echoTimes int
var cmdPrint = &cobra.Command{
Use: "print [string to print]",
Short: "Print anything to the screen",
Long: `print is for printing anything back to the screen.
For many years people have printed back to the screen.
`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("Print: " + strings.Join(args, " "))
},
}
var cmdEcho = &cobra.Command{
Use: "echo [string to echo]",
Short: "Echo anything to the screen",
Long: `echo is for echoing anything back.
Echo works a lot like print, except it has a child command.
`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Println("Print: " + strings.Join(args, " "))
},
}
var cmdTimes = &cobra.Command{
Use: "times [# times] [string to echo]",
Short: "Echo anything to the screen more times",
Long: `echo things multiple times back to the user by providing
a count and a string.`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
for i := 0; i < echoTimes; i++ {
fmt.Println("Echo: " + strings.Join(args, " "))
}
},
}
cmdTimes.Flags().IntVarP(&echoTimes, "times", "t", 1, "times to echo the input")
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{Use: "app"}
rootCmd.AddCommand(cmdPrint, cmdEcho)
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes)
rootCmd.Execute()
}
```
For a more complete example of a larger application, please checkout [Hugo](http://gohugo.io/).
## The Help Command
Cobra automatically adds a help command to your application when you have subcommands.
This will be called when a user runs 'app help'. Additionally, help will also
support all other commands as input. Say, for instance, you have a command called
'create' without any additional configuration; Cobra will work when 'app help
create' is called. Every command will automatically have the '--help' flag added.
### Example
The following output is automatically generated by Cobra. Nothing beyond the
command and flag definitions are needed.
> hugo help
hugo is the main command, used to build your Hugo site.
Hugo is a Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator
built with love by spf13 and friends in Go.
Complete documentation is available at http://gohugo.io/.
Usage:
hugo [flags]
hugo [command]
Available Commands:
server Hugo runs its own webserver to render the files
version Print the version number of Hugo
config Print the site configuration
check Check content in the source directory
benchmark Benchmark hugo by building a site a number of times.
convert Convert your content to different formats
new Create new content for your site
list Listing out various types of content
undraft Undraft changes the content's draft status from 'True' to 'False'
genautocomplete Generate shell autocompletion script for Hugo
gendoc Generate Markdown documentation for the Hugo CLI.
genman Generate man page for Hugo
import Import your site from others.
Flags:
-b, --baseURL="": hostname (and path) to the root, e.g. http://spf13.com/
-D, --buildDrafts[=false]: include content marked as draft
-F, --buildFuture[=false]: include content with publishdate in the future
--cacheDir="": filesystem path to cache directory. Defaults: $TMPDIR/hugo_cache/
--canonifyURLs[=false]: if true, all relative URLs will be canonicalized using baseURL
--config="": config file (default is path/config.yaml|json|toml)
-d, --destination="": filesystem path to write files to
--disableRSS[=false]: Do not build RSS files
--disableSitemap[=false]: Do not build Sitemap file
--editor="": edit new content with this editor, if provided
--ignoreCache[=false]: Ignores the cache directory for reading but still writes to it
--log[=false]: Enable Logging
--logFile="": Log File path (if set, logging enabled automatically)
--noTimes[=false]: Don't sync modification time of files
--pluralizeListTitles[=true]: Pluralize titles in lists using inflect
--preserveTaxonomyNames[=false]: Preserve taxonomy names as written ("Gérard Depardieu" vs "gerard-depardieu")
-s, --source="": filesystem path to read files relative from
--stepAnalysis[=false]: display memory and timing of different steps of the program
-t, --theme="": theme to use (located in /themes/THEMENAME/)
--uglyURLs[=false]: if true, use /filename.html instead of /filename/
-v, --verbose[=false]: verbose output
--verboseLog[=false]: verbose logging
-w, --watch[=false]: watch filesystem for changes and recreate as needed
Use "hugo [command] --help" for more information about a command.
Help is just a command like any other. There is no special logic or behavior
around it. In fact, you can provide your own if you want.
### Defining your own help
You can provide your own Help command or your own template for the default command to use.
The default help command is
```go
func (c *Command) initHelp() {
if c.helpCommand == nil {
c.helpCommand = &Command{
Use: "help [command]",
Short: "Help about any command",
Long: `Help provides help for any command in the application.
Simply type ` + c.Name() + ` help [path to command] for full details.`,
Run: c.HelpFunc(),
}
}
c.AddCommand(c.helpCommand)
}
```
You can provide your own command, function or template through the following methods:
```go
command.SetHelpCommand(cmd *Command)
command.SetHelpFunc(f func(*Command, []string))
command.SetHelpTemplate(s string)
```
The latter two will also apply to any children commands.
## Usage
When the user provides an invalid flag or invalid command, Cobra responds by
showing the user the 'usage'.
### Example
You may recognize this from the help above. That's because the default help
embeds the usage as part of its output.
Usage:
hugo [flags]
hugo [command]
Available Commands:
server Hugo runs its own webserver to render the files
version Print the version number of Hugo
config Print the site configuration
check Check content in the source directory
benchmark Benchmark hugo by building a site a number of times.
convert Convert your content to different formats
new Create new content for your site
list Listing out various types of content
undraft Undraft changes the content's draft status from 'True' to 'False'
genautocomplete Generate shell autocompletion script for Hugo
gendoc Generate Markdown documentation for the Hugo CLI.
genman Generate man page for Hugo
import Import your site from others.
Flags:
-b, --baseURL="": hostname (and path) to the root, e.g. http://spf13.com/
-D, --buildDrafts[=false]: include content marked as draft
-F, --buildFuture[=false]: include content with publishdate in the future
--cacheDir="": filesystem path to cache directory. Defaults: $TMPDIR/hugo_cache/
--canonifyURLs[=false]: if true, all relative URLs will be canonicalized using baseURL
--config="": config file (default is path/config.yaml|json|toml)
-d, --destination="": filesystem path to write files to
--disableRSS[=false]: Do not build RSS files
--disableSitemap[=false]: Do not build Sitemap file
--editor="": edit new content with this editor, if provided
--ignoreCache[=false]: Ignores the cache directory for reading but still writes to it
--log[=false]: Enable Logging
--logFile="": Log File path (if set, logging enabled automatically)
--noTimes[=false]: Don't sync modification time of files
--pluralizeListTitles[=true]: Pluralize titles in lists using inflect
--preserveTaxonomyNames[=false]: Preserve taxonomy names as written ("Gérard Depardieu" vs "gerard-depardieu")
-s, --source="": filesystem path to read files relative from
--stepAnalysis[=false]: display memory and timing of different steps of the program
-t, --theme="": theme to use (located in /themes/THEMENAME/)
--uglyURLs[=false]: if true, use /filename.html instead of /filename/
-v, --verbose[=false]: verbose output
--verboseLog[=false]: verbose logging
-w, --watch[=false]: watch filesystem for changes and recreate as needed
### Defining your own usage
You can provide your own usage function or template for Cobra to use.
The default usage function is:
```go
return func(c *Command) error {
err := tmpl(c.Out(), c.UsageTemplate(), c)
return err
}
```
Like help, the function and template are overridable through public methods:
```go
command.SetUsageFunc(f func(*Command) error)
command.SetUsageTemplate(s string)
```
## PreRun or PostRun Hooks
It is possible to run functions before or after the main `Run` function of your command. The `PersistentPreRun` and `PreRun` functions will be executed before `Run`. `PersistentPostRun` and `PostRun` will be executed after `Run`. The `Persistent*Run` functions will be inherited by children if they do not declare their own. These functions are run in the following order:
- `PersistentPreRun`
- `PreRun`
- `Run`
- `PostRun`
- `PersistentPostRun`
An example of two commands which use all of these features is below. When the subcommand is executed, it will run the root command's `PersistentPreRun` but not the root command's `PersistentPostRun`:
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
func main() {
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "root [sub]",
Short: "My root command",
PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside rootCmd PersistentPreRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside rootCmd PreRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside rootCmd Run with args: %v\n", args)
},
PostRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside rootCmd PostRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
PersistentPostRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside rootCmd PersistentPostRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
}
var subCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "sub [no options!]",
Short: "My subcommand",
PreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside subCmd PreRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside subCmd Run with args: %v\n", args)
},
PostRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside subCmd PostRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
PersistentPostRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
fmt.Printf("Inside subCmd PersistentPostRun with args: %v\n", args)
},
}
rootCmd.AddCommand(subCmd)
rootCmd.SetArgs([]string{""})
_ = rootCmd.Execute()
fmt.Print("\n")
rootCmd.SetArgs([]string{"sub", "arg1", "arg2"})
_ = rootCmd.Execute()
}
```
## Alternative Error Handling
Cobra also has functions where the return signature is an error. This allows for errors to bubble up to the top,
providing a way to handle the errors in one location. The current list of functions that return an error is:
* PersistentPreRunE
* PreRunE
* RunE
* PostRunE
* PersistentPostRunE
If you would like to silence the default `error` and `usage` output in favor of your own, you can set `SilenceUsage`
and `SilenceErrors` to `false` on the command. A child command respects these flags if they are set on the parent
command.
**Example Usage using RunE:**
```go
package main
import (
"errors"
"log"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
func main() {
var rootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "hugo",
Short: "Hugo is a very fast static site generator",
Long: `A Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator built with
love by spf13 and friends in Go.
Complete documentation is available at http://hugo.spf13.com`,
RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
// Do Stuff Here
return errors.New("some random error")
},
}
if err := rootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
```
## Suggestions when "unknown command" happens
Cobra will print automatic suggestions when "unknown command" errors happen. This allows Cobra to behave similarly to the `git` command when a typo happens. For example:
```
$ hugo srever
Error: unknown command "srever" for "hugo"
Did you mean this?
server
Run 'hugo --help' for usage.
```
Suggestions are automatic based on every subcommand registered and use an implementation of [Levenshtein distance](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein_distance). Every registered command that matches a minimum distance of 2 (ignoring case) will be displayed as a suggestion.
If you need to disable suggestions or tweak the string distance in your command, use:
```go
command.DisableSuggestions = true
```
or
```go
command.SuggestionsMinimumDistance = 1
```
You can also explicitly set names for which a given command will be suggested using the `SuggestFor` attribute. This allows suggestions for strings that are not close in terms of string distance, but makes sense in your set of commands and for some which you don't want aliases. Example:
```
$ kubectl remove
Error: unknown command "remove" for "kubectl"
Did you mean this?
delete
Run 'kubectl help' for usage.
```
## Generating Markdown-formatted documentation for your command
Cobra can generate a Markdown-formatted document based on the subcommands, flags, etc. A simple example of how to do this for your command can be found in [Markdown Docs](doc/md_docs.md).
## Generating man pages for your command
Cobra can generate a man page based on the subcommands, flags, etc. A simple example of how to do this for your command can be found in [Man Docs](doc/man_docs.md).
## Generating bash completions for your command
Cobra can generate a bash-completion file. If you add more information to your command, these completions can be amazingly powerful and flexible. Read more about it in [Bash Completions](bash_completions.md).
## Debugging
Cobra provides a DebugFlags method on a command which, when called, will print
out everything Cobra knows about the flags for each command.
### Example
```go
command.DebugFlags()
```
## Release Notes
* **0.9.0** June 17, 2014
* flags can appears anywhere in the args (provided they are unambiguous)
* --help prints usage screen for app or command
* Prefix matching for commands
* Cleaner looking help and usage output
* Extensive test suite
* **0.8.0** Nov 5, 2013
* Reworked interface to remove commander completely
* Command now primary structure
* No initialization needed
* Usage & Help templates & functions definable at any level
* Updated Readme
* **0.7.0** Sept 24, 2013
* Needs more eyes
* Test suite
* Support for automatic error messages
* Support for help command
* Support for printing to any io.Writer instead of os.Stderr
* Support for persistent flags which cascade down tree
* Ready for integration into Hugo
* **0.1.0** Sept 3, 2013
* Implement first draft
## Extensions
Libraries for extending Cobra:
* [cmdns](https://github.com/gosuri/cmdns): Enables name spacing a command's immediate children. It provides an alternative way to structure subcommands, similar to `heroku apps:create` and `ovrclk clusters:launch`.
## ToDo
* Launch proper documentation site
## Contributing
1. Fork it
2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
5. Create new Pull Request
## Contributors
Names in no particular order:
* [spf13](https://github.com/spf13),
[eparis](https://github.com/eparis),
[bep](https://github.com/bep), and many more!
## License
Cobra is released under the Apache 2.0 license. See [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/spf13/cobra/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/spf13/cobra/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

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package cobra
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"sort"
"strings"
"github.com/spf13/pflag"
)
const (
BashCompFilenameExt = "cobra_annotation_bash_completion_filename_extensions"
BashCompCustom = "cobra_annotation_bash_completion_custom"
BashCompOneRequiredFlag = "cobra_annotation_bash_completion_one_required_flag"
BashCompSubdirsInDir = "cobra_annotation_bash_completion_subdirs_in_dir"
)
func preamble(out io.Writer, name string) error {
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(out, "# bash completion for %-36s -*- shell-script -*-\n", name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = fmt.Fprint(out, `
__debug()
{
if [[ -n ${BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE} ]]; then
echo "$*" >> "${BASH_COMP_DEBUG_FILE}"
fi
}
# Homebrew on Macs have version 1.3 of bash-completion which doesn't include
# _init_completion. This is a very minimal version of that function.
__my_init_completion()
{
COMPREPLY=()
_get_comp_words_by_ref "$@" cur prev words cword
}
__index_of_word()
{
local w word=$1
shift
index=0
for w in "$@"; do
[[ $w = "$word" ]] && return
index=$((index+1))
done
index=-1
}
__contains_word()
{
local w word=$1; shift
for w in "$@"; do
[[ $w = "$word" ]] && return
done
return 1
}
__handle_reply()
{
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}"
case $cur in
-*)
if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
compopt -o nospace
fi
local allflags
if [ ${#must_have_one_flag[@]} -ne 0 ]; then
allflags=("${must_have_one_flag[@]}")
else
allflags=("${flags[*]} ${two_word_flags[*]}")
fi
COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${allflags[*]}" -- "$cur") )
if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
[[ "${COMPREPLY[0]}" == *= ]] || compopt +o nospace
fi
# complete after --flag=abc
if [[ $cur == *=* ]]; then
if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
compopt +o nospace
fi
local index flag
flag="${cur%%=*}"
__index_of_word "${flag}" "${flags_with_completion[@]}"
if [[ ${index} -ge 0 ]]; then
COMPREPLY=()
PREFIX=""
cur="${cur#*=}"
${flags_completion[${index}]}
if [ -n "${ZSH_VERSION}" ]; then
# zfs completion needs --flag= prefix
eval "COMPREPLY=( \"\${COMPREPLY[@]/#/${flag}=}\" )"
fi
fi
fi
return 0;
;;
esac
# check if we are handling a flag with special work handling
local index
__index_of_word "${prev}" "${flags_with_completion[@]}"
if [[ ${index} -ge 0 ]]; then
${flags_completion[${index}]}
return
fi
# we are parsing a flag and don't have a special handler, no completion
if [[ ${cur} != "${words[cword]}" ]]; then
return
fi
local completions
completions=("${commands[@]}")
if [[ ${#must_have_one_noun[@]} -ne 0 ]]; then
completions=("${must_have_one_noun[@]}")
fi
if [[ ${#must_have_one_flag[@]} -ne 0 ]]; then
completions+=("${must_have_one_flag[@]}")
fi
COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${completions[*]}" -- "$cur") )
if [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 && ${#noun_aliases[@]} -gt 0 && ${#must_have_one_noun[@]} -ne 0 ]]; then
COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W "${noun_aliases[*]}" -- "$cur") )
fi
if [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
declare -F __custom_func >/dev/null && __custom_func
fi
__ltrim_colon_completions "$cur"
}
# The arguments should be in the form "ext1|ext2|extn"
__handle_filename_extension_flag()
{
local ext="$1"
_filedir "@(${ext})"
}
__handle_subdirs_in_dir_flag()
{
local dir="$1"
pushd "${dir}" >/dev/null 2>&1 && _filedir -d && popd >/dev/null 2>&1
}
__handle_flag()
{
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: c is $c words[c] is ${words[c]}"
# if a command required a flag, and we found it, unset must_have_one_flag()
local flagname=${words[c]}
local flagvalue
# if the word contained an =
if [[ ${words[c]} == *"="* ]]; then
flagvalue=${flagname#*=} # take in as flagvalue after the =
flagname=${flagname%%=*} # strip everything after the =
flagname="${flagname}=" # but put the = back
fi
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: looking for ${flagname}"
if __contains_word "${flagname}" "${must_have_one_flag[@]}"; then
must_have_one_flag=()
fi
# if you set a flag which only applies to this command, don't show subcommands
if __contains_word "${flagname}" "${local_nonpersistent_flags[@]}"; then
commands=()
fi
# keep flag value with flagname as flaghash
if [ -n "${flagvalue}" ] ; then
flaghash[${flagname}]=${flagvalue}
elif [ -n "${words[ $((c+1)) ]}" ] ; then
flaghash[${flagname}]=${words[ $((c+1)) ]}
else
flaghash[${flagname}]="true" # pad "true" for bool flag
fi
# skip the argument to a two word flag
if __contains_word "${words[c]}" "${two_word_flags[@]}"; then
c=$((c+1))
# if we are looking for a flags value, don't show commands
if [[ $c -eq $cword ]]; then
commands=()
fi
fi
c=$((c+1))
}
__handle_noun()
{
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: c is $c words[c] is ${words[c]}"
if __contains_word "${words[c]}" "${must_have_one_noun[@]}"; then
must_have_one_noun=()
elif __contains_word "${words[c]}" "${noun_aliases[@]}"; then
must_have_one_noun=()
fi
nouns+=("${words[c]}")
c=$((c+1))
}
__handle_command()
{
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: c is $c words[c] is ${words[c]}"
local next_command
if [[ -n ${last_command} ]]; then
next_command="_${last_command}_${words[c]//:/__}"
else
if [[ $c -eq 0 ]]; then
next_command="_$(basename "${words[c]//:/__}")"
else
next_command="_${words[c]//:/__}"
fi
fi
c=$((c+1))
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: looking for ${next_command}"
declare -F $next_command >/dev/null && $next_command
}
__handle_word()
{
if [[ $c -ge $cword ]]; then
__handle_reply
return
fi
__debug "${FUNCNAME[0]}: c is $c words[c] is ${words[c]}"
if [[ "${words[c]}" == -* ]]; then
__handle_flag
elif __contains_word "${words[c]}" "${commands[@]}"; then
__handle_command
elif [[ $c -eq 0 ]] && __contains_word "$(basename "${words[c]}")" "${commands[@]}"; then
__handle_command
else
__handle_noun
fi
__handle_word
}
`)
return err
}
func postscript(w io.Writer, name string) error {
name = strings.Replace(name, ":", "__", -1)
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "__start_%s()\n", name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, `{
local cur prev words cword
declare -A flaghash 2>/dev/null || :
if declare -F _init_completion >/dev/null 2>&1; then
_init_completion -s || return
else
__my_init_completion -n "=" || return
fi
local c=0
local flags=()
local two_word_flags=()
local local_nonpersistent_flags=()
local flags_with_completion=()
local flags_completion=()
local commands=("%s")
local must_have_one_flag=()
local must_have_one_noun=()
local last_command
local nouns=()
__handle_word
}
`, name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, `if [[ $(type -t compopt) = "builtin" ]]; then
complete -o default -F __start_%s %s
else
complete -o default -o nospace -F __start_%s %s
fi
`, name, name, name, name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "# ex: ts=4 sw=4 et filetype=sh\n")
return err
}
func writeCommands(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " commands=()\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c == cmd.helpCommand {
continue
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " commands+=(%q)\n", c.Name()); err != nil {
return err
}
}
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
return err
}
func writeFlagHandler(name string, annotations map[string][]string, w io.Writer) error {
for key, value := range annotations {
switch key {
case BashCompFilenameExt:
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_with_completion+=(%q)\n", name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if len(value) > 0 {
ext := "__handle_filename_extension_flag " + strings.Join(value, "|")
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(%q)\n", ext)
} else {
ext := "_filedir"
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(%q)\n", ext)
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
case BashCompCustom:
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_with_completion+=(%q)\n", name)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if len(value) > 0 {
handlers := strings.Join(value, "; ")
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(%q)\n", handlers)
} else {
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(:)\n")
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
case BashCompSubdirsInDir:
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_with_completion+=(%q)\n", name)
if len(value) == 1 {
ext := "__handle_subdirs_in_dir_flag " + value[0]
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(%q)\n", ext)
} else {
ext := "_filedir -d"
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, " flags_completion+=(%q)\n", ext)
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
func writeShortFlag(flag *pflag.Flag, w io.Writer) error {
b := (len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0)
name := flag.Shorthand
format := " "
if !b {
format += "two_word_"
}
format += "flags+=(\"-%s\")\n"
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, format, name); err != nil {
return err
}
return writeFlagHandler("-"+name, flag.Annotations, w)
}
func writeFlag(flag *pflag.Flag, w io.Writer) error {
b := (len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0)
name := flag.Name
format := " flags+=(\"--%s"
if !b {
format += "="
}
format += "\")\n"
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, format, name); err != nil {
return err
}
return writeFlagHandler("--"+name, flag.Annotations, w)
}
func writeLocalNonPersistentFlag(flag *pflag.Flag, w io.Writer) error {
b := (len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0)
name := flag.Name
format := " local_nonpersistent_flags+=(\"--%s"
if !b {
format += "="
}
format += "\")\n"
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, format, name)
return err
}
func writeFlags(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
_, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, ` flags=()
two_word_flags=()
local_nonpersistent_flags=()
flags_with_completion=()
flags_completion=()
`)
if err != nil {
return err
}
localNonPersistentFlags := cmd.LocalNonPersistentFlags()
var visitErr error
cmd.NonInheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
if nonCompletableFlag(flag) {
return
}
if err := writeFlag(flag, w); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
if err := writeShortFlag(flag, w); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
}
if localNonPersistentFlags.Lookup(flag.Name) != nil {
if err := writeLocalNonPersistentFlag(flag, w); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
}
})
if visitErr != nil {
return visitErr
}
cmd.InheritedFlags().VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
if nonCompletableFlag(flag) {
return
}
if err := writeFlag(flag, w); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
if err := writeShortFlag(flag, w); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
}
})
if visitErr != nil {
return visitErr
}
_, err = fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n")
return err
}
func writeRequiredFlag(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " must_have_one_flag=()\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
flags := cmd.NonInheritedFlags()
var visitErr error
flags.VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
if nonCompletableFlag(flag) {
return
}
for key := range flag.Annotations {
switch key {
case BashCompOneRequiredFlag:
format := " must_have_one_flag+=(\"--%s"
b := (flag.Value.Type() == "bool")
if !b {
format += "="
}
format += "\")\n"
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, format, flag.Name); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " must_have_one_flag+=(\"-%s\")\n", flag.Shorthand); err != nil {
visitErr = err
return
}
}
}
}
})
return visitErr
}
func writeRequiredNouns(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " must_have_one_noun=()\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(cmd.ValidArgs))
for _, value := range cmd.ValidArgs {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " must_have_one_noun+=(%q)\n", value); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func writeArgAliases(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " noun_aliases=()\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(cmd.ArgAliases))
for _, value := range cmd.ArgAliases {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " noun_aliases+=(%q)\n", value); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func gen(cmd *Command, w io.Writer) error {
for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c == cmd.helpCommand {
continue
}
if err := gen(c, w); err != nil {
return err
}
}
commandName := cmd.CommandPath()
commandName = strings.Replace(commandName, " ", "_", -1)
commandName = strings.Replace(commandName, ":", "__", -1)
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "_%s()\n{\n", commandName); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, " last_command=%q\n", commandName); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := writeCommands(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := writeFlags(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := writeRequiredFlag(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := writeRequiredNouns(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := writeArgAliases(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "}\n\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (cmd *Command) GenBashCompletion(w io.Writer) error {
if err := preamble(w, cmd.Name()); err != nil {
return err
}
if len(cmd.BashCompletionFunction) > 0 {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", cmd.BashCompletionFunction); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := gen(cmd, w); err != nil {
return err
}
return postscript(w, cmd.Name())
}
func nonCompletableFlag(flag *pflag.Flag) bool {
return flag.Hidden || len(flag.Deprecated) > 0
}
func (cmd *Command) GenBashCompletionFile(filename string) error {
outFile, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer outFile.Close()
return cmd.GenBashCompletion(outFile)
}
// MarkFlagRequired adds the BashCompOneRequiredFlag annotation to the named flag, if it exists.
func (cmd *Command) MarkFlagRequired(name string) error {
return MarkFlagRequired(cmd.Flags(), name)
}
// MarkPersistentFlagRequired adds the BashCompOneRequiredFlag annotation to the named persistent flag, if it exists.
func (cmd *Command) MarkPersistentFlagRequired(name string) error {
return MarkFlagRequired(cmd.PersistentFlags(), name)
}
// MarkFlagRequired adds the BashCompOneRequiredFlag annotation to the named flag in the flag set, if it exists.
func MarkFlagRequired(flags *pflag.FlagSet, name string) error {
return flags.SetAnnotation(name, BashCompOneRequiredFlag, []string{"true"})
}
// MarkFlagFilename adds the BashCompFilenameExt annotation to the named flag, if it exists.
// Generated bash autocompletion will select filenames for the flag, limiting to named extensions if provided.
func (cmd *Command) MarkFlagFilename(name string, extensions ...string) error {
return MarkFlagFilename(cmd.Flags(), name, extensions...)
}
// MarkFlagCustom adds the BashCompCustom annotation to the named flag, if it exists.
// Generated bash autocompletion will call the bash function f for the flag.
func (cmd *Command) MarkFlagCustom(name string, f string) error {
return MarkFlagCustom(cmd.Flags(), name, f)
}
// MarkPersistentFlagFilename adds the BashCompFilenameExt annotation to the named persistent flag, if it exists.
// Generated bash autocompletion will select filenames for the flag, limiting to named extensions if provided.
func (cmd *Command) MarkPersistentFlagFilename(name string, extensions ...string) error {
return MarkFlagFilename(cmd.PersistentFlags(), name, extensions...)
}
// MarkFlagFilename adds the BashCompFilenameExt annotation to the named flag in the flag set, if it exists.
// Generated bash autocompletion will select filenames for the flag, limiting to named extensions if provided.
func MarkFlagFilename(flags *pflag.FlagSet, name string, extensions ...string) error {
return flags.SetAnnotation(name, BashCompFilenameExt, extensions)
}
// MarkFlagCustom adds the BashCompCustom annotation to the named flag in the flag set, if it exists.
// Generated bash autocompletion will call the bash function f for the flag.
func MarkFlagCustom(flags *pflag.FlagSet, name string, f string) error {
return flags.SetAnnotation(name, BashCompCustom, []string{f})
}

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# Generating Bash Completions For Your Own cobra.Command
Generating bash completions from a cobra command is incredibly easy. An actual program which does so for the kubernetes kubectl binary is as follows:
```go
package main
import (
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd"
)
func main() {
kubectl := cmd.NewFactory(nil).NewKubectlCommand(os.Stdin, ioutil.Discard, ioutil.Discard)
kubectl.GenBashCompletionFile("out.sh")
}
```
That will get you completions of subcommands and flags. If you make additional annotations to your code, you can get even more intelligent and flexible behavior.
## Creating your own custom functions
Some more actual code that works in kubernetes:
```bash
const (
bash_completion_func = `__kubectl_parse_get()
{
local kubectl_output out
if kubectl_output=$(kubectl get --no-headers "$1" 2>/dev/null); then
out=($(echo "${kubectl_output}" | awk '{print $1}'))
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${out[*]}" -- "$cur" ) )
fi
}
__kubectl_get_resource()
{
if [[ ${#nouns[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
return 1
fi
__kubectl_parse_get ${nouns[${#nouns[@]} -1]}
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
return 0
fi
}
__custom_func() {
case ${last_command} in
kubectl_get | kubectl_describe | kubectl_delete | kubectl_stop)
__kubectl_get_resource
return
;;
*)
;;
esac
}
`)
```
And then I set that in my command definition:
```go
cmds := &cobra.Command{
Use: "kubectl",
Short: "kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager",
Long: `kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.
Find more information at https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes.`,
Run: runHelp,
BashCompletionFunction: bash_completion_func,
}
```
The `BashCompletionFunction` option is really only valid/useful on the root command. Doing the above will cause `__custom_func()` to be called when the built in processor was unable to find a solution. In the case of kubernetes a valid command might look something like `kubectl get pod [mypod]`. If you type `kubectl get pod [tab][tab]` the `__customc_func()` will run because the cobra.Command only understood "kubectl" and "get." `__custom_func()` will see that the cobra.Command is "kubectl_get" and will thus call another helper `__kubectl_get_resource()`. `__kubectl_get_resource` will look at the 'nouns' collected. In our example the only noun will be `pod`. So it will call `__kubectl_parse_get pod`. `__kubectl_parse_get` will actually call out to kubernetes and get any pods. It will then set `COMPREPLY` to valid pods!
## Have the completions code complete your 'nouns'
In the above example "pod" was assumed to already be typed. But if you want `kubectl get [tab][tab]` to show a list of valid "nouns" you have to set them. Simplified code from `kubectl get` looks like:
```go
validArgs []string = { "pod", "node", "service", "replicationcontroller" }
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "get [(-o|--output=)json|yaml|template|...] (RESOURCE [NAME] | RESOURCE/NAME ...)",
Short: "Display one or many resources",
Long: get_long,
Example: get_example,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
err := RunGet(f, out, cmd, args)
util.CheckErr(err)
},
ValidArgs: validArgs,
}
```
Notice we put the "ValidArgs" on the "get" subcommand. Doing so will give results like
```bash
# kubectl get [tab][tab]
node pod replicationcontroller service
```
## Plural form and shortcuts for nouns
If your nouns have a number of aliases, you can define them alongside `ValidArgs` using `ArgAliases`:
```go`
argAliases []string = { "pods", "nodes", "services", "svc", "replicationcontrollers", "rc" }
cmd := &cobra.Command{
...
ValidArgs: validArgs,
ArgAliases: argAliases
}
```
The aliases are not shown to the user on tab completion, but they are accepted as valid nouns by
the completion algorithm if entered manually, e.g. in:
```bash
# kubectl get rc [tab][tab]
backend frontend database
```
Note that without declaring `rc` as an alias, the completion algorithm would show the list of nouns
in this example again instead of the replication controllers.
## Mark flags as required
Most of the time completions will only show subcommands. But if a flag is required to make a subcommand work, you probably want it to show up when the user types [tab][tab]. Marking a flag as 'Required' is incredibly easy.
```go
cmd.MarkFlagRequired("pod")
cmd.MarkFlagRequired("container")
```
and you'll get something like
```bash
# kubectl exec [tab][tab][tab]
-c --container= -p --pod=
```
# Specify valid filename extensions for flags that take a filename
In this example we use --filename= and expect to get a json or yaml file as the argument. To make this easier we annotate the --filename flag with valid filename extensions.
```go
annotations := []string{"json", "yaml", "yml"}
annotation := make(map[string][]string)
annotation[cobra.BashCompFilenameExt] = annotations
flag := &pflag.Flag{
Name: "filename",
Shorthand: "f",
Usage: usage,
Value: value,
DefValue: value.String(),
Annotations: annotation,
}
cmd.Flags().AddFlag(flag)
```
Now when you run a command with this filename flag you'll get something like
```bash
# kubectl create -f
test/ example/ rpmbuild/
hello.yml test.json
```
So while there are many other files in the CWD it only shows me subdirs and those with valid extensions.
# Specifiy custom flag completion
Similar to the filename completion and filtering using cobra.BashCompFilenameExt, you can specifiy
a custom flag completion function with cobra.BashCompCustom:
```go
annotation := make(map[string][]string)
annotation[cobra.BashCompFilenameExt] = []string{"__kubectl_get_namespaces"}
flag := &pflag.Flag{
Name: "namespace",
Usage: usage,
Annotations: annotation,
}
cmd.Flags().AddFlag(flag)
```
In addition add the `__handle_namespace_flag` implementation in the `BashCompletionFunction`
value, e.g.:
```bash
__kubectl_get_namespaces()
{
local template
template="{{ range .items }}{{ .metadata.name }} {{ end }}"
local kubectl_out
if kubectl_out=$(kubectl get -o template --template="${template}" namespace 2>/dev/null); then
COMPREPLY=( $( compgen -W "${kubectl_out}[*]" -- "$cur" ) )
fi
}
```

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package cobra
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"os"
"os/exec"
"strings"
"testing"
)
var _ = fmt.Println
var _ = os.Stderr
func checkOmit(t *testing.T, found, unexpected string) {
if strings.Contains(found, unexpected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nGot: %q\nBut should not have!\n", unexpected)
}
}
func check(t *testing.T, found, expected string) {
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
}
func runShellCheck(s string) error {
excluded := []string{
"SC2034", // PREFIX appears unused. Verify it or export it.
}
cmd := exec.Command("shellcheck", "-s", "bash", "-", "-e", strings.Join(excluded, ","))
cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
stdin, err := cmd.StdinPipe()
if err != nil {
return err
}
go func() {
defer stdin.Close()
stdin.Write([]byte(s))
}()
return cmd.Run()
}
// World worst custom function, just keep telling you to enter hello!
const (
bashCompletionFunc = `__custom_func() {
COMPREPLY=( "hello" )
}
`
)
func TestBashCompletions(t *testing.T) {
c := initializeWithRootCmd()
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes)
c.AddCommand(cmdEcho, cmdPrint, cmdDeprecated, cmdColon)
// custom completion function
c.BashCompletionFunction = bashCompletionFunc
// required flag
c.MarkFlagRequired("introot")
// valid nouns
validArgs := []string{"pod", "node", "service", "replicationcontroller"}
c.ValidArgs = validArgs
// noun aliases
argAliases := []string{"pods", "nodes", "services", "replicationcontrollers", "po", "no", "svc", "rc"}
c.ArgAliases = argAliases
// filename
var flagval string
c.Flags().StringVar(&flagval, "filename", "", "Enter a filename")
c.MarkFlagFilename("filename", "json", "yaml", "yml")
// persistent filename
var flagvalPersistent string
c.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&flagvalPersistent, "persistent-filename", "", "Enter a filename")
c.MarkPersistentFlagFilename("persistent-filename")
c.MarkPersistentFlagRequired("persistent-filename")
// filename extensions
var flagvalExt string
c.Flags().StringVar(&flagvalExt, "filename-ext", "", "Enter a filename (extension limited)")
c.MarkFlagFilename("filename-ext")
// filename extensions
var flagvalCustom string
c.Flags().StringVar(&flagvalCustom, "custom", "", "Enter a filename (extension limited)")
c.MarkFlagCustom("custom", "__complete_custom")
// subdirectories in a given directory
var flagvalTheme string
c.Flags().StringVar(&flagvalTheme, "theme", "", "theme to use (located in /themes/THEMENAME/)")
c.Flags().SetAnnotation("theme", BashCompSubdirsInDir, []string{"themes"})
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
c.GenBashCompletion(out)
str := out.String()
check(t, str, "_cobra-test")
check(t, str, "_cobra-test_echo")
check(t, str, "_cobra-test_echo_times")
check(t, str, "_cobra-test_print")
check(t, str, "_cobra-test_cmd__colon")
// check for required flags
check(t, str, `must_have_one_flag+=("--introot=")`)
check(t, str, `must_have_one_flag+=("--persistent-filename=")`)
// check for custom completion function
check(t, str, `COMPREPLY=( "hello" )`)
// check for required nouns
check(t, str, `must_have_one_noun+=("pod")`)
// check for noun aliases
check(t, str, `noun_aliases+=("pods")`)
check(t, str, `noun_aliases+=("rc")`)
checkOmit(t, str, `must_have_one_noun+=("pods")`)
// check for filename extension flags
check(t, str, `flags_completion+=("_filedir")`)
// check for filename extension flags
check(t, str, `flags_completion+=("__handle_filename_extension_flag json|yaml|yml")`)
// check for custom flags
check(t, str, `flags_completion+=("__complete_custom")`)
// check for subdirs_in_dir flags
check(t, str, `flags_completion+=("__handle_subdirs_in_dir_flag themes")`)
checkOmit(t, str, cmdDeprecated.Name())
// if available, run shellcheck against the script
if err := exec.Command("which", "shellcheck").Run(); err != nil {
return
}
err := runShellCheck(str)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("shellcheck failed: %v", err)
}
}
func TestBashCompletionHiddenFlag(t *testing.T) {
var cmdTrue = &Command{
Use: "does nothing",
Run: func(cmd *Command, args []string) {},
}
const flagName = "hidden-foo-bar-baz"
var flagValue bool
cmdTrue.Flags().BoolVar(&flagValue, flagName, false, "hidden flag")
cmdTrue.Flags().MarkHidden(flagName)
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
cmdTrue.GenBashCompletion(out)
bashCompletion := out.String()
if strings.Contains(bashCompletion, flagName) {
t.Errorf("expected completion to not include %q flag: Got %v", flagName, bashCompletion)
}
}
func TestBashCompletionDeprecatedFlag(t *testing.T) {
var cmdTrue = &Command{
Use: "does nothing",
Run: func(cmd *Command, args []string) {},
}
const flagName = "deprecated-foo-bar-baz"
var flagValue bool
cmdTrue.Flags().BoolVar(&flagValue, flagName, false, "hidden flag")
cmdTrue.Flags().MarkDeprecated(flagName, "use --does-not-exist instead")
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
cmdTrue.GenBashCompletion(out)
bashCompletion := out.String()
if strings.Contains(bashCompletion, flagName) {
t.Errorf("expected completion to not include %q flag: Got %v", flagName, bashCompletion)
}
}

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// Copyright © 2013 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// Commands similar to git, go tools and other modern CLI tools
// inspired by go, go-Commander, gh and subcommand
package cobra
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"text/template"
"unicode"
)
var templateFuncs = template.FuncMap{
"trim": strings.TrimSpace,
"trimRightSpace": trimRightSpace,
"appendIfNotPresent": appendIfNotPresent,
"rpad": rpad,
"gt": Gt,
"eq": Eq,
}
var initializers []func()
// Automatic prefix matching can be a dangerous thing to automatically enable in CLI tools.
// Set this to true to enable it.
var EnablePrefixMatching = false
// EnableCommandSorting controls sorting of the slice of commands, which is turned on by default.
// To disable sorting, set it to false.
var EnableCommandSorting = true
// AddTemplateFunc adds a template function that's available to Usage and Help
// template generation.
func AddTemplateFunc(name string, tmplFunc interface{}) {
templateFuncs[name] = tmplFunc
}
// AddTemplateFuncs adds multiple template functions availalble to Usage and
// Help template generation.
func AddTemplateFuncs(tmplFuncs template.FuncMap) {
for k, v := range tmplFuncs {
templateFuncs[k] = v
}
}
// OnInitialize takes a series of func() arguments and appends them to a slice of func().
func OnInitialize(y ...func()) {
initializers = append(initializers, y...)
}
// Gt takes two types and checks whether the first type is greater than the second. In case of types Arrays, Chans,
// Maps and Slices, Gt will compare their lengths. Ints are compared directly while strings are first parsed as
// ints and then compared.
func Gt(a interface{}, b interface{}) bool {
var left, right int64
av := reflect.ValueOf(a)
switch av.Kind() {
case reflect.Array, reflect.Chan, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
left = int64(av.Len())
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
left = av.Int()
case reflect.String:
left, _ = strconv.ParseInt(av.String(), 10, 64)
}
bv := reflect.ValueOf(b)
switch bv.Kind() {
case reflect.Array, reflect.Chan, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
right = int64(bv.Len())
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
right = bv.Int()
case reflect.String:
right, _ = strconv.ParseInt(bv.String(), 10, 64)
}
return left > right
}
// Eq takes two types and checks whether they are equal. Supported types are int and string. Unsupported types will panic.
func Eq(a interface{}, b interface{}) bool {
av := reflect.ValueOf(a)
bv := reflect.ValueOf(b)
switch av.Kind() {
case reflect.Array, reflect.Chan, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
panic("Eq called on unsupported type")
case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
return av.Int() == bv.Int()
case reflect.String:
return av.String() == bv.String()
}
return false
}
func trimRightSpace(s string) string {
return strings.TrimRightFunc(s, unicode.IsSpace)
}
// appendIfNotPresent will append stringToAppend to the end of s, but only if it's not yet present in s.
func appendIfNotPresent(s, stringToAppend string) string {
if strings.Contains(s, stringToAppend) {
return s
}
return s + " " + stringToAppend
}
// rpad adds padding to the right of a string.
func rpad(s string, padding int) string {
template := fmt.Sprintf("%%-%ds", padding)
return fmt.Sprintf(template, s)
}
// tmpl executes the given template text on data, writing the result to w.
func tmpl(w io.Writer, text string, data interface{}) error {
t := template.New("top")
t.Funcs(templateFuncs)
template.Must(t.Parse(text))
return t.Execute(w, data)
}
// ld compares two strings and returns the levenshtein distance between them.
func ld(s, t string, ignoreCase bool) int {
if ignoreCase {
s = strings.ToLower(s)
t = strings.ToLower(t)
}
d := make([][]int, len(s)+1)
for i := range d {
d[i] = make([]int, len(t)+1)
}
for i := range d {
d[i][0] = i
}
for j := range d[0] {
d[0][j] = j
}
for j := 1; j <= len(t); j++ {
for i := 1; i <= len(s); i++ {
if s[i-1] == t[j-1] {
d[i][j] = d[i-1][j-1]
} else {
min := d[i-1][j]
if d[i][j-1] < min {
min = d[i][j-1]
}
if d[i-1][j-1] < min {
min = d[i-1][j-1]
}
d[i][j] = min + 1
}
}
}
return d[len(s)][len(t)]
}

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// Copyright © 2015 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
func init() {
RootCmd.AddCommand(addCmd)
}
var pName string
// initialize Command
var addCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "add [command name]",
Aliases: []string{"command"},
Short: "Add a command to a Cobra Application",
Long: `Add (cobra add) will create a new command, with a license and
the appropriate structure for a Cobra-based CLI application,
and register it to its parent (default RootCmd).
If you want your command to be public, pass in the command name
with an initial uppercase letter.
Example: cobra add server -> resulting in a new cmd/server.go
`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
if len(args) != 1 {
er("add needs a name for the command")
}
guessProjectPath()
createCmdFile(args[0])
},
}
func init() {
addCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&pName, "parent", "p", "RootCmd", "name of parent command for this command")
}
func parentName() string {
if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(pName), "cmd") {
return pName + "Cmd"
}
return pName
}
func createCmdFile(cmdName string) {
lic := getLicense()
template := `{{ comment .copyright }}
{{ comment .license }}
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
// {{.cmdName}}Cmd represents the {{.cmdName}} command
var {{ .cmdName }}Cmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "{{ .cmdName }}",
Short: "A brief description of your command",
Long: ` + "`" + `A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains examples
and usage of using your command. For example:
Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.` + "`" + `,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
// TODO: Work your own magic here
fmt.Println("{{ .cmdName }} called")
},
}
func init() {
{{ .parentName }}.AddCommand({{ .cmdName }}Cmd)
// Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.
// Cobra supports Persistent Flags which will work for this command
// and all subcommands, e.g.:
// {{.cmdName}}Cmd.PersistentFlags().String("foo", "", "A help for foo")
// Cobra supports local flags which will only run when this command
// is called directly, e.g.:
// {{.cmdName}}Cmd.Flags().BoolP("toggle", "t", false, "Help message for toggle")
}
`
var data map[string]interface{}
data = make(map[string]interface{})
data["copyright"] = copyrightLine()
data["license"] = lic.Header
data["appName"] = projectName()
data["viper"] = viper.GetBool("useViper")
data["parentName"] = parentName()
data["cmdName"] = cmdName
err := writeTemplateToFile(filepath.Join(ProjectPath(), guessCmdDir()), cmdName+".go", template, data)
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
fmt.Println(cmdName, "created at", filepath.Join(ProjectPath(), guessCmdDir(), cmdName+".go"))
}

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// Copyright © 2015 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package cmd
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"text/template"
"time"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
// var BaseDir = ""
// var AppName = ""
// var CommandDir = ""
var funcMap template.FuncMap
var projectPath = ""
var inputPath = ""
var projectBase = ""
// for testing only
var testWd = ""
var cmdDirs = []string{"cmd", "cmds", "command", "commands"}
func init() {
funcMap = template.FuncMap{
"comment": commentifyString,
}
}
func er(msg interface{}) {
fmt.Println("Error:", msg)
os.Exit(-1)
}
// Check if a file or directory exists.
func exists(path string) (bool, error) {
_, err := os.Stat(path)
if err == nil {
return true, nil
}
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
return false, nil
}
return false, err
}
func ProjectPath() string {
if projectPath == "" {
guessProjectPath()
}
return projectPath
}
// wrapper of the os package so we can test better
func getWd() (string, error) {
if testWd == "" {
return os.Getwd()
}
return testWd, nil
}
func guessCmdDir() string {
guessProjectPath()
if b, _ := isEmpty(projectPath); b {
return "cmd"
}
files, _ := filepath.Glob(projectPath + string(os.PathSeparator) + "c*")
for _, f := range files {
for _, c := range cmdDirs {
if f == c {
return c
}
}
}
return "cmd"
}
func guessImportPath() string {
guessProjectPath()
if !strings.HasPrefix(projectPath, getSrcPath()) {
er("Cobra only supports project within $GOPATH")
}
return filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(projectPath, getSrcPath())))
}
func getSrcPath() string {
return filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "src") + string(os.PathSeparator)
}
func projectName() string {
return filepath.Base(ProjectPath())
}
func guessProjectPath() {
// if no path is provided... assume CWD.
if inputPath == "" {
x, err := getWd()
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
// inspect CWD
base := filepath.Base(x)
// if we are in the cmd directory.. back up
for _, c := range cmdDirs {
if base == c {
projectPath = filepath.Dir(x)
return
}
}
if projectPath == "" {
projectPath = filepath.Clean(x)
return
}
}
srcPath := getSrcPath()
// if provided, inspect for logical locations
if strings.ContainsRune(inputPath, os.PathSeparator) {
if filepath.IsAbs(inputPath) || filepath.HasPrefix(inputPath, string(os.PathSeparator)) {
// if Absolute, use it
projectPath = filepath.Clean(inputPath)
return
}
// If not absolute but contains slashes,
// assuming it means create it from $GOPATH
count := strings.Count(inputPath, string(os.PathSeparator))
switch count {
// If only one directory deep, assume "github.com"
case 1:
projectPath = filepath.Join(srcPath, "github.com", inputPath)
return
case 2:
projectPath = filepath.Join(srcPath, inputPath)
return
default:
er("Unknown directory")
}
} else {
// hardest case.. just a word.
if projectBase == "" {
x, err := getWd()
if err == nil {
projectPath = filepath.Join(x, inputPath)
return
}
er(err)
} else {
projectPath = filepath.Join(srcPath, projectBase, inputPath)
return
}
}
}
// isEmpty checks if a given path is empty.
func isEmpty(path string) (bool, error) {
if b, _ := exists(path); !b {
return false, fmt.Errorf("%q path does not exist", path)
}
fi, err := os.Stat(path)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
if fi.IsDir() {
f, err := os.Open(path)
// FIX: Resource leak - f.close() should be called here by defer or is missed
// if the err != nil branch is taken.
defer f.Close()
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
list, _ := f.Readdir(-1)
// f.Close() - see bug fix above
return len(list) == 0, nil
}
return fi.Size() == 0, nil
}
// isDir checks if a given path is a directory.
func isDir(path string) (bool, error) {
fi, err := os.Stat(path)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
return fi.IsDir(), nil
}
// dirExists checks if a path exists and is a directory.
func dirExists(path string) (bool, error) {
fi, err := os.Stat(path)
if err == nil && fi.IsDir() {
return true, nil
}
if os.IsNotExist(err) {
return false, nil
}
return false, err
}
func writeTemplateToFile(path string, file string, template string, data interface{}) error {
filename := filepath.Join(path, file)
r, err := templateToReader(template, data)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = safeWriteToDisk(filename, r)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func writeStringToFile(path, file, text string) error {
filename := filepath.Join(path, file)
r := strings.NewReader(text)
err := safeWriteToDisk(filename, r)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func templateToReader(tpl string, data interface{}) (io.Reader, error) {
tmpl := template.New("")
tmpl.Funcs(funcMap)
tmpl, err := tmpl.Parse(tpl)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
err = tmpl.Execute(buf, data)
return buf, err
}
// Same as WriteToDisk but checks to see if file/directory already exists.
func safeWriteToDisk(inpath string, r io.Reader) (err error) {
dir, _ := filepath.Split(inpath)
ospath := filepath.FromSlash(dir)
if ospath != "" {
err = os.MkdirAll(ospath, 0777) // rwx, rw, r
if err != nil {
return
}
}
ex, err := exists(inpath)
if err != nil {
return
}
if ex {
return fmt.Errorf("%v already exists", inpath)
}
file, err := os.Create(inpath)
if err != nil {
return
}
defer file.Close()
_, err = io.Copy(file, r)
return
}
func getLicense() License {
l := whichLicense()
if l != "" {
if x, ok := Licenses[l]; ok {
return x
}
}
return Licenses["apache"]
}
func whichLicense() string {
// if explicitly flagged, use that
if userLicense != "" {
return matchLicense(userLicense)
}
// if already present in the project, use that
// TODO: Inspect project for existing license
// default to viper's setting
if viper.IsSet("license.header") || viper.IsSet("license.text") {
if custom, ok := Licenses["custom"]; ok {
custom.Header = viper.GetString("license.header")
custom.Text = viper.GetString("license.text")
Licenses["custom"] = custom
return "custom"
}
}
return matchLicense(viper.GetString("license"))
}
func copyrightLine() string {
author := viper.GetString("author")
year := time.Now().Format("2006")
return "Copyright © " + year + " " + author
}
func commentifyString(in string) string {
var newlines []string
lines := strings.Split(in, "\n")
for _, x := range lines {
if !strings.HasPrefix(x, "//") {
if x != "" {
newlines = append(newlines, "// "+x)
} else {
newlines = append(newlines, "//")
}
} else {
newlines = append(newlines, x)
}
}
return strings.Join(newlines, "\n")
}

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package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"testing"
)
var _ = fmt.Println
var _ = os.Stderr
func checkGuess(t *testing.T, wd, input, expected string) {
testWd = wd
inputPath = input
guessProjectPath()
if projectPath != expected {
t.Errorf("Unexpected Project Path. \n Got: %q\nExpected: %q\n", projectPath, expected)
}
reset()
}
func reset() {
testWd = ""
inputPath = ""
projectPath = ""
}
func TestProjectPath(t *testing.T) {
checkGuess(t, "", filepath.Join("github.com", "spf13", "hugo"), filepath.Join(getSrcPath(), "github.com", "spf13", "hugo"))
checkGuess(t, "", filepath.Join("spf13", "hugo"), filepath.Join(getSrcPath(), "github.com", "spf13", "hugo"))
checkGuess(t, "", filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo"), filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo"))
checkGuess(t, "/bar/foo", "baz", filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo", "baz"))
checkGuess(t, "/bar/foo/cmd", "", filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo"))
checkGuess(t, "/bar/foo/command", "", filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo"))
checkGuess(t, "/bar/foo/commands", "", filepath.Join("/", "bar", "foo"))
checkGuess(t, "github.com/spf13/hugo/../hugo", "", filepath.Join("github.com", "spf13", "hugo"))
}

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// Copyright © 2015 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package cmd
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"os"
"strings"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
func init() {
RootCmd.AddCommand(initCmd)
}
// initialize Command
var initCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "init [name]",
Aliases: []string{"initialize", "initialise", "create"},
Short: "Initialize a Cobra Application",
Long: `Initialize (cobra init) will create a new application, with a license
and the appropriate structure for a Cobra-based CLI application.
* If a name is provided, it will be created in the current directory;
* If no name is provided, the current directory will be assumed;
* If a relative path is provided, it will be created inside $GOPATH
(e.g. github.com/spf13/hugo);
* If an absolute path is provided, it will be created;
* If the directory already exists but is empty, it will be used.
Init will not use an existing directory with contents.`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
switch len(args) {
case 0:
inputPath = ""
case 1:
inputPath = args[0]
default:
er("init doesn't support more than 1 parameter")
}
guessProjectPath()
initializePath(projectPath)
},
}
func initializePath(path string) {
b, err := exists(path)
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
if !b { // If path doesn't yet exist, create it
err := os.MkdirAll(path, os.ModePerm)
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
} else { // If path exists and is not empty don't use it
empty, err := exists(path)
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
if !empty {
er("Cobra will not create a new project in a non empty directory")
}
}
// We have a directory and it's empty.. Time to initialize it.
createLicenseFile()
createMainFile()
createRootCmdFile()
}
func createLicenseFile() {
lic := getLicense()
// Don't bother writing a LICENSE file if there is no text.
if lic.Text != "" {
data := make(map[string]interface{})
// Try to remove the email address, if any
data["copyright"] = strings.Split(copyrightLine(), " <")[0]
data["appName"] = projectName()
// Generate license template from text and data.
r, _ := templateToReader(lic.Text, data)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
buf.ReadFrom(r)
err := writeTemplateToFile(ProjectPath(), "LICENSE", buf.String(), data)
_ = err
// if err != nil {
// er(err)
// }
}
}
func createMainFile() {
lic := getLicense()
template := `{{ comment .copyright }}
{{if .license}}{{ comment .license }}
{{end}}
package main
import "{{ .importpath }}"
func main() {
cmd.Execute()
}
`
data := make(map[string]interface{})
data["copyright"] = copyrightLine()
data["appName"] = projectName()
// Generate license template from header and data.
r, _ := templateToReader(lic.Header, data)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
buf.ReadFrom(r)
data["license"] = buf.String()
data["importpath"] = guessImportPath() + "/" + guessCmdDir()
err := writeTemplateToFile(ProjectPath(), "main.go", template, data)
_ = err
// if err != nil {
// er(err)
// }
}
func createRootCmdFile() {
lic := getLicense()
template := `{{ comment .copyright }}
{{if .license}}{{ comment .license }}
{{end}}
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
{{ if .viper }} "github.com/spf13/viper"
{{ end }})
{{if .viper}}
var cfgFile string
{{ end }}
// RootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands
var RootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "{{ .appName }}",
Short: "A brief description of your application",
Long: ` + "`" + `A longer description that spans multiple lines and likely contains
examples and usage of using your application. For example:
Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.` + "`" + `,
// Uncomment the following line if your bare application
// has an action associated with it:
// Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) { },
}
// Execute adds all child commands to the root command sets flags appropriately.
// This is called by main.main(). It only needs to happen once to the rootCmd.
func Execute() {
if err := RootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(-1)
}
}
func init() {
{{ if .viper }} cobra.OnInitialize(initConfig)
{{ end }} // Here you will define your flags and configuration settings.
// Cobra supports Persistent Flags, which, if defined here,
// will be global for your application.
{{ if .viper }}
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cfgFile, "config", "", "config file (default is $HOME/.{{ .appName }}.yaml)")
{{ else }}
// RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cfgFile, "config", "", "config file (default is $HOME/.{{ .appName }}.yaml)")
{{ end }} // Cobra also supports local flags, which will only run
// when this action is called directly.
RootCmd.Flags().BoolP("toggle", "t", false, "Help message for toggle")
}
{{ if .viper }}
// initConfig reads in config file and ENV variables if set.
func initConfig() {
if cfgFile != "" { // enable ability to specify config file via flag
viper.SetConfigFile(cfgFile)
}
viper.SetConfigName(".{{ .appName }}") // name of config file (without extension)
viper.AddConfigPath("$HOME") // adding home directory as first search path
viper.AutomaticEnv() // read in environment variables that match
// If a config file is found, read it in.
if err := viper.ReadInConfig(); err == nil {
fmt.Println("Using config file:", viper.ConfigFileUsed())
}
}
{{ end }}`
data := make(map[string]interface{})
data["copyright"] = copyrightLine()
data["appName"] = projectName()
// Generate license template from header and data.
r, _ := templateToReader(lic.Header, data)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
buf.ReadFrom(r)
data["license"] = buf.String()
data["viper"] = viper.GetBool("useViper")
err := writeTemplateToFile(ProjectPath()+string(os.PathSeparator)+guessCmdDir(), "root.go", template, data)
if err != nil {
er(err)
}
fmt.Println("Your Cobra application is ready at")
fmt.Println(ProjectPath())
fmt.Println("Give it a try by going there and running `go run main.go`")
fmt.Println("Add commands to it by running `cobra add [cmdname]`")
}

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// Copyright © 2015 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package cmd
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/viper"
)
var cfgFile string
var userLicense string
// RootCmd represents the base command when called without any subcommands
var RootCmd = &cobra.Command{
Use: "cobra",
Short: "A generator for Cobra based Applications",
Long: `Cobra is a CLI library for Go that empowers applications.
This application is a tool to generate the needed files
to quickly create a Cobra application.`,
}
//Execute adds all child commands to the root command sets flags appropriately.
func Execute() {
if err := RootCmd.Execute(); err != nil {
fmt.Println(err)
os.Exit(-1)
}
}
func init() {
cobra.OnInitialize(initConfig)
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&cfgFile, "config", "", "config file (default is $HOME/.cobra.yaml)")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&projectBase, "projectbase", "b", "", "base project directory, e.g. github.com/spf13/")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringP("author", "a", "YOUR NAME", "Author name for copyright attribution")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&userLicense, "license", "l", "", "Name of license for the project (can provide `license` in config)")
RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Bool("viper", true, "Use Viper for configuration")
viper.BindPFlag("author", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("author"))
viper.BindPFlag("projectbase", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("projectbase"))
viper.BindPFlag("useViper", RootCmd.PersistentFlags().Lookup("viper"))
viper.SetDefault("author", "NAME HERE <EMAIL ADDRESS>")
viper.SetDefault("license", "apache")
}
// Read in config file and ENV variables if set.
func initConfig() {
if cfgFile != "" { // enable ability to specify config file via flag
viper.SetConfigFile(cfgFile)
}
viper.SetConfigName(".cobra") // name of config file (without extension)
viper.AddConfigPath("$HOME") // adding home directory as first search path
viper.AutomaticEnv() // read in environment variables that match
// If a config file is found, read it in.
if err := viper.ReadInConfig(); err == nil {
fmt.Println("Using config file:", viper.ConfigFileUsed())
}
}

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// Copyright © 2015 Steve Francia <spf@spf13.com>.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package main
import "github.com/spf13/cobra/cobra/cmd"
func main() {
cmd.Execute()
}

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// +build !windows
package cobra
var preExecHookFn func(*Command)

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package cobra
import (
"os"
"reflect"
"testing"
)
// test to ensure hidden commands run as intended
func TestHiddenCommandExecutes(t *testing.T) {
// ensure that outs does not already equal what the command will be setting it
// to, if it did this test would not actually be testing anything...
if outs == "hidden" {
t.Errorf("outs should NOT EQUAL hidden")
}
cmdHidden.Execute()
// upon running the command, the value of outs should now be 'hidden'
if outs != "hidden" {
t.Errorf("Hidden command failed to run!")
}
}
// test to ensure hidden commands do not show up in usage/help text
func TestHiddenCommandIsHidden(t *testing.T) {
if cmdHidden.IsAvailableCommand() {
t.Errorf("Hidden command found!")
}
}
func TestStripFlags(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
input []string
output []string
}{
{
[]string{"foo", "bar"},
[]string{"foo", "bar"},
},
{
[]string{"foo", "--bar", "-b"},
[]string{"foo"},
},
{
[]string{"-b", "foo", "--bar", "bar"},
[]string{},
},
{
[]string{"-i10", "echo"},
[]string{"echo"},
},
{
[]string{"-i=10", "echo"},
[]string{"echo"},
},
{
[]string{"--int=100", "echo"},
[]string{"echo"},
},
{
[]string{"-ib", "echo", "-bfoo", "baz"},
[]string{"echo", "baz"},
},
{
[]string{"-i=baz", "bar", "-i", "foo", "blah"},
[]string{"bar", "blah"},
},
{
[]string{"--int=baz", "-bbar", "-i", "foo", "blah"},
[]string{"blah"},
},
{
[]string{"--cat", "bar", "-i", "foo", "blah"},
[]string{"bar", "blah"},
},
{
[]string{"-c", "bar", "-i", "foo", "blah"},
[]string{"bar", "blah"},
},
{
[]string{"--persist", "bar"},
[]string{"bar"},
},
{
[]string{"-p", "bar"},
[]string{"bar"},
},
}
cmdPrint := &Command{
Use: "print [string to print]",
Short: "Print anything to the screen",
Long: `an utterly useless command for testing.`,
Run: func(cmd *Command, args []string) {
tp = args
},
}
var flagi int
var flagstr string
var flagbool bool
cmdPrint.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&flagbool, "persist", "p", false, "help for persistent one")
cmdPrint.Flags().IntVarP(&flagi, "int", "i", 345, "help message for flag int")
cmdPrint.Flags().StringVarP(&flagstr, "bar", "b", "bar", "help message for flag string")
cmdPrint.Flags().BoolVarP(&flagbool, "cat", "c", false, "help message for flag bool")
for _, test := range tests {
output := stripFlags(test.input, cmdPrint)
if !reflect.DeepEqual(test.output, output) {
t.Errorf("expected: %v, got: %v", test.output, output)
}
}
}
func Test_DisableFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
as := []string{"-v", "-race", "-file", "foo.go"}
targs := []string{}
cmdPrint := &Command{
DisableFlagParsing: true,
Run: func(cmd *Command, args []string) {
targs = args
},
}
osargs := []string{"cmd"}
os.Args = append(osargs, as...)
err := cmdPrint.Execute()
if err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(as, targs) {
t.Errorf("expected: %v, got: %v", as, targs)
}
}
func TestCommandsAreSorted(t *testing.T) {
EnableCommandSorting = true
originalNames := []string{"middle", "zlast", "afirst"}
expectedNames := []string{"afirst", "middle", "zlast"}
var tmpCommand = &Command{Use: "tmp"}
for _, name := range originalNames {
tmpCommand.AddCommand(&Command{Use: name})
}
for i, c := range tmpCommand.Commands() {
if expectedNames[i] != c.Name() {
t.Errorf("expected: %s, got: %s", expectedNames[i], c.Name())
}
}
EnableCommandSorting = true
}
func TestEnableCommandSortingIsDisabled(t *testing.T) {
EnableCommandSorting = false
originalNames := []string{"middle", "zlast", "afirst"}
var tmpCommand = &Command{Use: "tmp"}
for _, name := range originalNames {
tmpCommand.AddCommand(&Command{Use: name})
}
for i, c := range tmpCommand.Commands() {
if originalNames[i] != c.Name() {
t.Errorf("expected: %s, got: %s", originalNames[i], c.Name())
}
}
EnableCommandSorting = true
}

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// +build windows
package cobra
import (
"os"
"time"
"github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap"
)
var preExecHookFn = preExecHook
// enables an information splash screen on Windows if the CLI is started from explorer.exe.
var MousetrapHelpText string = `This is a command line tool
You need to open cmd.exe and run it from there.
`
func preExecHook(c *Command) {
if mousetrap.StartedByExplorer() {
c.Print(MousetrapHelpText)
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
os.Exit(1)
}
}

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package doc
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"runtime"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var flagb1, flagb2, flagb3, flagbr, flagbp bool
var flags1, flags2a, flags2b, flags3 string
var flagi1, flagi2, flagi3, flagir int
const strtwoParentHelp = "help message for parent flag strtwo"
const strtwoChildHelp = "help message for child flag strtwo"
var cmdEcho = &cobra.Command{
Use: "echo [string to echo]",
Aliases: []string{"say"},
Short: "Echo anything to the screen",
Long: `an utterly useless command for testing.`,
Example: "Just run cobra-test echo",
}
var cmdEchoSub = &cobra.Command{
Use: "echosub [string to print]",
Short: "second sub command for echo",
Long: `an absolutely utterly useless command for testing gendocs!.`,
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {},
}
var cmdDeprecated = &cobra.Command{
Use: "deprecated [can't do anything here]",
Short: "A command which is deprecated",
Long: `an absolutely utterly useless command for testing deprecation!.`,
Deprecated: "Please use echo instead",
}
var cmdTimes = &cobra.Command{
Use: "times [# times] [string to echo]",
SuggestFor: []string{"counts"},
Short: "Echo anything to the screen more times",
Long: `a slightly useless command for testing.`,
PersistentPreRun: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {},
Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {},
}
var cmdPrint = &cobra.Command{
Use: "print [string to print]",
Short: "Print anything to the screen",
Long: `an absolutely utterly useless command for testing.`,
}
var cmdRootNoRun = &cobra.Command{
Use: "cobra-test",
Short: "The root can run its own function",
Long: "The root description for help",
}
var cmdRootSameName = &cobra.Command{
Use: "print",
Short: "Root with the same name as a subcommand",
Long: "The root description for help",
}
var cmdRootWithRun = &cobra.Command{
Use: "cobra-test",
Short: "The root can run its own function",
Long: "The root description for help",
}
var cmdSubNoRun = &cobra.Command{
Use: "subnorun",
Short: "A subcommand without a Run function",
Long: "A long output about a subcommand without a Run function",
}
var cmdVersion1 = &cobra.Command{
Use: "version",
Short: "Print the version number",
Long: `First version of the version command`,
}
var cmdVersion2 = &cobra.Command{
Use: "version",
Short: "Print the version number",
Long: `Second version of the version command`,
}
func flagInit() {
cmdEcho.ResetFlags()
cmdPrint.ResetFlags()
cmdTimes.ResetFlags()
cmdRootNoRun.ResetFlags()
cmdRootSameName.ResetFlags()
cmdRootWithRun.ResetFlags()
cmdSubNoRun.ResetFlags()
cmdRootNoRun.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2a, "strtwo", "t", "two", strtwoParentHelp)
cmdEcho.Flags().IntVarP(&flagi1, "intone", "i", 123, "help message for flag intone")
cmdTimes.Flags().IntVarP(&flagi2, "inttwo", "j", 234, "help message for flag inttwo")
cmdPrint.Flags().IntVarP(&flagi3, "intthree", "i", 345, "help message for flag intthree")
cmdEcho.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags1, "strone", "s", "one", "help message for flag strone")
cmdEcho.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&flagbp, "persistentbool", "p", false, "help message for flag persistentbool")
cmdTimes.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2b, "strtwo", "t", "2", strtwoChildHelp)
cmdPrint.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags3, "strthree", "s", "three", "help message for flag strthree")
cmdEcho.Flags().BoolVarP(&flagb1, "boolone", "b", true, "help message for flag boolone")
cmdTimes.Flags().BoolVarP(&flagb2, "booltwo", "c", false, "help message for flag booltwo")
cmdPrint.Flags().BoolVarP(&flagb3, "boolthree", "b", true, "help message for flag boolthree")
cmdVersion1.ResetFlags()
cmdVersion2.ResetFlags()
}
func initializeWithRootCmd() *cobra.Command {
cmdRootWithRun.ResetCommands()
flagInit()
cmdRootWithRun.Flags().BoolVarP(&flagbr, "boolroot", "b", false, "help message for flag boolroot")
cmdRootWithRun.Flags().IntVarP(&flagir, "introot", "i", 321, "help message for flag introot")
return cmdRootWithRun
}
func checkStringContains(t *testing.T, found, expected string) {
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
logErr(t, found, expected)
}
}
func checkStringOmits(t *testing.T, found, expected string) {
if strings.Contains(found, expected) {
logErr(t, found, expected)
}
}
func logErr(t *testing.T, found, expected string) {
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
_, _, line, ok := runtime.Caller(2)
if ok {
fmt.Fprintf(out, "Line: %d ", line)
}
fmt.Fprintf(out, "Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
t.Errorf(out.String())
}

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@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
// Copyright 2015 Red Hat Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package doc
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"sort"
"strings"
"time"
mangen "github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/md2man"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/pflag"
)
// GenManTree will generate a man page for this command and all descendants
// in the directory given. The header may be nil. This function may not work
// correctly if your command names have - in them. If you have `cmd` with two
// subcmds, `sub` and `sub-third`. And `sub` has a subcommand called `third`
// it is undefined which help output will be in the file `cmd-sub-third.1`.
func GenManTree(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader, dir string) error {
return GenManTreeFromOpts(cmd, GenManTreeOptions{
Header: header,
Path: dir,
CommandSeparator: "_",
})
}
// GenManTreeFromOpts generates a man page for the command and all descendants.
// The pages are written to the opts.Path directory.
func GenManTreeFromOpts(cmd *cobra.Command, opts GenManTreeOptions) error {
header := opts.Header
if header == nil {
header = &GenManHeader{}
}
for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c.IsHelpCommand() {
continue
}
if err := GenManTreeFromOpts(c, opts); err != nil {
return err
}
}
section := "1"
if header.Section != "" {
section = header.Section
}
separator := "_"
if opts.CommandSeparator != "" {
separator = opts.CommandSeparator
}
basename := strings.Replace(cmd.CommandPath(), " ", separator, -1)
filename := filepath.Join(opts.Path, basename+"."+section)
f, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer f.Close()
headerCopy := *header
return GenMan(cmd, &headerCopy, f)
}
type GenManTreeOptions struct {
Header *GenManHeader
Path string
CommandSeparator string
}
// GenManHeader is a lot like the .TH header at the start of man pages. These
// include the title, section, date, source, and manual. We will use the
// current time if Date if unset and will use "Auto generated by spf13/cobra"
// if the Source is unset.
type GenManHeader struct {
Title string
Section string
Date *time.Time
date string
Source string
Manual string
}
// GenMan will generate a man page for the given command and write it to
// w. The header argument may be nil, however obviously w may not.
func GenMan(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader, w io.Writer) error {
if header == nil {
header = &GenManHeader{}
}
fillHeader(header, cmd.CommandPath())
b := genMan(cmd, header)
_, err := w.Write(mangen.Render(b))
return err
}
func fillHeader(header *GenManHeader, name string) {
if header.Title == "" {
header.Title = strings.ToUpper(strings.Replace(name, " ", "\\-", -1))
}
if header.Section == "" {
header.Section = "1"
}
if header.Date == nil {
now := time.Now()
header.Date = &now
}
header.date = (*header.Date).Format("Jan 2006")
if header.Source == "" {
header.Source = "Auto generated by spf13/cobra"
}
}
func manPreamble(out io.Writer, header *GenManHeader, cmd *cobra.Command, dashedName string) {
description := cmd.Long
if len(description) == 0 {
description = cmd.Short
}
fmt.Fprintf(out, `%% %s(%s)%s
%% %s
%% %s
# NAME
`, header.Title, header.Section, header.date, header.Source, header.Manual)
fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s \\- %s\n\n", dashedName, cmd.Short)
fmt.Fprintf(out, "# SYNOPSIS\n")
fmt.Fprintf(out, "**%s**\n\n", cmd.UseLine())
fmt.Fprintf(out, "# DESCRIPTION\n")
fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s\n\n", description)
}
func manPrintFlags(out io.Writer, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
flags.VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
if len(flag.Deprecated) > 0 || flag.Hidden {
return
}
format := ""
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 && len(flag.ShorthandDeprecated) == 0 {
format = fmt.Sprintf("**-%s**, **--%s**", flag.Shorthand, flag.Name)
} else {
format = fmt.Sprintf("**--%s**", flag.Name)
}
if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
format = format + "["
}
if flag.Value.Type() == "string" {
// put quotes on the value
format = format + "=%q"
} else {
format = format + "=%s"
}
if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
format = format + "]"
}
format = format + "\n\t%s\n\n"
fmt.Fprintf(out, format, flag.DefValue, flag.Usage)
})
}
func manPrintOptions(out io.Writer, command *cobra.Command) {
flags := command.NonInheritedFlags()
if flags.HasFlags() {
fmt.Fprintf(out, "# OPTIONS\n")
manPrintFlags(out, flags)
fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n")
}
flags = command.InheritedFlags()
if flags.HasFlags() {
fmt.Fprintf(out, "# OPTIONS INHERITED FROM PARENT COMMANDS\n")
manPrintFlags(out, flags)
fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n")
}
}
func genMan(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader) []byte {
// something like `rootcmd-subcmd1-subcmd2`
dashCommandName := strings.Replace(cmd.CommandPath(), " ", "-", -1)
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
manPreamble(buf, header, cmd, dashCommandName)
manPrintOptions(buf, cmd)
if len(cmd.Example) > 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# EXAMPLE\n")
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "```\n%s\n```\n", cmd.Example)
}
if hasSeeAlso(cmd) {
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# SEE ALSO\n")
seealsos := make([]string, 0)
if cmd.HasParent() {
parentPath := cmd.Parent().CommandPath()
dashParentPath := strings.Replace(parentPath, " ", "-", -1)
seealso := fmt.Sprintf("**%s(%s)**", dashParentPath, header.Section)
seealsos = append(seealsos, seealso)
cmd.VisitParents(func(c *cobra.Command) {
if c.DisableAutoGenTag {
cmd.DisableAutoGenTag = c.DisableAutoGenTag
}
})
}
children := cmd.Commands()
sort.Sort(byName(children))
for _, c := range children {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c.IsHelpCommand() {
continue
}
seealso := fmt.Sprintf("**%s-%s(%s)**", dashCommandName, c.Name(), header.Section)
seealsos = append(seealsos, seealso)
}
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s\n", strings.Join(seealsos, ", "))
}
if !cmd.DisableAutoGenTag {
fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# HISTORY\n%s Auto generated by spf13/cobra\n", header.Date.Format("2-Jan-2006"))
}
return buf.Bytes()
}

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# Generating Man Pages For Your Own cobra.Command
Generating man pages from a cobra command is incredibly easy. An example is as follows:
```go
package main
import (
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
)
func main() {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "test",
Short: "my test program",
}
header := &cobra.GenManHeader{
Title: "MINE",
Section: "3",
}
doc.GenManTree(cmd, header, "/tmp")
}
```
That will get you a man page `/tmp/test.1`

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package doc
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var _ = fmt.Println
var _ = os.Stderr
func translate(in string) string {
return strings.Replace(in, "-", "\\-", -1)
}
func TestGenManDoc(t *testing.T) {
c := initializeWithRootCmd()
// Need two commands to run the command alphabetical sort
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes, cmdEchoSub, cmdDeprecated)
c.AddCommand(cmdPrint, cmdEcho)
cmdRootWithRun.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2a, "rootflag", "r", "two", strtwoParentHelp)
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
header := &GenManHeader{
Title: "Project",
Section: "2",
}
// We generate on a subcommand so we have both subcommands and parents
if err := GenMan(cmdEcho, header, out); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
found := out.String()
// Make sure parent has - in CommandPath() in SEE ALSO:
parentPath := cmdEcho.Parent().CommandPath()
dashParentPath := strings.Replace(parentPath, " ", "-", -1)
expected := translate(dashParentPath)
expected = expected + "(" + header.Section + ")"
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// Our description
expected = translate(cmdEcho.Name())
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// Better have our example
expected = translate(cmdEcho.Name())
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// A local flag
expected = "boolone"
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// persistent flag on parent
expected = "rootflag"
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// We better output info about our parent
expected = translate(cmdRootWithRun.Name())
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
// And about subcommands
expected = translate(cmdEchoSub.Name())
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
unexpected := translate(cmdDeprecated.Name())
checkStringOmits(t, found, unexpected)
// auto generated
expected = translate("Auto generated")
checkStringContains(t, found, expected)
}
func TestGenManNoGenTag(t *testing.T) {
c := initializeWithRootCmd()
// Need two commands to run the command alphabetical sort
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes, cmdEchoSub, cmdDeprecated)
c.AddCommand(cmdPrint, cmdEcho)
cmdRootWithRun.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2a, "rootflag", "r", "two", strtwoParentHelp)
cmdEcho.DisableAutoGenTag = true
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
header := &GenManHeader{
Title: "Project",
Section: "2",
}
// We generate on a subcommand so we have both subcommands and parents
if err := GenMan(cmdEcho, header, out); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
found := out.String()
unexpected := translate("#HISTORY")
checkStringOmits(t, found, unexpected)
}
func TestGenManSeeAlso(t *testing.T) {
noop := func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {}
top := &cobra.Command{Use: "top", Run: noop}
aaa := &cobra.Command{Use: "aaa", Run: noop, Hidden: true} // #229
bbb := &cobra.Command{Use: "bbb", Run: noop}
ccc := &cobra.Command{Use: "ccc", Run: noop}
top.AddCommand(aaa, bbb, ccc)
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
header := &GenManHeader{}
if err := GenMan(top, header, out); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)
if err := AssertLineFound(scanner, ".SH SEE ALSO"); err != nil {
t.Fatal(fmt.Errorf("Couldn't find SEE ALSO section header: %s", err.Error()))
}
if err := AssertNextLineEquals(scanner, ".PP"); err != nil {
t.Fatal(fmt.Errorf("First line after SEE ALSO wasn't break-indent: %s", err.Error()))
}
if err := AssertNextLineEquals(scanner, `\fBtop\-bbb(1)\fP, \fBtop\-ccc(1)\fP`); err != nil {
t.Fatal(fmt.Errorf("Second line after SEE ALSO wasn't correct: %s", err.Error()))
}
}
func TestManPrintFlagsHidesShortDeperecated(t *testing.T) {
cmd := &cobra.Command{}
flags := cmd.Flags()
flags.StringP("foo", "f", "default", "Foo flag")
flags.MarkShorthandDeprecated("foo", "don't use it no more")
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
manPrintFlags(out, flags)
expected := "**--foo**=\"default\"\n\tFoo flag\n\n"
if out.String() != expected {
t.Fatalf("Expected %s, but got %s", expected, out.String())
}
}
func TestGenManTree(t *testing.T) {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "do [OPTIONS] arg1 arg2",
}
header := &GenManHeader{Section: "2"}
tmpdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "test-gen-man-tree")
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to create tempdir: %s", err.Error())
}
defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)
if err := GenManTree(cmd, header, tmpdir); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("GenManTree failed: %s", err.Error())
}
if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(tmpdir, "do.2")); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected file 'do.2' to exist")
}
if header.Title != "" {
t.Fatalf("Expected header.Title to be unmodified")
}
}
func AssertLineFound(scanner *bufio.Scanner, expectedLine string) error {
for scanner.Scan() {
line := scanner.Text()
if line == expectedLine {
return nil
}
}
if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("AssertLineFound: scan failed: %s", err.Error())
}
return fmt.Errorf("AssertLineFound: hit EOF before finding %#v", expectedLine)
}
func AssertNextLineEquals(scanner *bufio.Scanner, expectedLine string) error {
if scanner.Scan() {
line := scanner.Text()
if line == expectedLine {
return nil
}
return fmt.Errorf("AssertNextLineEquals: got %#v, not %#v", line, expectedLine)
}
if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("AssertNextLineEquals: scan failed: %s", err.Error())
}
return fmt.Errorf("AssertNextLineEquals: hit EOF before finding %#v", expectedLine)
}

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package doc_test
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
)
func ExampleCommand_GenManTree() {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "test",
Short: "my test program",
}
header := &doc.GenManHeader{
Title: "MINE",
Section: "3",
}
doc.GenManTree(cmd, header, "/tmp")
}
func ExampleCommand_GenMan() {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "test",
Short: "my test program",
}
header := &doc.GenManHeader{
Title: "MINE",
Section: "3",
}
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
doc.GenMan(cmd, header, out)
fmt.Print(out.String())
}

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//Copyright 2015 Red Hat Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package doc
import (
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"sort"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
func printOptions(w io.Writer, cmd *cobra.Command, name string) error {
flags := cmd.NonInheritedFlags()
flags.SetOutput(w)
if flags.HasFlags() {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Options\n\n```\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
flags.PrintDefaults()
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
}
parentFlags := cmd.InheritedFlags()
parentFlags.SetOutput(w)
if parentFlags.HasFlags() {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Options inherited from parent commands\n\n```\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
parentFlags.PrintDefaults()
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func GenMarkdown(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer) error {
return GenMarkdownCustom(cmd, w, func(s string) string { return s })
}
func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
name := cmd.CommandPath()
short := cmd.Short
long := cmd.Long
if len(long) == 0 {
long = short
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "## %s\n\n", name); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n\n", short); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Synopsis\n\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\n\n", long); err != nil {
return err
}
if cmd.Runnable() {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.UseLine()); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if len(cmd.Example) > 0 {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Examples\n\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.Example); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if err := printOptions(w, cmd, name); err != nil {
return err
}
if hasSeeAlso(cmd) {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### SEE ALSO\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
if cmd.HasParent() {
parent := cmd.Parent()
pname := parent.CommandPath()
link := pname + ".md"
link = strings.Replace(link, " ", "_", -1)
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", pname, linkHandler(link), parent.Short); err != nil {
return err
}
cmd.VisitParents(func(c *cobra.Command) {
if c.DisableAutoGenTag {
cmd.DisableAutoGenTag = c.DisableAutoGenTag
}
})
}
children := cmd.Commands()
sort.Sort(byName(children))
for _, child := range children {
if !child.IsAvailableCommand() || child.IsHelpCommand() {
continue
}
cname := name + " " + child.Name()
link := cname + ".md"
link = strings.Replace(link, " ", "_", -1)
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", cname, linkHandler(link), child.Short); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n"); err != nil {
return err
}
}
if !cmd.DisableAutoGenTag {
if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "###### Auto generated by spf13/cobra on %s\n", time.Now().Format("2-Jan-2006")); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
func GenMarkdownTree(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string) error {
identity := func(s string) string { return s }
emptyStr := func(s string) string { return "" }
return GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd, dir, emptyStr, identity)
}
func GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, dir string, filePrepender, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c.IsHelpCommand() {
continue
}
if err := GenMarkdownTreeCustom(c, dir, filePrepender, linkHandler); err != nil {
return err
}
}
basename := strings.Replace(cmd.CommandPath(), " ", "_", -1) + ".md"
filename := filepath.Join(dir, basename)
f, err := os.Create(filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer f.Close()
if _, err := io.WriteString(f, filePrepender(filename)); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := GenMarkdownCustom(cmd, f, linkHandler); err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}

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# Generating Markdown Docs For Your Own cobra.Command
Generating man pages from a cobra command is incredibly easy. An example is as follows:
```go
package main
import (
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
)
func main() {
cmd := &cobra.Command{
Use: "test",
Short: "my test program",
}
doc.GenMarkdownTree(cmd, "/tmp")
}
```
That will get you a Markdown document `/tmp/test.md`
## Generate markdown docs for the entire command tree
This program can actually generate docs for the kubectl command in the kubernetes project
```go
package main
import (
"io/ioutil"
"os"
kubectlcmd "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd"
cmdutil "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/util"
"github.com/spf13/cobra/doc"
)
func main() {
cmd := kubectlcmd.NewKubectlCommand(cmdutil.NewFactory(nil), os.Stdin, ioutil.Discard, ioutil.Discard)
doc.GenMarkdownTree(cmd, "./")
}
```
This will generate a whole series of files, one for each command in the tree, in the directory specified (in this case "./")
## Generate markdown docs for a single command
You may wish to have more control over the output, or only generate for a single command, instead of the entire command tree. If this is the case you may prefer to `GenMarkdown` instead of `GenMarkdownTree`
```go
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
doc.GenMarkdown(cmd, out)
```
This will write the markdown doc for ONLY "cmd" into the out, buffer.
## Customize the output
Both `GenMarkdown` and `GenMarkdownTree` have alternate versions with callbacks to get some control of the output:
```go
func GenMarkdownTreeCustom(cmd *Command, dir string, filePrepender, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
//...
}
```
```go
func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *Command, out *bytes.Buffer, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
//...
}
```
The `filePrepender` will prepend the return value given the full filepath to the rendered Markdown file. A common use case is to add front matter to use the generated documentation with [Hugo](http://gohugo.io/):
```go
const fmTemplate = `---
date: %s
title: "%s"
slug: %s
url: %s
---
`
filePrepender := func(filename string) string {
now := time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
name := filepath.Base(filename)
base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
url := "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
return fmt.Sprintf(fmTemplate, now, strings.Replace(base, "_", " ", -1), base, url)
}
```
The `linkHandler` can be used to customize the rendered internal links to the commands, given a filename:
```go
linkHandler := func(name string) string {
base := strings.TrimSuffix(name, path.Ext(name))
return "/commands/" + strings.ToLower(base) + "/"
}
```

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package doc
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"os"
"strings"
"testing"
)
var _ = fmt.Println
var _ = os.Stderr
func TestGenMdDoc(t *testing.T) {
c := initializeWithRootCmd()
// Need two commands to run the command alphabetical sort
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes, cmdEchoSub, cmdDeprecated)
c.AddCommand(cmdPrint, cmdEcho)
cmdRootWithRun.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2a, "rootflag", "r", "two", strtwoParentHelp)
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
// We generate on s subcommand so we have both subcommands and parents
if err := GenMarkdown(cmdEcho, out); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
found := out.String()
// Our description
expected := cmdEcho.Long
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
// Better have our example
expected = cmdEcho.Example
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
// A local flag
expected = "boolone"
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
// persistent flag on parent
expected = "rootflag"
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
// We better output info about our parent
expected = cmdRootWithRun.Short
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
// And about subcommands
expected = cmdEchoSub.Short
if !strings.Contains(found, expected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nExpecting to contain: \n %q\nGot:\n %q\n", expected, found)
}
unexpected := cmdDeprecated.Short
if strings.Contains(found, unexpected) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected response.\nFound: %v\nBut should not have!!\n", unexpected)
}
}
func TestGenMdNoTag(t *testing.T) {
c := initializeWithRootCmd()
// Need two commands to run the command alphabetical sort
cmdEcho.AddCommand(cmdTimes, cmdEchoSub, cmdDeprecated)
c.AddCommand(cmdPrint, cmdEcho)
c.DisableAutoGenTag = true
cmdRootWithRun.PersistentFlags().StringVarP(&flags2a, "rootflag", "r", "two", strtwoParentHelp)
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
if err := GenMarkdown(c, out); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
found := out.String()
unexpected := "Auto generated"
checkStringOmits(t, found, unexpected)
}

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// Copyright 2015 Red Hat Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package doc
import "github.com/spf13/cobra"
// Test to see if we have a reason to print See Also information in docs
// Basically this is a test for a parent commend or a subcommand which is
// both not deprecated and not the autogenerated help command.
func hasSeeAlso(cmd *cobra.Command) bool {
if cmd.HasParent() {
return true
}
for _, c := range cmd.Commands() {
if !c.IsAvailableCommand() || c.IsHelpCommand() {
continue
}
return true
}
return false
}
type byName []*cobra.Command
func (s byName) Len() int { return len(s) }
func (s byName) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
func (s byName) Less(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Name() < s[j].Name() }

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Copyright (c) 2012 Alex Ogier. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
* Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
this software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/pflag.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/pflag)
## Description
pflag is a drop-in replacement for Go's flag package, implementing
POSIX/GNU-style --flags.
pflag is compatible with the [GNU extensions to the POSIX recommendations
for command-line options][1]. For a more precise description, see the
"Command-line flag syntax" section below.
[1]: http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Argument-Syntax.html
pflag is available under the same style of BSD license as the Go language,
which can be found in the LICENSE file.
## Installation
pflag is available using the standard `go get` command.
Install by running:
go get github.com/spf13/pflag
Run tests by running:
go test github.com/spf13/pflag
## Usage
pflag is a drop-in replacement of Go's native flag package. If you import
pflag under the name "flag" then all code should continue to function
with no changes.
``` go
import flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
```
There is one exception to this: if you directly instantiate the Flag struct
there is one more field "Shorthand" that you will need to set.
Most code never instantiates this struct directly, and instead uses
functions such as String(), BoolVar(), and Var(), and is therefore
unaffected.
Define flags using flag.String(), Bool(), Int(), etc.
This declares an integer flag, -flagname, stored in the pointer ip, with type *int.
``` go
var ip *int = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
```
If you like, you can bind the flag to a variable using the Var() functions.
``` go
var flagvar int
func init() {
flag.IntVar(&flagvar, "flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
}
```
Or you can create custom flags that satisfy the Value interface (with
pointer receivers) and couple them to flag parsing by
``` go
flag.Var(&flagVal, "name", "help message for flagname")
```
For such flags, the default value is just the initial value of the variable.
After all flags are defined, call
``` go
flag.Parse()
```
to parse the command line into the defined flags.
Flags may then be used directly. If you're using the flags themselves,
they are all pointers; if you bind to variables, they're values.
``` go
fmt.Println("ip has value ", *ip)
fmt.Println("flagvar has value ", flagvar)
```
There are helpers function to get values later if you have the FlagSet but
it was difficult to keep up with all of the flag pointers in your code.
If you have a pflag.FlagSet with a flag called 'flagname' of type int you
can use GetInt() to get the int value. But notice that 'flagname' must exist
and it must be an int. GetString("flagname") will fail.
``` go
i, err := flagset.GetInt("flagname")
```
After parsing, the arguments after the flag are available as the
slice flag.Args() or individually as flag.Arg(i).
The arguments are indexed from 0 through flag.NArg()-1.
The pflag package also defines some new functions that are not in flag,
that give one-letter shorthands for flags. You can use these by appending
'P' to the name of any function that defines a flag.
``` go
var ip = flag.IntP("flagname", "f", 1234, "help message")
var flagvar bool
func init() {
flag.BoolVarP("boolname", "b", true, "help message")
}
flag.VarP(&flagVar, "varname", "v", 1234, "help message")
```
Shorthand letters can be used with single dashes on the command line.
Boolean shorthand flags can be combined with other shorthand flags.
The default set of command-line flags is controlled by
top-level functions. The FlagSet type allows one to define
independent sets of flags, such as to implement subcommands
in a command-line interface. The methods of FlagSet are
analogous to the top-level functions for the command-line
flag set.
## Setting no option default values for flags
After you create a flag it is possible to set the pflag.NoOptDefVal for
the given flag. Doing this changes the meaning of the flag slightly. If
a flag has a NoOptDefVal and the flag is set on the command line without
an option the flag will be set to the NoOptDefVal. For example given:
``` go
var ip = flag.IntP("flagname", "f", 1234, "help message")
flag.Lookup("flagname").NoOptDefVal = "4321"
```
Would result in something like
| Parsed Arguments | Resulting Value |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| --flagname=1357 | ip=1357 |
| --flagname | ip=4321 |
| [nothing] | ip=1234 |
## Command line flag syntax
```
--flag // boolean flags, or flags with no option default values
--flag x // only on flags without a default value
--flag=x
```
Unlike the flag package, a single dash before an option means something
different than a double dash. Single dashes signify a series of shorthand
letters for flags. All but the last shorthand letter must be boolean flags
or a flag with a default value
```
// boolean or flags where the 'no option default value' is set
-f
-f=true
-abc
but
-b true is INVALID
// non-boolean and flags without a 'no option default value'
-n 1234
-n=1234
-n1234
// mixed
-abcs "hello"
-absd="hello"
-abcs1234
```
Flag parsing stops after the terminator "--". Unlike the flag package,
flags can be interspersed with arguments anywhere on the command line
before this terminator.
Integer flags accept 1234, 0664, 0x1234 and may be negative.
Boolean flags (in their long form) accept 1, 0, t, f, true, false,
TRUE, FALSE, True, False.
Duration flags accept any input valid for time.ParseDuration.
## Mutating or "Normalizing" Flag names
It is possible to set a custom flag name 'normalization function.' It allows flag names to be mutated both when created in the code and when used on the command line to some 'normalized' form. The 'normalized' form is used for comparison. Two examples of using the custom normalization func follow.
**Example #1**: You want -, _, and . in flags to compare the same. aka --my-flag == --my_flag == --my.flag
``` go
func wordSepNormalizeFunc(f *pflag.FlagSet, name string) pflag.NormalizedName {
from := []string{"-", "_"}
to := "."
for _, sep := range from {
name = strings.Replace(name, sep, to, -1)
}
return pflag.NormalizedName(name)
}
myFlagSet.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
```
**Example #2**: You want to alias two flags. aka --old-flag-name == --new-flag-name
``` go
func aliasNormalizeFunc(f *pflag.FlagSet, name string) pflag.NormalizedName {
switch name {
case "old-flag-name":
name = "new-flag-name"
break
}
return pflag.NormalizedName(name)
}
myFlagSet.SetNormalizeFunc(aliasNormalizeFunc)
```
## Deprecating a flag or its shorthand
It is possible to deprecate a flag, or just its shorthand. Deprecating a flag/shorthand hides it from help text and prints a usage message when the deprecated flag/shorthand is used.
**Example #1**: You want to deprecate a flag named "badflag" as well as inform the users what flag they should use instead.
```go
// deprecate a flag by specifying its name and a usage message
flags.MarkDeprecated("badflag", "please use --good-flag instead")
```
This hides "badflag" from help text, and prints `Flag --badflag has been deprecated, please use --good-flag instead` when "badflag" is used.
**Example #2**: You want to keep a flag name "noshorthandflag" but deprecate its shortname "n".
```go
// deprecate a flag shorthand by specifying its flag name and a usage message
flags.MarkShorthandDeprecated("noshorthandflag", "please use --noshorthandflag only")
```
This hides the shortname "n" from help text, and prints `Flag shorthand -n has been deprecated, please use --noshorthandflag only` when the shorthand "n" is used.
Note that usage message is essential here, and it should not be empty.
## Hidden flags
It is possible to mark a flag as hidden, meaning it will still function as normal, however will not show up in usage/help text.
**Example**: You have a flag named "secretFlag" that you need for internal use only and don't want it showing up in help text, or for its usage text to be available.
```go
// hide a flag by specifying its name
flags.MarkHidden("secretFlag")
```
## Supporting Go flags when using pflag
In order to support flags defined using Go's `flag` package, they must be added to the `pflag` flagset. This is usually necessary
to support flags defined by third-party dependencies (e.g. `golang/glog`).
**Example**: You want to add the Go flags to the `CommandLine` flagset
```go
import (
goflag "flag"
flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
)
var ip *int = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
func main() {
flag.CommandLine.AddGoFlagSet(goflag.CommandLine)
flag.Parse()
}
```
## More info
You can see the full reference documentation of the pflag package
[at godoc.org][3], or through go's standard documentation system by
running `godoc -http=:6060` and browsing to
[http://localhost:6060/pkg/github.com/ogier/pflag][2] after
installation.
[2]: http://localhost:6060/pkg/github.com/ogier/pflag
[3]: http://godoc.org/github.com/ogier/pflag

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// optional interface to indicate boolean flags that can be
// supplied without "=value" text
type boolFlag interface {
Value
IsBoolFlag() bool
}
// -- bool Value
type boolValue bool
func newBoolValue(val bool, p *bool) *boolValue {
*p = val
return (*boolValue)(p)
}
func (b *boolValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
*b = boolValue(v)
return err
}
func (b *boolValue) Type() string {
return "bool"
}
func (b *boolValue) String() string { return strconv.FormatBool(bool(*b)) }
func (b *boolValue) IsBoolFlag() bool { return true }
func boolConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return strconv.ParseBool(sval)
}
// GetBool return the bool value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetBool(name string) (bool, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "bool", boolConv)
if err != nil {
return false, err
}
return val.(bool), nil
}
// BoolVar defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a bool variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) BoolVar(p *bool, name string, value bool, usage string) {
f.BoolVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
}
// BoolVarP is like BoolVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) BoolVarP(p *bool, name, shorthand string, value bool, usage string) {
flag := f.VarPF(newBoolValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
}
// BoolVar defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a bool variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func BoolVar(p *bool, name string, value bool, usage string) {
BoolVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
}
// BoolVarP is like BoolVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func BoolVarP(p *bool, name, shorthand string, value bool, usage string) {
flag := CommandLine.VarPF(newBoolValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
}
// Bool defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a bool variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Bool(name string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
return f.BoolP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// BoolP is like Bool, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) BoolP(name, shorthand string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
p := new(bool)
f.BoolVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Bool defines a bool flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a bool variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Bool(name string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
return BoolP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// BoolP is like Bool, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func BoolP(name, shorthand string, value bool, usage string) *bool {
b := CommandLine.BoolP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
return b
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"strconv"
"testing"
)
// This value can be a boolean ("true", "false") or "maybe"
type triStateValue int
const (
triStateFalse triStateValue = 0
triStateTrue triStateValue = 1
triStateMaybe triStateValue = 2
)
const strTriStateMaybe = "maybe"
func (v *triStateValue) IsBoolFlag() bool {
return true
}
func (v *triStateValue) Get() interface{} {
return triStateValue(*v)
}
func (v *triStateValue) Set(s string) error {
if s == strTriStateMaybe {
*v = triStateMaybe
return nil
}
boolVal, err := strconv.ParseBool(s)
if boolVal {
*v = triStateTrue
} else {
*v = triStateFalse
}
return err
}
func (v *triStateValue) String() string {
if *v == triStateMaybe {
return strTriStateMaybe
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%v", bool(*v == triStateTrue))
}
// The type of the flag as required by the pflag.Value interface
func (v *triStateValue) Type() string {
return "version"
}
func setUpFlagSet(tristate *triStateValue) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
*tristate = triStateFalse
flag := f.VarPF(tristate, "tristate", "t", "tristate value (true, maybe or false)")
flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
return f
}
func TestExplicitTrue(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--tristate=true"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateTrue {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateTrue, "(triStateTrue) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestImplicitTrue(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--tristate"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateTrue {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateTrue, "(triStateTrue) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestShortFlag(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{"-t"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateTrue {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateTrue, "(triStateTrue) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestShortFlagExtraArgument(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
// The"maybe"turns into an arg, since short boolean options will only do true/false
err := f.Parse([]string{"-t", "maybe"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateTrue {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateTrue, "(triStateTrue) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
args := f.Args()
if len(args) != 1 || args[0] != "maybe" {
t.Fatal("expected an extra 'maybe' argument to stick around")
}
}
func TestExplicitMaybe(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--tristate=maybe"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateMaybe {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateMaybe, "(triStateMaybe) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestExplicitFalse(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--tristate=false"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateFalse {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateFalse, "(triStateFalse) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestImplicitFalse(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if tristate != triStateFalse {
t.Fatal("expected", triStateFalse, "(triStateFalse) but got", tristate, "instead")
}
}
func TestInvalidValue(t *testing.T) {
var tristate triStateValue
f := setUpFlagSet(&tristate)
var buf bytes.Buffer
f.SetOutput(&buf)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--tristate=invalid"})
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("expected an error but did not get any, tristate has value", tristate)
}
}
func TestBoolP(t *testing.T) {
b := BoolP("bool", "b", false, "bool value in CommandLine")
c := BoolP("c", "c", false, "other bool value")
args := []string{"--bool"}
if err := CommandLine.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Error("expected no error, got ", err)
}
if *b != true {
t.Errorf("expected b=true got b=%v", *b)
}
if *c != false {
t.Errorf("expect c=false got c=%v", *c)
}
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- count Value
type countValue int
func newCountValue(val int, p *int) *countValue {
*p = val
return (*countValue)(p)
}
func (i *countValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
// -1 means that no specific value was passed, so increment
if v == -1 {
*i = countValue(*i + 1)
} else {
*i = countValue(v)
}
return err
}
func (i *countValue) Type() string {
return "count"
}
func (i *countValue) String() string { return strconv.Itoa(int(*i)) }
func countConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
i, err := strconv.Atoi(sval)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return i, nil
}
// GetCount return the int value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetCount(name string) (int, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "count", countConv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int), nil
}
// CountVar defines a count flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
// A count flag will add 1 to its value evey time it is found on the command line
func (f *FlagSet) CountVar(p *int, name string, usage string) {
f.CountVarP(p, name, "", usage)
}
// CountVarP is like CountVar only take a shorthand for the flag name.
func (f *FlagSet) CountVarP(p *int, name, shorthand string, usage string) {
flag := f.VarPF(newCountValue(0, p), name, shorthand, usage)
flag.NoOptDefVal = "-1"
}
// CountVar like CountVar only the flag is placed on the CommandLine instead of a given flag set
func CountVar(p *int, name string, usage string) {
CommandLine.CountVar(p, name, usage)
}
// CountVarP is like CountVar only take a shorthand for the flag name.
func CountVarP(p *int, name, shorthand string, usage string) {
CommandLine.CountVarP(p, name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Count defines a count flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
// A count flag will add 1 to its value evey time it is found on the command line
func (f *FlagSet) Count(name string, usage string) *int {
p := new(int)
f.CountVarP(p, name, "", usage)
return p
}
// CountP is like Count only takes a shorthand for the flag name.
func (f *FlagSet) CountP(name, shorthand string, usage string) *int {
p := new(int)
f.CountVarP(p, name, shorthand, usage)
return p
}
// Count like Count only the flag is placed on the CommandLine isntead of a given flag set
func Count(name string, usage string) *int {
return CommandLine.CountP(name, "", usage)
}
// CountP is like Count only takes a shorthand for the flag name.
func CountP(name, shorthand string, usage string) *int {
return CommandLine.CountP(name, shorthand, usage)
}

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package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"testing"
)
var _ = fmt.Printf
func setUpCount(c *int) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.CountVarP(c, "verbose", "v", "a counter")
return f
}
func TestCount(t *testing.T) {
testCases := []struct {
input []string
success bool
expected int
}{
{[]string{"-vvv"}, true, 3},
{[]string{"-v", "-v", "-v"}, true, 3},
{[]string{"-v", "--verbose", "-v"}, true, 3},
{[]string{"-v=3", "-v"}, true, 4},
{[]string{"-v=a"}, false, 0},
}
devnull, _ := os.Open(os.DevNull)
os.Stderr = devnull
for i := range testCases {
var count int
f := setUpCount(&count)
tc := &testCases[i]
err := f.Parse(tc.input)
if err != nil && tc.success == true {
t.Errorf("expected success, got %q", err)
continue
} else if err == nil && tc.success == false {
t.Errorf("expected failure, got success")
continue
} else if tc.success {
c, err := f.GetCount("verbose")
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Got error trying to fetch the counter flag")
}
if c != tc.expected {
t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tc.expected, c)
}
}
}
}

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package pflag
import (
"time"
)
// -- time.Duration Value
type durationValue time.Duration
func newDurationValue(val time.Duration, p *time.Duration) *durationValue {
*p = val
return (*durationValue)(p)
}
func (d *durationValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := time.ParseDuration(s)
*d = durationValue(v)
return err
}
func (d *durationValue) Type() string {
return "duration"
}
func (d *durationValue) String() string { return (*time.Duration)(d).String() }
func durationConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return time.ParseDuration(sval)
}
// GetDuration return the duration value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetDuration(name string) (time.Duration, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "duration", durationConv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(time.Duration), nil
}
// DurationVar defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a time.Duration variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) DurationVar(p *time.Duration, name string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
f.VarP(newDurationValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// DurationVarP is like DurationVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) DurationVarP(p *time.Duration, name, shorthand string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
f.VarP(newDurationValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// DurationVar defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a time.Duration variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func DurationVar(p *time.Duration, name string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newDurationValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// DurationVarP is like DurationVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func DurationVarP(p *time.Duration, name, shorthand string, value time.Duration, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newDurationValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Duration defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a time.Duration variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Duration(name string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
p := new(time.Duration)
f.DurationVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// DurationP is like Duration, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) DurationP(name, shorthand string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
p := new(time.Duration)
f.DurationVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Duration defines a time.Duration flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a time.Duration variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Duration(name string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
return CommandLine.DurationP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// DurationP is like Duration, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func DurationP(name, shorthand string, value time.Duration, usage string) *time.Duration {
return CommandLine.DurationP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// These examples demonstrate more intricate uses of the flag package.
package pflag_test
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
)
// Example 1: A single string flag called "species" with default value "gopher".
var species = flag.String("species", "gopher", "the species we are studying")
// Example 2: A flag with a shorthand letter.
var gopherType = flag.StringP("gopher_type", "g", "pocket", "the variety of gopher")
// Example 3: A user-defined flag type, a slice of durations.
type interval []time.Duration
// String is the method to format the flag's value, part of the flag.Value interface.
// The String method's output will be used in diagnostics.
func (i *interval) String() string {
return fmt.Sprint(*i)
}
func (i *interval) Type() string {
return "interval"
}
// Set is the method to set the flag value, part of the flag.Value interface.
// Set's argument is a string to be parsed to set the flag.
// It's a comma-separated list, so we split it.
func (i *interval) Set(value string) error {
// If we wanted to allow the flag to be set multiple times,
// accumulating values, we would delete this if statement.
// That would permit usages such as
// -deltaT 10s -deltaT 15s
// and other combinations.
if len(*i) > 0 {
return errors.New("interval flag already set")
}
for _, dt := range strings.Split(value, ",") {
duration, err := time.ParseDuration(dt)
if err != nil {
return err
}
*i = append(*i, duration)
}
return nil
}
// Define a flag to accumulate durations. Because it has a special type,
// we need to use the Var function and therefore create the flag during
// init.
var intervalFlag interval
func init() {
// Tie the command-line flag to the intervalFlag variable and
// set a usage message.
flag.Var(&intervalFlag, "deltaT", "comma-separated list of intervals to use between events")
}
func Example() {
// All the interesting pieces are with the variables declared above, but
// to enable the flag package to see the flags defined there, one must
// execute, typically at the start of main (not init!):
// flag.Parse()
// We don't run it here because this is not a main function and
// the testing suite has already parsed the flags.
}

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// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"io/ioutil"
"os"
)
// Additional routines compiled into the package only during testing.
// ResetForTesting clears all flag state and sets the usage function as directed.
// After calling ResetForTesting, parse errors in flag handling will not
// exit the program.
func ResetForTesting(usage func()) {
CommandLine = &FlagSet{
name: os.Args[0],
errorHandling: ContinueOnError,
output: ioutil.Discard,
}
Usage = usage
}
// GetCommandLine returns the default FlagSet.
func GetCommandLine() *FlagSet {
return CommandLine
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
/*
Package pflag is a drop-in replacement for Go's flag package, implementing
POSIX/GNU-style --flags.
pflag is compatible with the GNU extensions to the POSIX recommendations
for command-line options. See
http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Argument-Syntax.html
Usage:
pflag is a drop-in replacement of Go's native flag package. If you import
pflag under the name "flag" then all code should continue to function
with no changes.
import flag "github.com/ogier/pflag"
There is one exception to this: if you directly instantiate the Flag struct
there is one more field "Shorthand" that you will need to set.
Most code never instantiates this struct directly, and instead uses
functions such as String(), BoolVar(), and Var(), and is therefore
unaffected.
Define flags using flag.String(), Bool(), Int(), etc.
This declares an integer flag, -flagname, stored in the pointer ip, with type *int.
var ip = flag.Int("flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
If you like, you can bind the flag to a variable using the Var() functions.
var flagvar int
func init() {
flag.IntVar(&flagvar, "flagname", 1234, "help message for flagname")
}
Or you can create custom flags that satisfy the Value interface (with
pointer receivers) and couple them to flag parsing by
flag.Var(&flagVal, "name", "help message for flagname")
For such flags, the default value is just the initial value of the variable.
After all flags are defined, call
flag.Parse()
to parse the command line into the defined flags.
Flags may then be used directly. If you're using the flags themselves,
they are all pointers; if you bind to variables, they're values.
fmt.Println("ip has value ", *ip)
fmt.Println("flagvar has value ", flagvar)
After parsing, the arguments after the flag are available as the
slice flag.Args() or individually as flag.Arg(i).
The arguments are indexed from 0 through flag.NArg()-1.
The pflag package also defines some new functions that are not in flag,
that give one-letter shorthands for flags. You can use these by appending
'P' to the name of any function that defines a flag.
var ip = flag.IntP("flagname", "f", 1234, "help message")
var flagvar bool
func init() {
flag.BoolVarP("boolname", "b", true, "help message")
}
flag.VarP(&flagVar, "varname", "v", 1234, "help message")
Shorthand letters can be used with single dashes on the command line.
Boolean shorthand flags can be combined with other shorthand flags.
Command line flag syntax:
--flag // boolean flags only
--flag=x
Unlike the flag package, a single dash before an option means something
different than a double dash. Single dashes signify a series of shorthand
letters for flags. All but the last shorthand letter must be boolean flags.
// boolean flags
-f
-abc
// non-boolean flags
-n 1234
-Ifile
// mixed
-abcs "hello"
-abcn1234
Flag parsing stops after the terminator "--". Unlike the flag package,
flags can be interspersed with arguments anywhere on the command line
before this terminator.
Integer flags accept 1234, 0664, 0x1234 and may be negative.
Boolean flags (in their long form) accept 1, 0, t, f, true, false,
TRUE, FALSE, True, False.
Duration flags accept any input valid for time.ParseDuration.
The default set of command-line flags is controlled by
top-level functions. The FlagSet type allows one to define
independent sets of flags, such as to implement subcommands
in a command-line interface. The methods of FlagSet are
analogous to the top-level functions for the command-line
flag set.
*/
package pflag
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"sort"
"strings"
)
// ErrHelp is the error returned if the flag -help is invoked but no such flag is defined.
var ErrHelp = errors.New("pflag: help requested")
// ErrorHandling defines how to handle flag parsing errors.
type ErrorHandling int
const (
// ContinueOnError will return an err from Parse() if an error is found
ContinueOnError ErrorHandling = iota
// ExitOnError will call os.Exit(2) if an error is found when parsing
ExitOnError
// PanicOnError will panic() if an error is found when parsing flags
PanicOnError
)
// NormalizedName is a flag name that has been normalized according to rules
// for the FlagSet (e.g. making '-' and '_' equivalent).
type NormalizedName string
// A FlagSet represents a set of defined flags.
type FlagSet struct {
// Usage is the function called when an error occurs while parsing flags.
// The field is a function (not a method) that may be changed to point to
// a custom error handler.
Usage func()
name string
parsed bool
actual map[NormalizedName]*Flag
formal map[NormalizedName]*Flag
shorthands map[byte]*Flag
args []string // arguments after flags
argsLenAtDash int // len(args) when a '--' was located when parsing, or -1 if no --
exitOnError bool // does the program exit if there's an error?
errorHandling ErrorHandling
output io.Writer // nil means stderr; use out() accessor
interspersed bool // allow interspersed option/non-option args
normalizeNameFunc func(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName
}
// A Flag represents the state of a flag.
type Flag struct {
Name string // name as it appears on command line
Shorthand string // one-letter abbreviated flag
Usage string // help message
Value Value // value as set
DefValue string // default value (as text); for usage message
Changed bool // If the user set the value (or if left to default)
NoOptDefVal string //default value (as text); if the flag is on the command line without any options
Deprecated string // If this flag is deprecated, this string is the new or now thing to use
Hidden bool // used by cobra.Command to allow flags to be hidden from help/usage text
ShorthandDeprecated string // If the shorthand of this flag is deprecated, this string is the new or now thing to use
Annotations map[string][]string // used by cobra.Command bash autocomple code
}
// Value is the interface to the dynamic value stored in a flag.
// (The default value is represented as a string.)
type Value interface {
String() string
Set(string) error
Type() string
}
// sortFlags returns the flags as a slice in lexicographical sorted order.
func sortFlags(flags map[NormalizedName]*Flag) []*Flag {
list := make(sort.StringSlice, len(flags))
i := 0
for k := range flags {
list[i] = string(k)
i++
}
list.Sort()
result := make([]*Flag, len(list))
for i, name := range list {
result[i] = flags[NormalizedName(name)]
}
return result
}
// SetNormalizeFunc allows you to add a function which can translate flag names.
// Flags added to the FlagSet will be translated and then when anything tries to
// look up the flag that will also be translated. So it would be possible to create
// a flag named "getURL" and have it translated to "geturl". A user could then pass
// "--getUrl" which may also be translated to "geturl" and everything will work.
func (f *FlagSet) SetNormalizeFunc(n func(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName) {
f.normalizeNameFunc = n
for k, v := range f.formal {
delete(f.formal, k)
nname := f.normalizeFlagName(string(k))
f.formal[nname] = v
v.Name = string(nname)
}
}
// GetNormalizeFunc returns the previously set NormalizeFunc of a function which
// does no translation, if not set previously.
func (f *FlagSet) GetNormalizeFunc() func(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName {
if f.normalizeNameFunc != nil {
return f.normalizeNameFunc
}
return func(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName { return NormalizedName(name) }
}
func (f *FlagSet) normalizeFlagName(name string) NormalizedName {
n := f.GetNormalizeFunc()
return n(f, name)
}
func (f *FlagSet) out() io.Writer {
if f.output == nil {
return os.Stderr
}
return f.output
}
// SetOutput sets the destination for usage and error messages.
// If output is nil, os.Stderr is used.
func (f *FlagSet) SetOutput(output io.Writer) {
f.output = output
}
// VisitAll visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
// It visits all flags, even those not set.
func (f *FlagSet) VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.formal) {
fn(flag)
}
}
// HasFlags returns a bool to indicate if the FlagSet has any flags definied.
func (f *FlagSet) HasFlags() bool {
return len(f.formal) > 0
}
// HasAvailableFlags returns a bool to indicate if the FlagSet has any flags
// definied that are not hidden or deprecated.
func (f *FlagSet) HasAvailableFlags() bool {
for _, flag := range f.formal {
if !flag.Hidden && len(flag.Deprecated) == 0 {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// VisitAll visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling
// fn for each. It visits all flags, even those not set.
func VisitAll(fn func(*Flag)) {
CommandLine.VisitAll(fn)
}
// Visit visits the flags in lexicographical order, calling fn for each.
// It visits only those flags that have been set.
func (f *FlagSet) Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
for _, flag := range sortFlags(f.actual) {
fn(flag)
}
}
// Visit visits the command-line flags in lexicographical order, calling fn
// for each. It visits only those flags that have been set.
func Visit(fn func(*Flag)) {
CommandLine.Visit(fn)
}
// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named flag, returning nil if none exists.
func (f *FlagSet) Lookup(name string) *Flag {
return f.lookup(f.normalizeFlagName(name))
}
// lookup returns the Flag structure of the named flag, returning nil if none exists.
func (f *FlagSet) lookup(name NormalizedName) *Flag {
return f.formal[name]
}
// func to return a given type for a given flag name
func (f *FlagSet) getFlagType(name string, ftype string, convFunc func(sval string) (interface{}, error)) (interface{}, error) {
flag := f.Lookup(name)
if flag == nil {
err := fmt.Errorf("flag accessed but not defined: %s", name)
return nil, err
}
if flag.Value.Type() != ftype {
err := fmt.Errorf("trying to get %s value of flag of type %s", ftype, flag.Value.Type())
return nil, err
}
sval := flag.Value.String()
result, err := convFunc(sval)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return result, nil
}
// ArgsLenAtDash will return the length of f.Args at the moment when a -- was
// found during arg parsing. This allows your program to know which args were
// before the -- and which came after.
func (f *FlagSet) ArgsLenAtDash() int {
return f.argsLenAtDash
}
// MarkDeprecated indicated that a flag is deprecated in your program. It will
// continue to function but will not show up in help or usage messages. Using
// this flag will also print the given usageMessage.
func (f *FlagSet) MarkDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) error {
flag := f.Lookup(name)
if flag == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
}
if len(usageMessage) == 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("deprecated message for flag %q must be set", name)
}
flag.Deprecated = usageMessage
return nil
}
// MarkShorthandDeprecated will mark the shorthand of a flag deprecated in your
// program. It will continue to function but will not show up in help or usage
// messages. Using this flag will also print the given usageMessage.
func (f *FlagSet) MarkShorthandDeprecated(name string, usageMessage string) error {
flag := f.Lookup(name)
if flag == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
}
if len(usageMessage) == 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("deprecated message for flag %q must be set", name)
}
flag.ShorthandDeprecated = usageMessage
return nil
}
// MarkHidden sets a flag to 'hidden' in your program. It will continue to
// function but will not show up in help or usage messages.
func (f *FlagSet) MarkHidden(name string) error {
flag := f.Lookup(name)
if flag == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("flag %q does not exist", name)
}
flag.Hidden = true
return nil
}
// Lookup returns the Flag structure of the named command-line flag,
// returning nil if none exists.
func Lookup(name string) *Flag {
return CommandLine.Lookup(name)
}
// Set sets the value of the named flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Set(name, value string) error {
normalName := f.normalizeFlagName(name)
flag, ok := f.formal[normalName]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
}
err := flag.Value.Set(value)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if f.actual == nil {
f.actual = make(map[NormalizedName]*Flag)
}
f.actual[normalName] = flag
flag.Changed = true
if len(flag.Deprecated) > 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Flag --%s has been deprecated, %s\n", flag.Name, flag.Deprecated)
}
return nil
}
// SetAnnotation allows one to set arbitrary annotations on a flag in the FlagSet.
// This is sometimes used by spf13/cobra programs which want to generate additional
// bash completion information.
func (f *FlagSet) SetAnnotation(name, key string, values []string) error {
normalName := f.normalizeFlagName(name)
flag, ok := f.formal[normalName]
if !ok {
return fmt.Errorf("no such flag -%v", name)
}
if flag.Annotations == nil {
flag.Annotations = map[string][]string{}
}
flag.Annotations[key] = values
return nil
}
// Changed returns true if the flag was explicitly set during Parse() and false
// otherwise
func (f *FlagSet) Changed(name string) bool {
flag := f.Lookup(name)
// If a flag doesn't exist, it wasn't changed....
if flag == nil {
return false
}
return flag.Changed
}
// Set sets the value of the named command-line flag.
func Set(name, value string) error {
return CommandLine.Set(name, value)
}
// PrintDefaults prints, to standard error unless configured
// otherwise, the default values of all defined flags in the set.
func (f *FlagSet) PrintDefaults() {
usages := f.FlagUsages()
fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "%s", usages)
}
// defaultIsZeroValue returns true if the default value for this flag represents
// a zero value.
func (f *Flag) defaultIsZeroValue() bool {
switch f.Value.(type) {
case boolFlag:
return f.DefValue == "false"
case *durationValue:
// Beginning in Go 1.7, duration zero values are "0s"
return f.DefValue == "0" || f.DefValue == "0s"
case *intValue, *int8Value, *int32Value, *int64Value, *uintValue, *uint8Value, *uint16Value, *uint32Value, *uint64Value, *countValue, *float32Value, *float64Value:
return f.DefValue == "0"
case *stringValue:
return f.DefValue == ""
case *ipValue, *ipMaskValue, *ipNetValue:
return f.DefValue == "<nil>"
case *intSliceValue, *stringSliceValue, *stringArrayValue:
return f.DefValue == "[]"
default:
switch f.Value.String() {
case "false":
return true
case "<nil>":
return true
case "":
return true
case "0":
return true
}
return false
}
}
// UnquoteUsage extracts a back-quoted name from the usage
// string for a flag and returns it and the un-quoted usage.
// Given "a `name` to show" it returns ("name", "a name to show").
// If there are no back quotes, the name is an educated guess of the
// type of the flag's value, or the empty string if the flag is boolean.
func UnquoteUsage(flag *Flag) (name string, usage string) {
// Look for a back-quoted name, but avoid the strings package.
usage = flag.Usage
for i := 0; i < len(usage); i++ {
if usage[i] == '`' {
for j := i + 1; j < len(usage); j++ {
if usage[j] == '`' {
name = usage[i+1 : j]
usage = usage[:i] + name + usage[j+1:]
return name, usage
}
}
break // Only one back quote; use type name.
}
}
name = flag.Value.Type()
switch name {
case "bool":
name = ""
case "float64":
name = "float"
case "int64":
name = "int"
case "uint64":
name = "uint"
}
return
}
// FlagUsages Returns a string containing the usage information for all flags in
// the FlagSet
func (f *FlagSet) FlagUsages() string {
x := new(bytes.Buffer)
lines := make([]string, 0, len(f.formal))
maxlen := 0
f.VisitAll(func(flag *Flag) {
if len(flag.Deprecated) > 0 || flag.Hidden {
return
}
line := ""
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 0 && len(flag.ShorthandDeprecated) == 0 {
line = fmt.Sprintf(" -%s, --%s", flag.Shorthand, flag.Name)
} else {
line = fmt.Sprintf(" --%s", flag.Name)
}
varname, usage := UnquoteUsage(flag)
if len(varname) > 0 {
line += " " + varname
}
if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
switch flag.Value.Type() {
case "string":
line += fmt.Sprintf("[=%q]", flag.NoOptDefVal)
case "bool":
if flag.NoOptDefVal != "true" {
line += fmt.Sprintf("[=%s]", flag.NoOptDefVal)
}
default:
line += fmt.Sprintf("[=%s]", flag.NoOptDefVal)
}
}
// This special character will be replaced with spacing once the
// correct alignment is calculated
line += "\x00"
if len(line) > maxlen {
maxlen = len(line)
}
line += usage
if !flag.defaultIsZeroValue() {
if flag.Value.Type() == "string" {
line += fmt.Sprintf(" (default %q)", flag.DefValue)
} else {
line += fmt.Sprintf(" (default %s)", flag.DefValue)
}
}
lines = append(lines, line)
})
for _, line := range lines {
sidx := strings.Index(line, "\x00")
spacing := strings.Repeat(" ", maxlen-sidx)
fmt.Fprintln(x, line[:sidx], spacing, line[sidx+1:])
}
return x.String()
}
// PrintDefaults prints to standard error the default values of all defined command-line flags.
func PrintDefaults() {
CommandLine.PrintDefaults()
}
// defaultUsage is the default function to print a usage message.
func defaultUsage(f *FlagSet) {
fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "Usage of %s:\n", f.name)
f.PrintDefaults()
}
// NOTE: Usage is not just defaultUsage(CommandLine)
// because it serves (via godoc flag Usage) as the example
// for how to write your own usage function.
// Usage prints to standard error a usage message documenting all defined command-line flags.
// The function is a variable that may be changed to point to a custom function.
// By default it prints a simple header and calls PrintDefaults; for details about the
// format of the output and how to control it, see the documentation for PrintDefaults.
var Usage = func() {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Usage of %s:\n", os.Args[0])
PrintDefaults()
}
// NFlag returns the number of flags that have been set.
func (f *FlagSet) NFlag() int { return len(f.actual) }
// NFlag returns the number of command-line flags that have been set.
func NFlag() int { return len(CommandLine.actual) }
// Arg returns the i'th argument. Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
// after flags have been processed.
func (f *FlagSet) Arg(i int) string {
if i < 0 || i >= len(f.args) {
return ""
}
return f.args[i]
}
// Arg returns the i'th command-line argument. Arg(0) is the first remaining argument
// after flags have been processed.
func Arg(i int) string {
return CommandLine.Arg(i)
}
// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
func (f *FlagSet) NArg() int { return len(f.args) }
// NArg is the number of arguments remaining after flags have been processed.
func NArg() int { return len(CommandLine.args) }
// Args returns the non-flag arguments.
func (f *FlagSet) Args() []string { return f.args }
// Args returns the non-flag command-line arguments.
func Args() []string { return CommandLine.args }
// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
func (f *FlagSet) Var(value Value, name string, usage string) {
f.VarP(value, name, "", usage)
}
// VarPF is like VarP, but returns the flag created
func (f *FlagSet) VarPF(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) *Flag {
// Remember the default value as a string; it won't change.
flag := &Flag{
Name: name,
Shorthand: shorthand,
Usage: usage,
Value: value,
DefValue: value.String(),
}
f.AddFlag(flag)
return flag
}
// VarP is like Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) VarP(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) {
_ = f.VarPF(value, name, shorthand, usage)
}
// AddFlag will add the flag to the FlagSet
func (f *FlagSet) AddFlag(flag *Flag) {
// Call normalizeFlagName function only once
normalizedFlagName := f.normalizeFlagName(flag.Name)
_, alreadythere := f.formal[normalizedFlagName]
if alreadythere {
msg := fmt.Sprintf("%s flag redefined: %s", f.name, flag.Name)
fmt.Fprintln(f.out(), msg)
panic(msg) // Happens only if flags are declared with identical names
}
if f.formal == nil {
f.formal = make(map[NormalizedName]*Flag)
}
flag.Name = string(normalizedFlagName)
f.formal[normalizedFlagName] = flag
if len(flag.Shorthand) == 0 {
return
}
if len(flag.Shorthand) > 1 {
fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "%s shorthand more than ASCII character: %s\n", f.name, flag.Shorthand)
panic("shorthand is more than one character")
}
if f.shorthands == nil {
f.shorthands = make(map[byte]*Flag)
}
c := flag.Shorthand[0]
old, alreadythere := f.shorthands[c]
if alreadythere {
fmt.Fprintf(f.out(), "%s shorthand reused: %q for %s already used for %s\n", f.name, c, flag.Name, old.Name)
panic("shorthand redefinition")
}
f.shorthands[c] = flag
}
// AddFlagSet adds one FlagSet to another. If a flag is already present in f
// the flag from newSet will be ignored
func (f *FlagSet) AddFlagSet(newSet *FlagSet) {
if newSet == nil {
return
}
newSet.VisitAll(func(flag *Flag) {
if f.Lookup(flag.Name) == nil {
f.AddFlag(flag)
}
})
}
// Var defines a flag with the specified name and usage string. The type and
// value of the flag are represented by the first argument, of type Value, which
// typically holds a user-defined implementation of Value. For instance, the
// caller could create a flag that turns a comma-separated string into a slice
// of strings by giving the slice the methods of Value; in particular, Set would
// decompose the comma-separated string into the slice.
func Var(value Value, name string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(value, name, "", usage)
}
// VarP is like Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func VarP(value Value, name, shorthand, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(value, name, shorthand, usage)
}
// failf prints to standard error a formatted error and usage message and
// returns the error.
func (f *FlagSet) failf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
err := fmt.Errorf(format, a...)
fmt.Fprintln(f.out(), err)
f.usage()
return err
}
// usage calls the Usage method for the flag set, or the usage function if
// the flag set is CommandLine.
func (f *FlagSet) usage() {
if f == CommandLine {
Usage()
} else if f.Usage == nil {
defaultUsage(f)
} else {
f.Usage()
}
}
func (f *FlagSet) setFlag(flag *Flag, value string, origArg string) error {
if err := flag.Value.Set(value); err != nil {
return f.failf("invalid argument %q for %s: %v", value, origArg, err)
}
// mark as visited for Visit()
if f.actual == nil {
f.actual = make(map[NormalizedName]*Flag)
}
f.actual[f.normalizeFlagName(flag.Name)] = flag
flag.Changed = true
if len(flag.Deprecated) > 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Flag --%s has been deprecated, %s\n", flag.Name, flag.Deprecated)
}
if len(flag.ShorthandDeprecated) > 0 && containsShorthand(origArg, flag.Shorthand) {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Flag shorthand -%s has been deprecated, %s\n", flag.Shorthand, flag.ShorthandDeprecated)
}
return nil
}
func containsShorthand(arg, shorthand string) bool {
// filter out flags --<flag_name>
if strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
return false
}
arg = strings.SplitN(arg, "=", 2)[0]
return strings.Contains(arg, shorthand)
}
func (f *FlagSet) parseLongArg(s string, args []string) (a []string, err error) {
a = args
name := s[2:]
if len(name) == 0 || name[0] == '-' || name[0] == '=' {
err = f.failf("bad flag syntax: %s", s)
return
}
split := strings.SplitN(name, "=", 2)
name = split[0]
flag, alreadythere := f.formal[f.normalizeFlagName(name)]
if !alreadythere {
if name == "help" { // special case for nice help message.
f.usage()
return a, ErrHelp
}
err = f.failf("unknown flag: --%s", name)
return
}
var value string
if len(split) == 2 {
// '--flag=arg'
value = split[1]
} else if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
// '--flag' (arg was optional)
value = flag.NoOptDefVal
} else if len(a) > 0 {
// '--flag arg'
value = a[0]
a = a[1:]
} else {
// '--flag' (arg was required)
err = f.failf("flag needs an argument: %s", s)
return
}
err = f.setFlag(flag, value, s)
return
}
func (f *FlagSet) parseSingleShortArg(shorthands string, args []string) (outShorts string, outArgs []string, err error) {
if strings.HasPrefix(shorthands, "test.") {
return
}
outArgs = args
outShorts = shorthands[1:]
c := shorthands[0]
flag, alreadythere := f.shorthands[c]
if !alreadythere {
if c == 'h' { // special case for nice help message.
f.usage()
err = ErrHelp
return
}
//TODO continue on error
err = f.failf("unknown shorthand flag: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
return
}
var value string
if len(shorthands) > 2 && shorthands[1] == '=' {
value = shorthands[2:]
outShorts = ""
} else if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
value = flag.NoOptDefVal
} else if len(shorthands) > 1 {
value = shorthands[1:]
outShorts = ""
} else if len(args) > 0 {
value = args[0]
outArgs = args[1:]
} else {
err = f.failf("flag needs an argument: %q in -%s", c, shorthands)
return
}
err = f.setFlag(flag, value, shorthands)
return
}
func (f *FlagSet) parseShortArg(s string, args []string) (a []string, err error) {
a = args
shorthands := s[1:]
for len(shorthands) > 0 {
shorthands, a, err = f.parseSingleShortArg(shorthands, args)
if err != nil {
return
}
}
return
}
func (f *FlagSet) parseArgs(args []string) (err error) {
for len(args) > 0 {
s := args[0]
args = args[1:]
if len(s) == 0 || s[0] != '-' || len(s) == 1 {
if !f.interspersed {
f.args = append(f.args, s)
f.args = append(f.args, args...)
return nil
}
f.args = append(f.args, s)
continue
}
if s[1] == '-' {
if len(s) == 2 { // "--" terminates the flags
f.argsLenAtDash = len(f.args)
f.args = append(f.args, args...)
break
}
args, err = f.parseLongArg(s, args)
} else {
args, err = f.parseShortArg(s, args)
}
if err != nil {
return
}
}
return
}
// Parse parses flag definitions from the argument list, which should not
// include the command name. Must be called after all flags in the FlagSet
// are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
// The return value will be ErrHelp if -help was set but not defined.
func (f *FlagSet) Parse(arguments []string) error {
f.parsed = true
f.args = make([]string, 0, len(arguments))
err := f.parseArgs(arguments)
if err != nil {
switch f.errorHandling {
case ContinueOnError:
return err
case ExitOnError:
os.Exit(2)
case PanicOnError:
panic(err)
}
}
return nil
}
// Parsed reports whether f.Parse has been called.
func (f *FlagSet) Parsed() bool {
return f.parsed
}
// Parse parses the command-line flags from os.Args[1:]. Must be called
// after all flags are defined and before flags are accessed by the program.
func Parse() {
// Ignore errors; CommandLine is set for ExitOnError.
CommandLine.Parse(os.Args[1:])
}
// SetInterspersed sets whether to support interspersed option/non-option arguments.
func SetInterspersed(interspersed bool) {
CommandLine.SetInterspersed(interspersed)
}
// Parsed returns true if the command-line flags have been parsed.
func Parsed() bool {
return CommandLine.Parsed()
}
// CommandLine is the default set of command-line flags, parsed from os.Args.
var CommandLine = NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], ExitOnError)
// NewFlagSet returns a new, empty flag set with the specified name and
// error handling property.
func NewFlagSet(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) *FlagSet {
f := &FlagSet{
name: name,
errorHandling: errorHandling,
argsLenAtDash: -1,
interspersed: true,
}
return f
}
// SetInterspersed sets whether to support interspersed option/non-option arguments.
func (f *FlagSet) SetInterspersed(interspersed bool) {
f.interspersed = interspersed
}
// Init sets the name and error handling property for a flag set.
// By default, the zero FlagSet uses an empty name and the
// ContinueOnError error handling policy.
func (f *FlagSet) Init(name string, errorHandling ErrorHandling) {
f.name = name
f.errorHandling = errorHandling
f.argsLenAtDash = -1
}

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@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"net"
"os"
"reflect"
"sort"
"strconv"
"strings"
"testing"
"time"
)
var (
testBool = Bool("test_bool", false, "bool value")
testInt = Int("test_int", 0, "int value")
testInt64 = Int64("test_int64", 0, "int64 value")
testUint = Uint("test_uint", 0, "uint value")
testUint64 = Uint64("test_uint64", 0, "uint64 value")
testString = String("test_string", "0", "string value")
testFloat = Float64("test_float64", 0, "float64 value")
testDuration = Duration("test_duration", 0, "time.Duration value")
testOptionalInt = Int("test_optional_int", 0, "optional int value")
normalizeFlagNameInvocations = 0
)
func boolString(s string) string {
if s == "0" {
return "false"
}
return "true"
}
func TestEverything(t *testing.T) {
m := make(map[string]*Flag)
desired := "0"
visitor := func(f *Flag) {
if len(f.Name) > 5 && f.Name[0:5] == "test_" {
m[f.Name] = f
ok := false
switch {
case f.Value.String() == desired:
ok = true
case f.Name == "test_bool" && f.Value.String() == boolString(desired):
ok = true
case f.Name == "test_duration" && f.Value.String() == desired+"s":
ok = true
}
if !ok {
t.Error("Visit: bad value", f.Value.String(), "for", f.Name)
}
}
}
VisitAll(visitor)
if len(m) != 9 {
t.Error("VisitAll misses some flags")
for k, v := range m {
t.Log(k, *v)
}
}
m = make(map[string]*Flag)
Visit(visitor)
if len(m) != 0 {
t.Errorf("Visit sees unset flags")
for k, v := range m {
t.Log(k, *v)
}
}
// Now set all flags
Set("test_bool", "true")
Set("test_int", "1")
Set("test_int64", "1")
Set("test_uint", "1")
Set("test_uint64", "1")
Set("test_string", "1")
Set("test_float64", "1")
Set("test_duration", "1s")
Set("test_optional_int", "1")
desired = "1"
Visit(visitor)
if len(m) != 9 {
t.Error("Visit fails after set")
for k, v := range m {
t.Log(k, *v)
}
}
// Now test they're visited in sort order.
var flagNames []string
Visit(func(f *Flag) { flagNames = append(flagNames, f.Name) })
if !sort.StringsAreSorted(flagNames) {
t.Errorf("flag names not sorted: %v", flagNames)
}
}
func TestUsage(t *testing.T) {
called := false
ResetForTesting(func() { called = true })
if GetCommandLine().Parse([]string{"--x"}) == nil {
t.Error("parse did not fail for unknown flag")
}
if !called {
t.Error("did not call Usage for unknown flag")
}
}
func TestAddFlagSet(t *testing.T) {
oldSet := NewFlagSet("old", ContinueOnError)
newSet := NewFlagSet("new", ContinueOnError)
oldSet.String("flag1", "flag1", "flag1")
oldSet.String("flag2", "flag2", "flag2")
newSet.String("flag2", "flag2", "flag2")
newSet.String("flag3", "flag3", "flag3")
oldSet.AddFlagSet(newSet)
if len(oldSet.formal) != 3 {
t.Errorf("Unexpected result adding a FlagSet to a FlagSet %v", oldSet)
}
}
func TestAnnotation(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("shorthand", ContinueOnError)
if err := f.SetAnnotation("missing-flag", "key", nil); err == nil {
t.Errorf("Expected error setting annotation on non-existent flag")
}
f.StringP("stringa", "a", "", "string value")
if err := f.SetAnnotation("stringa", "key", nil); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error setting new nil annotation: %v", err)
}
if annotation := f.Lookup("stringa").Annotations["key"]; annotation != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected annotation: %v", annotation)
}
f.StringP("stringb", "b", "", "string2 value")
if err := f.SetAnnotation("stringb", "key", []string{"value1"}); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error setting new annotation: %v", err)
}
if annotation := f.Lookup("stringb").Annotations["key"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(annotation, []string{"value1"}) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected annotation: %v", annotation)
}
if err := f.SetAnnotation("stringb", "key", []string{"value2"}); err != nil {
t.Errorf("Unexpected error updating annotation: %v", err)
}
if annotation := f.Lookup("stringb").Annotations["key"]; !reflect.DeepEqual(annotation, []string{"value2"}) {
t.Errorf("Unexpected annotation: %v", annotation)
}
}
func testParse(f *FlagSet, t *testing.T) {
if f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = true before Parse")
}
boolFlag := f.Bool("bool", false, "bool value")
bool2Flag := f.Bool("bool2", false, "bool2 value")
bool3Flag := f.Bool("bool3", false, "bool3 value")
intFlag := f.Int("int", 0, "int value")
int8Flag := f.Int8("int8", 0, "int value")
int32Flag := f.Int32("int32", 0, "int value")
int64Flag := f.Int64("int64", 0, "int64 value")
uintFlag := f.Uint("uint", 0, "uint value")
uint8Flag := f.Uint8("uint8", 0, "uint value")
uint16Flag := f.Uint16("uint16", 0, "uint value")
uint32Flag := f.Uint32("uint32", 0, "uint value")
uint64Flag := f.Uint64("uint64", 0, "uint64 value")
stringFlag := f.String("string", "0", "string value")
float32Flag := f.Float32("float32", 0, "float32 value")
float64Flag := f.Float64("float64", 0, "float64 value")
ipFlag := f.IP("ip", net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), "ip value")
maskFlag := f.IPMask("mask", ParseIPv4Mask("0.0.0.0"), "mask value")
durationFlag := f.Duration("duration", 5*time.Second, "time.Duration value")
optionalIntNoValueFlag := f.Int("optional-int-no-value", 0, "int value")
f.Lookup("optional-int-no-value").NoOptDefVal = "9"
optionalIntWithValueFlag := f.Int("optional-int-with-value", 0, "int value")
f.Lookup("optional-int-no-value").NoOptDefVal = "9"
extra := "one-extra-argument"
args := []string{
"--bool",
"--bool2=true",
"--bool3=false",
"--int=22",
"--int8=-8",
"--int32=-32",
"--int64=0x23",
"--uint", "24",
"--uint8=8",
"--uint16=16",
"--uint32=32",
"--uint64=25",
"--string=hello",
"--float32=-172e12",
"--float64=2718e28",
"--ip=10.11.12.13",
"--mask=255.255.255.0",
"--duration=2m",
"--optional-int-no-value",
"--optional-int-with-value=42",
extra,
}
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = false after Parse")
}
if *boolFlag != true {
t.Error("bool flag should be true, is ", *boolFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetBool("bool"); err != nil || v != *boolFlag {
t.Error("GetBool does not work.")
}
if *bool2Flag != true {
t.Error("bool2 flag should be true, is ", *bool2Flag)
}
if *bool3Flag != false {
t.Error("bool3 flag should be false, is ", *bool2Flag)
}
if *intFlag != 22 {
t.Error("int flag should be 22, is ", *intFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetInt("int"); err != nil || v != *intFlag {
t.Error("GetInt does not work.")
}
if *int8Flag != -8 {
t.Error("int8 flag should be 0x23, is ", *int8Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetInt8("int8"); err != nil || v != *int8Flag {
t.Error("GetInt8 does not work.")
}
if *int32Flag != -32 {
t.Error("int32 flag should be 0x23, is ", *int32Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetInt32("int32"); err != nil || v != *int32Flag {
t.Error("GetInt32 does not work.")
}
if *int64Flag != 0x23 {
t.Error("int64 flag should be 0x23, is ", *int64Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetInt64("int64"); err != nil || v != *int64Flag {
t.Error("GetInt64 does not work.")
}
if *uintFlag != 24 {
t.Error("uint flag should be 24, is ", *uintFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetUint("uint"); err != nil || v != *uintFlag {
t.Error("GetUint does not work.")
}
if *uint8Flag != 8 {
t.Error("uint8 flag should be 8, is ", *uint8Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetUint8("uint8"); err != nil || v != *uint8Flag {
t.Error("GetUint8 does not work.")
}
if *uint16Flag != 16 {
t.Error("uint16 flag should be 16, is ", *uint16Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetUint16("uint16"); err != nil || v != *uint16Flag {
t.Error("GetUint16 does not work.")
}
if *uint32Flag != 32 {
t.Error("uint32 flag should be 32, is ", *uint32Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetUint32("uint32"); err != nil || v != *uint32Flag {
t.Error("GetUint32 does not work.")
}
if *uint64Flag != 25 {
t.Error("uint64 flag should be 25, is ", *uint64Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetUint64("uint64"); err != nil || v != *uint64Flag {
t.Error("GetUint64 does not work.")
}
if *stringFlag != "hello" {
t.Error("string flag should be `hello`, is ", *stringFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetString("string"); err != nil || v != *stringFlag {
t.Error("GetString does not work.")
}
if *float32Flag != -172e12 {
t.Error("float32 flag should be -172e12, is ", *float32Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetFloat32("float32"); err != nil || v != *float32Flag {
t.Errorf("GetFloat32 returned %v but float32Flag was %v", v, *float32Flag)
}
if *float64Flag != 2718e28 {
t.Error("float64 flag should be 2718e28, is ", *float64Flag)
}
if v, err := f.GetFloat64("float64"); err != nil || v != *float64Flag {
t.Errorf("GetFloat64 returned %v but float64Flag was %v", v, *float64Flag)
}
if !(*ipFlag).Equal(net.ParseIP("10.11.12.13")) {
t.Error("ip flag should be 10.11.12.13, is ", *ipFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetIP("ip"); err != nil || !v.Equal(*ipFlag) {
t.Errorf("GetIP returned %v but ipFlag was %v", v, *ipFlag)
}
if (*maskFlag).String() != ParseIPv4Mask("255.255.255.0").String() {
t.Error("mask flag should be 255.255.255.0, is ", (*maskFlag).String())
}
if v, err := f.GetIPv4Mask("mask"); err != nil || v.String() != (*maskFlag).String() {
t.Errorf("GetIP returned %v maskFlag was %v error was %v", v, *maskFlag, err)
}
if *durationFlag != 2*time.Minute {
t.Error("duration flag should be 2m, is ", *durationFlag)
}
if v, err := f.GetDuration("duration"); err != nil || v != *durationFlag {
t.Error("GetDuration does not work.")
}
if _, err := f.GetInt("duration"); err == nil {
t.Error("GetInt parsed a time.Duration?!?!")
}
if *optionalIntNoValueFlag != 9 {
t.Error("optional int flag should be the default value, is ", *optionalIntNoValueFlag)
}
if *optionalIntWithValueFlag != 42 {
t.Error("optional int flag should be 42, is ", *optionalIntWithValueFlag)
}
if len(f.Args()) != 1 {
t.Error("expected one argument, got", len(f.Args()))
} else if f.Args()[0] != extra {
t.Errorf("expected argument %q got %q", extra, f.Args()[0])
}
}
func TestShorthand(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("shorthand", ContinueOnError)
if f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = true before Parse")
}
boolaFlag := f.BoolP("boola", "a", false, "bool value")
boolbFlag := f.BoolP("boolb", "b", false, "bool2 value")
boolcFlag := f.BoolP("boolc", "c", false, "bool3 value")
booldFlag := f.BoolP("boold", "d", false, "bool4 value")
stringaFlag := f.StringP("stringa", "s", "0", "string value")
stringzFlag := f.StringP("stringz", "z", "0", "string value")
extra := "interspersed-argument"
notaflag := "--i-look-like-a-flag"
args := []string{
"-ab",
extra,
"-cs",
"hello",
"-z=something",
"-d=true",
"--",
notaflag,
}
f.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Error("expected no error, got ", err)
}
if !f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = false after Parse")
}
if *boolaFlag != true {
t.Error("boola flag should be true, is ", *boolaFlag)
}
if *boolbFlag != true {
t.Error("boolb flag should be true, is ", *boolbFlag)
}
if *boolcFlag != true {
t.Error("boolc flag should be true, is ", *boolcFlag)
}
if *booldFlag != true {
t.Error("boold flag should be true, is ", *booldFlag)
}
if *stringaFlag != "hello" {
t.Error("stringa flag should be `hello`, is ", *stringaFlag)
}
if *stringzFlag != "something" {
t.Error("stringz flag should be `something`, is ", *stringzFlag)
}
if len(f.Args()) != 2 {
t.Error("expected one argument, got", len(f.Args()))
} else if f.Args()[0] != extra {
t.Errorf("expected argument %q got %q", extra, f.Args()[0])
} else if f.Args()[1] != notaflag {
t.Errorf("expected argument %q got %q", notaflag, f.Args()[1])
}
if f.ArgsLenAtDash() != 1 {
t.Errorf("expected argsLenAtDash %d got %d", f.ArgsLenAtDash(), 1)
}
}
func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
ResetForTesting(func() { t.Error("bad parse") })
testParse(GetCommandLine(), t)
}
func TestFlagSetParse(t *testing.T) {
testParse(NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError), t)
}
func TestChangedHelper(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("changedtest", ContinueOnError)
_ = f.Bool("changed", false, "changed bool")
_ = f.Bool("settrue", true, "true to true")
_ = f.Bool("setfalse", false, "false to false")
_ = f.Bool("unchanged", false, "unchanged bool")
args := []string{"--changed", "--settrue", "--setfalse=false"}
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Error("f.Parse() = false after Parse")
}
if !f.Changed("changed") {
t.Errorf("--changed wasn't changed!")
}
if !f.Changed("settrue") {
t.Errorf("--settrue wasn't changed!")
}
if !f.Changed("setfalse") {
t.Errorf("--setfalse wasn't changed!")
}
if f.Changed("unchanged") {
t.Errorf("--unchanged was changed!")
}
if f.Changed("invalid") {
t.Errorf("--invalid was changed!")
}
if f.ArgsLenAtDash() != -1 {
t.Errorf("Expected argsLenAtDash: %d but got %d", -1, f.ArgsLenAtDash())
}
}
func replaceSeparators(name string, from []string, to string) string {
result := name
for _, sep := range from {
result = strings.Replace(result, sep, to, -1)
}
// Type convert to indicate normalization has been done.
return result
}
func wordSepNormalizeFunc(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName {
seps := []string{"-", "_"}
name = replaceSeparators(name, seps, ".")
normalizeFlagNameInvocations++
return NormalizedName(name)
}
func testWordSepNormalizedNames(args []string, t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("normalized", ContinueOnError)
if f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = true before Parse")
}
withDashFlag := f.Bool("with-dash-flag", false, "bool value")
// Set this after some flags have been added and before others.
f.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
withUnderFlag := f.Bool("with_under_flag", false, "bool value")
withBothFlag := f.Bool("with-both_flag", false, "bool value")
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if !f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = false after Parse")
}
if *withDashFlag != true {
t.Error("withDashFlag flag should be true, is ", *withDashFlag)
}
if *withUnderFlag != true {
t.Error("withUnderFlag flag should be true, is ", *withUnderFlag)
}
if *withBothFlag != true {
t.Error("withBothFlag flag should be true, is ", *withBothFlag)
}
}
func TestWordSepNormalizedNames(t *testing.T) {
args := []string{
"--with-dash-flag",
"--with-under-flag",
"--with-both-flag",
}
testWordSepNormalizedNames(args, t)
args = []string{
"--with_dash_flag",
"--with_under_flag",
"--with_both_flag",
}
testWordSepNormalizedNames(args, t)
args = []string{
"--with-dash_flag",
"--with-under_flag",
"--with-both_flag",
}
testWordSepNormalizedNames(args, t)
}
func aliasAndWordSepFlagNames(f *FlagSet, name string) NormalizedName {
seps := []string{"-", "_"}
oldName := replaceSeparators("old-valid_flag", seps, ".")
newName := replaceSeparators("valid-flag", seps, ".")
name = replaceSeparators(name, seps, ".")
switch name {
case oldName:
name = newName
break
}
return NormalizedName(name)
}
func TestCustomNormalizedNames(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("normalized", ContinueOnError)
if f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = true before Parse")
}
validFlag := f.Bool("valid-flag", false, "bool value")
f.SetNormalizeFunc(aliasAndWordSepFlagNames)
someOtherFlag := f.Bool("some-other-flag", false, "bool value")
args := []string{"--old_valid_flag", "--some-other_flag"}
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if *validFlag != true {
t.Errorf("validFlag is %v even though we set the alias --old_valid_falg", *validFlag)
}
if *someOtherFlag != true {
t.Error("someOtherFlag should be true, is ", *someOtherFlag)
}
}
// Every flag we add, the name (displayed also in usage) should normalized
func TestNormalizationFuncShouldChangeFlagName(t *testing.T) {
// Test normalization after addition
f := NewFlagSet("normalized", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("valid_flag", false, "bool value")
if f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name != "valid_flag" {
t.Error("The new flag should have the name 'valid_flag' instead of ", f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name)
}
f.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
if f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name != "valid.flag" {
t.Error("The new flag should have the name 'valid.flag' instead of ", f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name)
}
// Test normalization before addition
f = NewFlagSet("normalized", ContinueOnError)
f.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
f.Bool("valid_flag", false, "bool value")
if f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name != "valid.flag" {
t.Error("The new flag should have the name 'valid.flag' instead of ", f.Lookup("valid_flag").Name)
}
}
// Declare a user-defined flag type.
type flagVar []string
func (f *flagVar) String() string {
return fmt.Sprint([]string(*f))
}
func (f *flagVar) Set(value string) error {
*f = append(*f, value)
return nil
}
func (f *flagVar) Type() string {
return "flagVar"
}
func TestUserDefined(t *testing.T) {
var flags FlagSet
flags.Init("test", ContinueOnError)
var v flagVar
flags.VarP(&v, "v", "v", "usage")
if err := flags.Parse([]string{"--v=1", "-v2", "-v", "3"}); err != nil {
t.Error(err)
}
if len(v) != 3 {
t.Fatal("expected 3 args; got ", len(v))
}
expect := "[1 2 3]"
if v.String() != expect {
t.Errorf("expected value %q got %q", expect, v.String())
}
}
func TestSetOutput(t *testing.T) {
var flags FlagSet
var buf bytes.Buffer
flags.SetOutput(&buf)
flags.Init("test", ContinueOnError)
flags.Parse([]string{"--unknown"})
if out := buf.String(); !strings.Contains(out, "--unknown") {
t.Logf("expected output mentioning unknown; got %q", out)
}
}
// This tests that one can reset the flags. This still works but not well, and is
// superseded by FlagSet.
func TestChangingArgs(t *testing.T) {
ResetForTesting(func() { t.Fatal("bad parse") })
oldArgs := os.Args
defer func() { os.Args = oldArgs }()
os.Args = []string{"cmd", "--before", "subcmd"}
before := Bool("before", false, "")
if err := GetCommandLine().Parse(os.Args[1:]); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
cmd := Arg(0)
os.Args = []string{"subcmd", "--after", "args"}
after := Bool("after", false, "")
Parse()
args := Args()
if !*before || cmd != "subcmd" || !*after || len(args) != 1 || args[0] != "args" {
t.Fatalf("expected true subcmd true [args] got %v %v %v %v", *before, cmd, *after, args)
}
}
// Test that -help invokes the usage message and returns ErrHelp.
func TestHelp(t *testing.T) {
var helpCalled = false
fs := NewFlagSet("help test", ContinueOnError)
fs.Usage = func() { helpCalled = true }
var flag bool
fs.BoolVar(&flag, "flag", false, "regular flag")
// Regular flag invocation should work
err := fs.Parse([]string{"--flag=true"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if !flag {
t.Error("flag was not set by --flag")
}
if helpCalled {
t.Error("help called for regular flag")
helpCalled = false // reset for next test
}
// Help flag should work as expected.
err = fs.Parse([]string{"--help"})
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("error expected")
}
if err != ErrHelp {
t.Fatal("expected ErrHelp; got ", err)
}
if !helpCalled {
t.Fatal("help was not called")
}
// If we define a help flag, that should override.
var help bool
fs.BoolVar(&help, "help", false, "help flag")
helpCalled = false
err = fs.Parse([]string{"--help"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error for defined --help; got ", err)
}
if helpCalled {
t.Fatal("help was called; should not have been for defined help flag")
}
}
func TestNoInterspersed(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.SetInterspersed(false)
f.Bool("true", true, "always true")
f.Bool("false", false, "always false")
err := f.Parse([]string{"--true", "break", "--false"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
args := f.Args()
if len(args) != 2 || args[0] != "break" || args[1] != "--false" {
t.Fatal("expected interspersed options/non-options to fail")
}
}
func TestTermination(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("termination", ContinueOnError)
boolFlag := f.BoolP("bool", "l", false, "bool value")
if f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = true before Parse")
}
arg1 := "ls"
arg2 := "-l"
args := []string{
"--",
arg1,
arg2,
}
f.SetOutput(ioutil.Discard)
if err := f.Parse(args); err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if !f.Parsed() {
t.Error("f.Parse() = false after Parse")
}
if *boolFlag {
t.Error("expected boolFlag=false, got true")
}
if len(f.Args()) != 2 {
t.Errorf("expected 2 arguments, got %d: %v", len(f.Args()), f.Args())
}
if f.Args()[0] != arg1 {
t.Errorf("expected argument %q got %q", arg1, f.Args()[0])
}
if f.Args()[1] != arg2 {
t.Errorf("expected argument %q got %q", arg2, f.Args()[1])
}
if f.ArgsLenAtDash() != 0 {
t.Errorf("expected argsLenAtDash %d got %d", 0, f.ArgsLenAtDash())
}
}
func TestDeprecatedFlagInDocs(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("badflag", true, "always true")
f.MarkDeprecated("badflag", "use --good-flag instead")
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
f.SetOutput(out)
f.PrintDefaults()
if strings.Contains(out.String(), "badflag") {
t.Errorf("found deprecated flag in usage!")
}
}
func TestDeprecatedFlagShorthandInDocs(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
name := "noshorthandflag"
f.BoolP(name, "n", true, "always true")
f.MarkShorthandDeprecated("noshorthandflag", fmt.Sprintf("use --%s instead", name))
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
f.SetOutput(out)
f.PrintDefaults()
if strings.Contains(out.String(), "-n,") {
t.Errorf("found deprecated flag shorthand in usage!")
}
}
func parseReturnStderr(t *testing.T, f *FlagSet, args []string) (string, error) {
oldStderr := os.Stderr
r, w, _ := os.Pipe()
os.Stderr = w
err := f.Parse(args)
outC := make(chan string)
// copy the output in a separate goroutine so printing can't block indefinitely
go func() {
var buf bytes.Buffer
io.Copy(&buf, r)
outC <- buf.String()
}()
w.Close()
os.Stderr = oldStderr
out := <-outC
return out, err
}
func TestDeprecatedFlagUsage(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("badflag", true, "always true")
usageMsg := "use --good-flag instead"
f.MarkDeprecated("badflag", usageMsg)
args := []string{"--badflag"}
out, err := parseReturnStderr(t, f, args)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if !strings.Contains(out, usageMsg) {
t.Errorf("usageMsg not printed when using a deprecated flag!")
}
}
func TestDeprecatedFlagShorthandUsage(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
name := "noshorthandflag"
f.BoolP(name, "n", true, "always true")
usageMsg := fmt.Sprintf("use --%s instead", name)
f.MarkShorthandDeprecated(name, usageMsg)
args := []string{"-n"}
out, err := parseReturnStderr(t, f, args)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if !strings.Contains(out, usageMsg) {
t.Errorf("usageMsg not printed when using a deprecated flag!")
}
}
func TestDeprecatedFlagUsageNormalized(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("bad-double_flag", true, "always true")
f.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
usageMsg := "use --good-flag instead"
f.MarkDeprecated("bad_double-flag", usageMsg)
args := []string{"--bad_double_flag"}
out, err := parseReturnStderr(t, f, args)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if !strings.Contains(out, usageMsg) {
t.Errorf("usageMsg not printed when using a deprecated flag!")
}
}
// Name normalization function should be called only once on flag addition
func TestMultipleNormalizeFlagNameInvocations(t *testing.T) {
normalizeFlagNameInvocations = 0
f := NewFlagSet("normalized", ContinueOnError)
f.SetNormalizeFunc(wordSepNormalizeFunc)
f.Bool("with_under_flag", false, "bool value")
if normalizeFlagNameInvocations != 1 {
t.Fatal("Expected normalizeFlagNameInvocations to be 1; got ", normalizeFlagNameInvocations)
}
}
//
func TestHiddenFlagInUsage(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("secretFlag", true, "shhh")
f.MarkHidden("secretFlag")
out := new(bytes.Buffer)
f.SetOutput(out)
f.PrintDefaults()
if strings.Contains(out.String(), "secretFlag") {
t.Errorf("found hidden flag in usage!")
}
}
//
func TestHiddenFlagUsage(t *testing.T) {
f := NewFlagSet("bob", ContinueOnError)
f.Bool("secretFlag", true, "shhh")
f.MarkHidden("secretFlag")
args := []string{"--secretFlag"}
out, err := parseReturnStderr(t, f, args)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got ", err)
}
if strings.Contains(out, "shhh") {
t.Errorf("usage message printed when using a hidden flag!")
}
}
const defaultOutput = ` --A for bootstrapping, allow 'any' type
--Alongflagname disable bounds checking
-C, --CCC a boolean defaulting to true (default true)
--D path set relative path for local imports
--F number a non-zero number (default 2.7)
--G float a float that defaults to zero
--IP ip IP address with no default
--IPMask ipMask Netmask address with no default
--IPNet ipNet IP network with no default
--Ints intSlice int slice with zero default
--N int a non-zero int (default 27)
--ND1 string[="bar"] a string with NoOptDefVal (default "foo")
--ND2 num[=4321] a num with NoOptDefVal (default 1234)
--StringArray stringArray string array with zero default
--StringSlice stringSlice string slice with zero default
--Z int an int that defaults to zero
--custom custom custom Value implementation
--customP custom a VarP with default (default 10)
--maxT timeout set timeout for dial
`
// Custom value that satisfies the Value interface.
type customValue int
func (cv *customValue) String() string { return fmt.Sprintf("%v", *cv) }
func (cv *customValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
*cv = customValue(v)
return err
}
func (cv *customValue) Type() string { return "custom" }
func TestPrintDefaults(t *testing.T) {
fs := NewFlagSet("print defaults test", ContinueOnError)
var buf bytes.Buffer
fs.SetOutput(&buf)
fs.Bool("A", false, "for bootstrapping, allow 'any' type")
fs.Bool("Alongflagname", false, "disable bounds checking")
fs.BoolP("CCC", "C", true, "a boolean defaulting to true")
fs.String("D", "", "set relative `path` for local imports")
fs.Float64("F", 2.7, "a non-zero `number`")
fs.Float64("G", 0, "a float that defaults to zero")
fs.Int("N", 27, "a non-zero int")
fs.IntSlice("Ints", []int{}, "int slice with zero default")
fs.IP("IP", nil, "IP address with no default")
fs.IPMask("IPMask", nil, "Netmask address with no default")
fs.IPNet("IPNet", net.IPNet{}, "IP network with no default")
fs.Int("Z", 0, "an int that defaults to zero")
fs.Duration("maxT", 0, "set `timeout` for dial")
fs.String("ND1", "foo", "a string with NoOptDefVal")
fs.Lookup("ND1").NoOptDefVal = "bar"
fs.Int("ND2", 1234, "a `num` with NoOptDefVal")
fs.Lookup("ND2").NoOptDefVal = "4321"
fs.StringSlice("StringSlice", []string{}, "string slice with zero default")
fs.StringArray("StringArray", []string{}, "string array with zero default")
var cv customValue
fs.Var(&cv, "custom", "custom Value implementation")
cv2 := customValue(10)
fs.VarP(&cv2, "customP", "", "a VarP with default")
fs.PrintDefaults()
got := buf.String()
if got != defaultOutput {
fmt.Println("\n" + got)
fmt.Println("\n" + defaultOutput)
t.Errorf("got %q want %q\n", got, defaultOutput)
}
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- float32 Value
type float32Value float32
func newFloat32Value(val float32, p *float32) *float32Value {
*p = val
return (*float32Value)(p)
}
func (f *float32Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 32)
*f = float32Value(v)
return err
}
func (f *float32Value) Type() string {
return "float32"
}
func (f *float32Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(*f), 'g', -1, 32) }
func float32Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(sval, 32)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return float32(v), nil
}
// GetFloat32 return the float32 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetFloat32(name string) (float32, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "float32", float32Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(float32), nil
}
// Float32Var defines a float32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float32Var(p *float32, name string, value float32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newFloat32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Float32VarP is like Float32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Float32VarP(p *float32, name, shorthand string, value float32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newFloat32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Float32Var defines a float32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Float32Var(p *float32, name string, value float32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newFloat32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Float32VarP is like Float32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Float32VarP(p *float32, name, shorthand string, value float32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newFloat32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Float32 defines a float32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float32(name string, value float32, usage string) *float32 {
p := new(float32)
f.Float32VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Float32P is like Float32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Float32P(name, shorthand string, value float32, usage string) *float32 {
p := new(float32)
f.Float32VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Float32 defines a float32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Float32(name string, value float32, usage string) *float32 {
return CommandLine.Float32P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Float32P is like Float32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Float32P(name, shorthand string, value float32, usage string) *float32 {
return CommandLine.Float32P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- float64 Value
type float64Value float64
func newFloat64Value(val float64, p *float64) *float64Value {
*p = val
return (*float64Value)(p)
}
func (f *float64Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseFloat(s, 64)
*f = float64Value(v)
return err
}
func (f *float64Value) Type() string {
return "float64"
}
func (f *float64Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(*f), 'g', -1, 64) }
func float64Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return strconv.ParseFloat(sval, 64)
}
// GetFloat64 return the float64 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetFloat64(name string) (float64, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "float64", float64Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(float64), nil
}
// Float64Var defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64Var(p *float64, name string, value float64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newFloat64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Float64VarP is like Float64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64VarP(p *float64, name, shorthand string, value float64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newFloat64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Float64Var defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a float64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Float64Var(p *float64, name string, value float64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newFloat64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Float64VarP is like Float64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Float64VarP(p *float64, name, shorthand string, value float64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newFloat64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Float64 defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64(name string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
p := new(float64)
f.Float64VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Float64P is like Float64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Float64P(name, shorthand string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
p := new(float64)
f.Float64VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Float64 defines a float64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a float64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Float64(name string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
return CommandLine.Float64P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Float64P is like Float64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Float64P(name, shorthand string, value float64, usage string) *float64 {
return CommandLine.Float64P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
goflag "flag"
"fmt"
"reflect"
"strings"
)
var _ = fmt.Print
// flagValueWrapper implements pflag.Value around a flag.Value. The main
// difference here is the addition of the Type method that returns a string
// name of the type. As this is generally unknown, we approximate that with
// reflection.
type flagValueWrapper struct {
inner goflag.Value
flagType string
}
// We are just copying the boolFlag interface out of goflag as that is what
// they use to decide if a flag should get "true" when no arg is given.
type goBoolFlag interface {
goflag.Value
IsBoolFlag() bool
}
func wrapFlagValue(v goflag.Value) Value {
// If the flag.Value happens to also be a pflag.Value, just use it directly.
if pv, ok := v.(Value); ok {
return pv
}
pv := &flagValueWrapper{
inner: v,
}
t := reflect.TypeOf(v)
if t.Kind() == reflect.Interface || t.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
t = t.Elem()
}
pv.flagType = strings.TrimSuffix(t.Name(), "Value")
return pv
}
func (v *flagValueWrapper) String() string {
return v.inner.String()
}
func (v *flagValueWrapper) Set(s string) error {
return v.inner.Set(s)
}
func (v *flagValueWrapper) Type() string {
return v.flagType
}
// PFlagFromGoFlag will return a *pflag.Flag given a *flag.Flag
// If the *flag.Flag.Name was a single character (ex: `v`) it will be accessiblei
// with both `-v` and `--v` in flags. If the golang flag was more than a single
// character (ex: `verbose`) it will only be accessible via `--verbose`
func PFlagFromGoFlag(goflag *goflag.Flag) *Flag {
// Remember the default value as a string; it won't change.
flag := &Flag{
Name: goflag.Name,
Usage: goflag.Usage,
Value: wrapFlagValue(goflag.Value),
// Looks like golang flags don't set DefValue correctly :-(
//DefValue: goflag.DefValue,
DefValue: goflag.Value.String(),
}
// Ex: if the golang flag was -v, allow both -v and --v to work
if len(flag.Name) == 1 {
flag.Shorthand = flag.Name
}
if fv, ok := goflag.Value.(goBoolFlag); ok && fv.IsBoolFlag() {
flag.NoOptDefVal = "true"
}
return flag
}
// AddGoFlag will add the given *flag.Flag to the pflag.FlagSet
func (f *FlagSet) AddGoFlag(goflag *goflag.Flag) {
if f.Lookup(goflag.Name) != nil {
return
}
newflag := PFlagFromGoFlag(goflag)
f.AddFlag(newflag)
}
// AddGoFlagSet will add the given *flag.FlagSet to the pflag.FlagSet
func (f *FlagSet) AddGoFlagSet(newSet *goflag.FlagSet) {
if newSet == nil {
return
}
newSet.VisitAll(func(goflag *goflag.Flag) {
f.AddGoFlag(goflag)
})
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
goflag "flag"
"testing"
)
func TestGoflags(t *testing.T) {
goflag.String("stringFlag", "stringFlag", "stringFlag")
goflag.Bool("boolFlag", false, "boolFlag")
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.AddGoFlagSet(goflag.CommandLine)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--stringFlag=bob", "--boolFlag"})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; get", err)
}
getString, err := f.GetString("stringFlag")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; get", err)
}
if getString != "bob" {
t.Fatalf("expected getString=bob but got getString=%s", getString)
}
getBool, err := f.GetBool("boolFlag")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; get", err)
}
if getBool != true {
t.Fatalf("expected getBool=true but got getBool=%v", getBool)
}
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- int Value
type intValue int
func newIntValue(val int, p *int) *intValue {
*p = val
return (*intValue)(p)
}
func (i *intValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
*i = intValue(v)
return err
}
func (i *intValue) Type() string {
return "int"
}
func (i *intValue) String() string { return strconv.Itoa(int(*i)) }
func intConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return strconv.Atoi(sval)
}
// GetInt return the int value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetInt(name string) (int, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "int", intConv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int), nil
}
// IntVar defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IntVar(p *int, name string, value int, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIntValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IntVarP is like IntVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IntVarP(p *int, name, shorthand string, value int, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIntValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IntVar defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IntVar(p *int, name string, value int, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIntValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IntVarP is like IntVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IntVarP(p *int, name, shorthand string, value int, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIntValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int(name string, value int, usage string) *int {
p := new(int)
f.IntVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// IntP is like Int, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IntP(name, shorthand string, value int, usage string) *int {
p := new(int)
f.IntVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Int defines an int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int(name string, value int, usage string) *int {
return CommandLine.IntP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// IntP is like Int, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IntP(name, shorthand string, value int, usage string) *int {
return CommandLine.IntP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- int32 Value
type int32Value int32
func newInt32Value(val int32, p *int32) *int32Value {
*p = val
return (*int32Value)(p)
}
func (i *int32Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 32)
*i = int32Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *int32Value) Type() string {
return "int32"
}
func (i *int32Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatInt(int64(*i), 10) }
func int32Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(sval, 0, 32)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return int32(v), nil
}
// GetInt32 return the int32 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetInt32(name string) (int32, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "int32", int32Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int32), nil
}
// Int32Var defines an int32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int32Var(p *int32, name string, value int32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int32VarP is like Int32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int32VarP(p *int32, name, shorthand string, value int32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int32Var defines an int32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Int32Var(p *int32, name string, value int32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int32VarP is like Int32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int32VarP(p *int32, name, shorthand string, value int32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int32 defines an int32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int32(name string, value int32, usage string) *int32 {
p := new(int32)
f.Int32VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Int32P is like Int32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int32P(name, shorthand string, value int32, usage string) *int32 {
p := new(int32)
f.Int32VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Int32 defines an int32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int32(name string, value int32, usage string) *int32 {
return CommandLine.Int32P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Int32P is like Int32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int32P(name, shorthand string, value int32, usage string) *int32 {
return CommandLine.Int32P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- int64 Value
type int64Value int64
func newInt64Value(val int64, p *int64) *int64Value {
*p = val
return (*int64Value)(p)
}
func (i *int64Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 64)
*i = int64Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *int64Value) Type() string {
return "int64"
}
func (i *int64Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatInt(int64(*i), 10) }
func int64Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return strconv.ParseInt(sval, 0, 64)
}
// GetInt64 return the int64 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetInt64(name string) (int64, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "int64", int64Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int64), nil
}
// Int64Var defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64Var(p *int64, name string, value int64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int64VarP is like Int64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64VarP(p *int64, name, shorthand string, value int64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int64Var defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Int64Var(p *int64, name string, value int64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int64VarP is like Int64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int64VarP(p *int64, name, shorthand string, value int64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int64 defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64(name string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
p := new(int64)
f.Int64VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Int64P is like Int64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int64P(name, shorthand string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
p := new(int64)
f.Int64VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Int64 defines an int64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int64(name string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
return CommandLine.Int64P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Int64P is like Int64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int64P(name, shorthand string, value int64, usage string) *int64 {
return CommandLine.Int64P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- int8 Value
type int8Value int8
func newInt8Value(val int8, p *int8) *int8Value {
*p = val
return (*int8Value)(p)
}
func (i *int8Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(s, 0, 8)
*i = int8Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *int8Value) Type() string {
return "int8"
}
func (i *int8Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatInt(int64(*i), 10) }
func int8Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseInt(sval, 0, 8)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return int8(v), nil
}
// GetInt8 return the int8 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetInt8(name string) (int8, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "int8", int8Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(int8), nil
}
// Int8Var defines an int8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int8 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int8Var(p *int8, name string, value int8, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt8Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int8VarP is like Int8Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int8VarP(p *int8, name, shorthand string, value int8, usage string) {
f.VarP(newInt8Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int8Var defines an int8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an int8 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Int8Var(p *int8, name string, value int8, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt8Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Int8VarP is like Int8Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int8VarP(p *int8, name, shorthand string, value int8, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newInt8Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Int8 defines an int8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int8 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Int8(name string, value int8, usage string) *int8 {
p := new(int8)
f.Int8VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Int8P is like Int8, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Int8P(name, shorthand string, value int8, usage string) *int8 {
p := new(int8)
f.Int8VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Int8 defines an int8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an int8 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Int8(name string, value int8, usage string) *int8 {
return CommandLine.Int8P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Int8P is like Int8, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Int8P(name, shorthand string, value int8, usage string) *int8 {
return CommandLine.Int8P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
"strings"
)
// -- intSlice Value
type intSliceValue struct {
value *[]int
changed bool
}
func newIntSliceValue(val []int, p *[]int) *intSliceValue {
isv := new(intSliceValue)
isv.value = p
*isv.value = val
return isv
}
func (s *intSliceValue) Set(val string) error {
ss := strings.Split(val, ",")
out := make([]int, len(ss))
for i, d := range ss {
var err error
out[i], err = strconv.Atoi(d)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
if !s.changed {
*s.value = out
} else {
*s.value = append(*s.value, out...)
}
s.changed = true
return nil
}
func (s *intSliceValue) Type() string {
return "intSlice"
}
func (s *intSliceValue) String() string {
out := make([]string, len(*s.value))
for i, d := range *s.value {
out[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", d)
}
return "[" + strings.Join(out, ",") + "]"
}
func intSliceConv(val string) (interface{}, error) {
val = strings.Trim(val, "[]")
// Empty string would cause a slice with one (empty) entry
if len(val) == 0 {
return []int{}, nil
}
ss := strings.Split(val, ",")
out := make([]int, len(ss))
for i, d := range ss {
var err error
out[i], err = strconv.Atoi(d)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return out, nil
}
// GetIntSlice return the []int value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetIntSlice(name string) ([]int, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "intSlice", intSliceConv)
if err != nil {
return []int{}, err
}
return val.([]int), nil
}
// IntSliceVar defines a intSlice flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a []int variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IntSliceVar(p *[]int, name string, value []int, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIntSliceValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IntSliceVarP is like IntSliceVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IntSliceVarP(p *[]int, name, shorthand string, value []int, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIntSliceValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IntSliceVar defines a int[] flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a int[] variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IntSliceVar(p *[]int, name string, value []int, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIntSliceValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IntSliceVarP is like IntSliceVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IntSliceVarP(p *[]int, name, shorthand string, value []int, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIntSliceValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IntSlice defines a []int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IntSlice(name string, value []int, usage string) *[]int {
p := []int{}
f.IntSliceVarP(&p, name, "", value, usage)
return &p
}
// IntSliceP is like IntSlice, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IntSliceP(name, shorthand string, value []int, usage string) *[]int {
p := []int{}
f.IntSliceVarP(&p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return &p
}
// IntSlice defines a []int flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []int variable that stores the value of the flag.
func IntSlice(name string, value []int, usage string) *[]int {
return CommandLine.IntSliceP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// IntSliceP is like IntSlice, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IntSliceP(name, shorthand string, value []int, usage string) *[]int {
return CommandLine.IntSliceP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func setUpISFlagSet(isp *[]int) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.IntSliceVar(isp, "is", []int{}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func setUpISFlagSetWithDefault(isp *[]int) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.IntSliceVar(isp, "is", []int{0, 1}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func TestEmptyIS(t *testing.T) {
var is []int
f := setUpISFlagSet(&is)
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
getIS, err := f.GetIntSlice("is")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetIntSlice():", err)
}
if len(getIS) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("got is %v with len=%d but expected length=0", getIS, len(getIS))
}
}
func TestIS(t *testing.T) {
var is []int
f := setUpISFlagSet(&is)
vals := []string{"1", "2", "4", "3"}
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--is=%s", strings.Join(vals, ","))
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range is {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %s but got: %d", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
getIS, err := f.GetIntSlice("is")
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
for i, v := range getIS {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %s but got: %d from GetIntSlice", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestISDefault(t *testing.T) {
var is []int
f := setUpISFlagSetWithDefault(&is)
vals := []string{"0", "1"}
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range is {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %d but got: %d", i, d, v)
}
}
getIS, err := f.GetIntSlice("is")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetIntSlice():", err)
}
for i, v := range getIS {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetIntSlice():", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %d from GetIntSlice but got: %d", i, d, v)
}
}
}
func TestISWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
var is []int
f := setUpISFlagSetWithDefault(&is)
vals := []string{"1", "2"}
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--is=%s", strings.Join(vals, ","))
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range is {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %d but got: %d", i, d, v)
}
}
getIS, err := f.GetIntSlice("is")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetIntSlice():", err)
}
for i, v := range getIS {
d, err := strconv.Atoi(vals[i])
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("got error: %v", err)
}
if d != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %d from GetIntSlice but got: %d", i, d, v)
}
}
}
func TestISCalledTwice(t *testing.T) {
var is []int
f := setUpISFlagSet(&is)
in := []string{"1,2", "3"}
expected := []int{1, 2, 3}
argfmt := "--is=%s"
arg1 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[0])
arg2 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[1])
err := f.Parse([]string{arg1, arg2})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range is {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected is[%d] to be %d but got: %d", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
}

96
vendor/src/github.com/spf13/pflag/ip.go vendored Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"strings"
)
var _ = strings.TrimSpace
// -- net.IP value
type ipValue net.IP
func newIPValue(val net.IP, p *net.IP) *ipValue {
*p = val
return (*ipValue)(p)
}
func (i *ipValue) String() string { return net.IP(*i).String() }
func (i *ipValue) Set(s string) error {
ip := net.ParseIP(strings.TrimSpace(s))
if ip == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse IP: %q", s)
}
*i = ipValue(ip)
return nil
}
func (i *ipValue) Type() string {
return "ip"
}
func ipConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
ip := net.ParseIP(sval)
if ip != nil {
return ip, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid string being converted to IP address: %s", sval)
}
// GetIP return the net.IP value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetIP(name string) (net.IP, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "ip", ipConv)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return val.(net.IP), nil
}
// IPVar defines an net.IP flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IP variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IPVar(p *net.IP, name string, value net.IP, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPVarP is like IPVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPVarP(p *net.IP, name, shorthand string, value net.IP, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IPVar defines an net.IP flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IP variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IPVar(p *net.IP, name string, value net.IP, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPVarP is like IPVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPVarP(p *net.IP, name, shorthand string, value net.IP, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IP defines an net.IP flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IP variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IP(name string, value net.IP, usage string) *net.IP {
p := new(net.IP)
f.IPVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// IPP is like IP, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPP(name, shorthand string, value net.IP, usage string) *net.IP {
p := new(net.IP)
f.IPVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// IP defines an net.IP flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IP variable that stores the value of the flag.
func IP(name string, value net.IP, usage string) *net.IP {
return CommandLine.IPP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// IPP is like IP, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPP(name, shorthand string, value net.IP, usage string) *net.IP {
return CommandLine.IPP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"os"
"testing"
)
func setUpIP(ip *net.IP) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.IPVar(ip, "address", net.ParseIP("0.0.0.0"), "IP Address")
return f
}
func TestIP(t *testing.T) {
testCases := []struct {
input string
success bool
expected string
}{
{"0.0.0.0", true, "0.0.0.0"},
{" 0.0.0.0 ", true, "0.0.0.0"},
{"1.2.3.4", true, "1.2.3.4"},
{"127.0.0.1", true, "127.0.0.1"},
{"255.255.255.255", true, "255.255.255.255"},
{"", false, ""},
{"0", false, ""},
{"localhost", false, ""},
{"0.0.0", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.0.", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.256", false, ""},
{"0 . 0 . 0 . 0", false, ""},
}
devnull, _ := os.Open(os.DevNull)
os.Stderr = devnull
for i := range testCases {
var addr net.IP
f := setUpIP(&addr)
tc := &testCases[i]
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--address=%s", tc.input)
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil && tc.success == true {
t.Errorf("expected success, got %q", err)
continue
} else if err == nil && tc.success == false {
t.Errorf("expected failure")
continue
} else if tc.success {
ip, err := f.GetIP("address")
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Got error trying to fetch the IP flag: %v", err)
}
if ip.String() != tc.expected {
t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tc.expected, ip.String())
}
}
}
}

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package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"strconv"
)
// -- net.IPMask value
type ipMaskValue net.IPMask
func newIPMaskValue(val net.IPMask, p *net.IPMask) *ipMaskValue {
*p = val
return (*ipMaskValue)(p)
}
func (i *ipMaskValue) String() string { return net.IPMask(*i).String() }
func (i *ipMaskValue) Set(s string) error {
ip := ParseIPv4Mask(s)
if ip == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse IP mask: %q", s)
}
*i = ipMaskValue(ip)
return nil
}
func (i *ipMaskValue) Type() string {
return "ipMask"
}
// ParseIPv4Mask written in IP form (e.g. 255.255.255.0).
// This function should really belong to the net package.
func ParseIPv4Mask(s string) net.IPMask {
mask := net.ParseIP(s)
if mask == nil {
if len(s) != 8 {
return nil
}
// net.IPMask.String() actually outputs things like ffffff00
// so write a horrible parser for that as well :-(
m := []int{}
for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
b := "0x" + s[2*i:2*i+2]
d, err := strconv.ParseInt(b, 0, 0)
if err != nil {
return nil
}
m = append(m, int(d))
}
s := fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d.%d", m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3])
mask = net.ParseIP(s)
if mask == nil {
return nil
}
}
return net.IPv4Mask(mask[12], mask[13], mask[14], mask[15])
}
func parseIPv4Mask(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
mask := ParseIPv4Mask(sval)
if mask == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse %s as net.IPMask", sval)
}
return mask, nil
}
// GetIPv4Mask return the net.IPv4Mask value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetIPv4Mask(name string) (net.IPMask, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "ipMask", parseIPv4Mask)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return val.(net.IPMask), nil
}
// IPMaskVar defines an net.IPMask flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IPMask variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IPMaskVar(p *net.IPMask, name string, value net.IPMask, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPMaskValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPMaskVarP is like IPMaskVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPMaskVarP(p *net.IPMask, name, shorthand string, value net.IPMask, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPMaskValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IPMaskVar defines an net.IPMask flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IPMask variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IPMaskVar(p *net.IPMask, name string, value net.IPMask, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPMaskValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPMaskVarP is like IPMaskVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPMaskVarP(p *net.IPMask, name, shorthand string, value net.IPMask, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPMaskValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IPMask defines an net.IPMask flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IPMask variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IPMask(name string, value net.IPMask, usage string) *net.IPMask {
p := new(net.IPMask)
f.IPMaskVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// IPMaskP is like IPMask, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPMaskP(name, shorthand string, value net.IPMask, usage string) *net.IPMask {
p := new(net.IPMask)
f.IPMaskVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// IPMask defines an net.IPMask flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IPMask variable that stores the value of the flag.
func IPMask(name string, value net.IPMask, usage string) *net.IPMask {
return CommandLine.IPMaskP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// IPMaskP is like IP, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPMaskP(name, shorthand string, value net.IPMask, usage string) *net.IPMask {
return CommandLine.IPMaskP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"strings"
)
// IPNet adapts net.IPNet for use as a flag.
type ipNetValue net.IPNet
func (ipnet ipNetValue) String() string {
n := net.IPNet(ipnet)
return n.String()
}
func (ipnet *ipNetValue) Set(value string) error {
_, n, err := net.ParseCIDR(strings.TrimSpace(value))
if err != nil {
return err
}
*ipnet = ipNetValue(*n)
return nil
}
func (*ipNetValue) Type() string {
return "ipNet"
}
var _ = strings.TrimSpace
func newIPNetValue(val net.IPNet, p *net.IPNet) *ipNetValue {
*p = val
return (*ipNetValue)(p)
}
func ipNetConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
_, n, err := net.ParseCIDR(strings.TrimSpace(sval))
if err == nil {
return *n, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid string being converted to IPNet: %s", sval)
}
// GetIPNet return the net.IPNet value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetIPNet(name string) (net.IPNet, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "ipNet", ipNetConv)
if err != nil {
return net.IPNet{}, err
}
return val.(net.IPNet), nil
}
// IPNetVar defines an net.IPNet flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IPNet variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IPNetVar(p *net.IPNet, name string, value net.IPNet, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPNetValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPNetVarP is like IPNetVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPNetVarP(p *net.IPNet, name, shorthand string, value net.IPNet, usage string) {
f.VarP(newIPNetValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IPNetVar defines an net.IPNet flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to an net.IPNet variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func IPNetVar(p *net.IPNet, name string, value net.IPNet, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPNetValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// IPNetVarP is like IPNetVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPNetVarP(p *net.IPNet, name, shorthand string, value net.IPNet, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newIPNetValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// IPNet defines an net.IPNet flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IPNet variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) IPNet(name string, value net.IPNet, usage string) *net.IPNet {
p := new(net.IPNet)
f.IPNetVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// IPNetP is like IPNet, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) IPNetP(name, shorthand string, value net.IPNet, usage string) *net.IPNet {
p := new(net.IPNet)
f.IPNetVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// IPNet defines an net.IPNet flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of an net.IPNet variable that stores the value of the flag.
func IPNet(name string, value net.IPNet, usage string) *net.IPNet {
return CommandLine.IPNetP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// IPNetP is like IPNet, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func IPNetP(name, shorthand string, value net.IPNet, usage string) *net.IPNet {
return CommandLine.IPNetP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"net"
"os"
"testing"
)
func setUpIPNet(ip *net.IPNet) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
_, def, _ := net.ParseCIDR("0.0.0.0/0")
f.IPNetVar(ip, "address", *def, "IP Address")
return f
}
func TestIPNet(t *testing.T) {
testCases := []struct {
input string
success bool
expected string
}{
{"0.0.0.0/0", true, "0.0.0.0/0"},
{" 0.0.0.0/0 ", true, "0.0.0.0/0"},
{"1.2.3.4/8", true, "1.0.0.0/8"},
{"127.0.0.1/16", true, "127.0.0.0/16"},
{"255.255.255.255/19", true, "255.255.224.0/19"},
{"255.255.255.255/32", true, "255.255.255.255/32"},
{"", false, ""},
{"/0", false, ""},
{"0", false, ""},
{"0/0", false, ""},
{"localhost/0", false, ""},
{"0.0.0/4", false, ""},
{"0.0.0./8", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.0./12", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.256/16", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.0 /20", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.0/ 24", false, ""},
{"0 . 0 . 0 . 0 / 28", false, ""},
{"0.0.0.0/33", false, ""},
}
devnull, _ := os.Open(os.DevNull)
os.Stderr = devnull
for i := range testCases {
var addr net.IPNet
f := setUpIPNet(&addr)
tc := &testCases[i]
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--address=%s", tc.input)
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil && tc.success == true {
t.Errorf("expected success, got %q", err)
continue
} else if err == nil && tc.success == false {
t.Errorf("expected failure")
continue
} else if tc.success {
ip, err := f.GetIPNet("address")
if err != nil {
t.Errorf("Got error trying to fetch the IP flag: %v", err)
}
if ip.String() != tc.expected {
t.Errorf("expected %q, got %q", tc.expected, ip.String())
}
}
}
}

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package pflag
// -- string Value
type stringValue string
func newStringValue(val string, p *string) *stringValue {
*p = val
return (*stringValue)(p)
}
func (s *stringValue) Set(val string) error {
*s = stringValue(val)
return nil
}
func (s *stringValue) Type() string {
return "string"
}
func (s *stringValue) String() string { return string(*s) }
func stringConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
return sval, nil
}
// GetString return the string value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetString(name string) (string, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "string", stringConv)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return val.(string), nil
}
// StringVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) StringVar(p *string, name string, value string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringVarP is like StringVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringVarP(p *string, name, shorthand string, value string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// StringVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func StringVar(p *string, name string, value string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringVarP is like StringVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringVarP(p *string, name, shorthand string, value string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// String defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) String(name string, value string, usage string) *string {
p := new(string)
f.StringVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// StringP is like String, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringP(name, shorthand string, value string, usage string) *string {
p := new(string)
f.StringVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// String defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func String(name string, value string, usage string) *string {
return CommandLine.StringP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// StringP is like String, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringP(name, shorthand string, value string, usage string) *string {
return CommandLine.StringP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
)
var _ = fmt.Fprint
// -- stringArray Value
type stringArrayValue struct {
value *[]string
changed bool
}
func newStringArrayValue(val []string, p *[]string) *stringArrayValue {
ssv := new(stringArrayValue)
ssv.value = p
*ssv.value = val
return ssv
}
func (s *stringArrayValue) Set(val string) error {
if !s.changed {
*s.value = []string{val}
s.changed = true
} else {
*s.value = append(*s.value, val)
}
return nil
}
func (s *stringArrayValue) Type() string {
return "stringArray"
}
func (s *stringArrayValue) String() string {
str, _ := writeAsCSV(*s.value)
return "[" + str + "]"
}
func stringArrayConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
sval = strings.Trim(sval, "[]")
// An empty string would cause a array with one (empty) string
if len(sval) == 0 {
return []string{}, nil
}
return readAsCSV(sval)
}
// GetStringArray return the []string value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetStringArray(name string) ([]string, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "stringArray", stringArrayConv)
if err != nil {
return []string{}, err
}
return val.([]string), nil
}
// StringArrayVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a []string variable in which to store the values of the multiple flags.
// The value of each argument will not try to be separated by comma
func (f *FlagSet) StringArrayVar(p *[]string, name string, value []string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringArrayValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringArrayVarP is like StringArrayVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringArrayVarP(p *[]string, name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringArrayValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// StringArrayVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a []string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
// The value of each argument will not try to be separated by comma
func StringArrayVar(p *[]string, name string, value []string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringArrayValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringArrayVarP is like StringArrayVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringArrayVarP(p *[]string, name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringArrayValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// StringArray defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []string variable that stores the value of the flag.
// The value of each argument will not try to be separated by comma
func (f *FlagSet) StringArray(name string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
p := []string{}
f.StringArrayVarP(&p, name, "", value, usage)
return &p
}
// StringArrayP is like StringArray, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringArrayP(name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
p := []string{}
f.StringArrayVarP(&p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return &p
}
// StringArray defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []string variable that stores the value of the flag.
// The value of each argument will not try to be separated by comma
func StringArray(name string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
return CommandLine.StringArrayP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// StringArrayP is like StringArray, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringArrayP(name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
return CommandLine.StringArrayP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"testing"
)
func setUpSAFlagSet(sap *[]string) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.StringArrayVar(sap, "sa", []string{}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func setUpSAFlagSetWithDefault(sap *[]string) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.StringArrayVar(sap, "sa", []string{"default", "values"}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func TestEmptySA(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSet(&sa)
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
getSA, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringArray():", err)
}
if len(getSA) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("got sa %v with len=%d but expected length=0", getSA, len(getSA))
}
}
func TestEmptySAValue(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSet(&sa)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--sa="})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
getSA, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringArray():", err)
}
if len(getSA) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("got sa %v with len=%d but expected length=0", getSA, len(getSA))
}
}
func TestSADefault(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSetWithDefault(&sa)
vals := []string{"default", "values"}
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range sa {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected sa[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
getSA, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringArray():", err)
}
for i, v := range getSA {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected sa[%d] to be %s from GetStringArray but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSAWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSetWithDefault(&sa)
val := "one"
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--sa=%s", val)
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(sa) != 1 {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but %d", 1, len(sa))
}
if sa[0] != val {
t.Fatalf("expected value to be %s but got: %s", sa[0], val)
}
getSA, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringArray():", err)
}
if len(getSA) != 1 {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but %d", 1, len(getSA))
}
if getSA[0] != val {
t.Fatalf("expected value to be %s but got: %s", getSA[0], val)
}
}
func TestSACalledTwice(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSet(&sa)
in := []string{"one", "two"}
expected := []string{"one", "two"}
argfmt := "--sa=%s"
arg1 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[0])
arg2 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[1])
err := f.Parse([]string{arg1, arg2})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(sa) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of sa to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(sa))
}
for i, v := range sa {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected sa[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
values, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(values) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(sa))
}
for i, v := range values {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected got sa[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSAWithSpecialChar(t *testing.T) {
var sa []string
f := setUpSAFlagSet(&sa)
in := []string{"one,two", `"three"`, `"four,five",six`, "seven eight"}
expected := []string{"one,two", `"three"`, `"four,five",six`, "seven eight"}
argfmt := "--sa=%s"
arg1 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[0])
arg2 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[1])
arg3 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[2])
arg4 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[3])
err := f.Parse([]string{arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(sa) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of sa to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(sa))
}
for i, v := range sa {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected sa[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
values, err := f.GetStringArray("sa")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(values) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(values))
}
for i, v := range values {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected got sa[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
}

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package pflag
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/csv"
"fmt"
"strings"
)
var _ = fmt.Fprint
// -- stringSlice Value
type stringSliceValue struct {
value *[]string
changed bool
}
func newStringSliceValue(val []string, p *[]string) *stringSliceValue {
ssv := new(stringSliceValue)
ssv.value = p
*ssv.value = val
return ssv
}
func readAsCSV(val string) ([]string, error) {
if val == "" {
return []string{}, nil
}
stringReader := strings.NewReader(val)
csvReader := csv.NewReader(stringReader)
return csvReader.Read()
}
func writeAsCSV(vals []string) (string, error) {
b := &bytes.Buffer{}
w := csv.NewWriter(b)
err := w.Write(vals)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
w.Flush()
return strings.TrimSuffix(b.String(), fmt.Sprintln()), nil
}
func (s *stringSliceValue) Set(val string) error {
v, err := readAsCSV(val)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !s.changed {
*s.value = v
} else {
*s.value = append(*s.value, v...)
}
s.changed = true
return nil
}
func (s *stringSliceValue) Type() string {
return "stringSlice"
}
func (s *stringSliceValue) String() string {
str, _ := writeAsCSV(*s.value)
return "[" + str + "]"
}
func stringSliceConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
sval = strings.Trim(sval, "[]")
// An empty string would cause a slice with one (empty) string
if len(sval) == 0 {
return []string{}, nil
}
return readAsCSV(sval)
}
// GetStringSlice return the []string value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetStringSlice(name string) ([]string, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "stringSlice", stringSliceConv)
if err != nil {
return []string{}, err
}
return val.([]string), nil
}
// StringSliceVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a []string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) StringSliceVar(p *[]string, name string, value []string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringSliceValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringSliceVarP is like StringSliceVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringSliceVarP(p *[]string, name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) {
f.VarP(newStringSliceValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// StringSliceVar defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a []string variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func StringSliceVar(p *[]string, name string, value []string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringSliceValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// StringSliceVarP is like StringSliceVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringSliceVarP(p *[]string, name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newStringSliceValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// StringSlice defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) StringSlice(name string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
p := []string{}
f.StringSliceVarP(&p, name, "", value, usage)
return &p
}
// StringSliceP is like StringSlice, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) StringSliceP(name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
p := []string{}
f.StringSliceVarP(&p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return &p
}
// StringSlice defines a string flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a []string variable that stores the value of the flag.
func StringSlice(name string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
return CommandLine.StringSliceP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// StringSliceP is like StringSlice, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func StringSliceP(name, shorthand string, value []string, usage string) *[]string {
return CommandLine.StringSliceP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package pflag
import (
"fmt"
"strings"
"testing"
)
func setUpSSFlagSet(ssp *[]string) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.StringSliceVar(ssp, "ss", []string{}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func setUpSSFlagSetWithDefault(ssp *[]string) *FlagSet {
f := NewFlagSet("test", ContinueOnError)
f.StringSliceVar(ssp, "ss", []string{"default", "values"}, "Command separated list!")
return f
}
func TestEmptySS(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSet(&ss)
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
getSS, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringSlice():", err)
}
if len(getSS) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("got ss %v with len=%d but expected length=0", getSS, len(getSS))
}
}
func TestEmptySSValue(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSet(&ss)
err := f.Parse([]string{"--ss="})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
getSS, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringSlice():", err)
}
if len(getSS) != 0 {
t.Fatalf("got ss %v with len=%d but expected length=0", getSS, len(getSS))
}
}
func TestSS(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSet(&ss)
vals := []string{"one", "two", "4", "3"}
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--ss=%s", strings.Join(vals, ","))
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range ss {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
getSS, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringSlice():", err)
}
for i, v := range getSS {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s from GetStringSlice but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSSDefault(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSetWithDefault(&ss)
vals := []string{"default", "values"}
err := f.Parse([]string{})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range ss {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
getSS, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringSlice():", err)
}
for i, v := range getSS {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s from GetStringSlice but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSSWithDefault(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSetWithDefault(&ss)
vals := []string{"one", "two", "4", "3"}
arg := fmt.Sprintf("--ss=%s", strings.Join(vals, ","))
err := f.Parse([]string{arg})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
for i, v := range ss {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
getSS, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("got an error from GetStringSlice():", err)
}
for i, v := range getSS {
if vals[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s from GetStringSlice but got: %s", i, vals[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSSCalledTwice(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSet(&ss)
in := []string{"one,two", "three"}
expected := []string{"one", "two", "three"}
argfmt := "--ss=%s"
arg1 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[0])
arg2 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[1])
err := f.Parse([]string{arg1, arg2})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(ss) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of ss to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(ss))
}
for i, v := range ss {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
values, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(values) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(ss))
}
for i, v := range values {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected got ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
}
func TestSSWithComma(t *testing.T) {
var ss []string
f := setUpSSFlagSet(&ss)
in := []string{`"one,two"`, `"three"`, `"four,five",six`}
expected := []string{"one,two", "three", "four,five", "six"}
argfmt := "--ss=%s"
arg1 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[0])
arg2 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[1])
arg3 := fmt.Sprintf(argfmt, in[2])
err := f.Parse([]string{arg1, arg2, arg3})
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(ss) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of ss to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(ss))
}
for i, v := range ss {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
values, err := f.GetStringSlice("ss")
if err != nil {
t.Fatal("expected no error; got", err)
}
if len(expected) != len(values) {
t.Fatalf("expected number of values to be %d but got: %d", len(expected), len(values))
}
for i, v := range values {
if expected[i] != v {
t.Fatalf("expected got ss[%d] to be %s but got: %s", i, expected[i], v)
}
}
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- uint Value
type uintValue uint
func newUintValue(val uint, p *uint) *uintValue {
*p = val
return (*uintValue)(p)
}
func (i *uintValue) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 64)
*i = uintValue(v)
return err
}
func (i *uintValue) Type() string {
return "uint"
}
func (i *uintValue) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
func uintConv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(sval, 0, 0)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return uint(v), nil
}
// GetUint return the uint value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetUint(name string) (uint, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "uint", uintConv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(uint), nil
}
// UintVar defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) UintVar(p *uint, name string, value uint, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUintValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// UintVarP is like UintVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) UintVarP(p *uint, name, shorthand string, value uint, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUintValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// UintVar defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func UintVar(p *uint, name string, value uint, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUintValue(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// UintVarP is like UintVar, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func UintVarP(p *uint, name, shorthand string, value uint, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUintValue(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint(name string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
p := new(uint)
f.UintVarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// UintP is like Uint, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) UintP(name, shorthand string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
p := new(uint)
f.UintVarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint(name string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
return CommandLine.UintP(name, "", value, usage)
}
// UintP is like Uint, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func UintP(name, shorthand string, value uint, usage string) *uint {
return CommandLine.UintP(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- uint16 value
type uint16Value uint16
func newUint16Value(val uint16, p *uint16) *uint16Value {
*p = val
return (*uint16Value)(p)
}
func (i *uint16Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 16)
*i = uint16Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *uint16Value) Type() string {
return "uint16"
}
func (i *uint16Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
func uint16Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(sval, 0, 16)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return uint16(v), nil
}
// GetUint16 return the uint16 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetUint16(name string) (uint16, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "uint16", uint16Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(uint16), nil
}
// Uint16Var defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint16Var(p *uint16, name string, value uint16, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint16Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint16VarP is like Uint16Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint16VarP(p *uint16, name, shorthand string, value uint16, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint16Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint16Var defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Uint16Var(p *uint16, name string, value uint16, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint16Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint16VarP is like Uint16Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint16VarP(p *uint16, name, shorthand string, value uint16, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint16Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint16 defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint16(name string, value uint16, usage string) *uint16 {
p := new(uint16)
f.Uint16VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint16P is like Uint16, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint16P(name, shorthand string, value uint16, usage string) *uint16 {
p := new(uint16)
f.Uint16VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint16 defines a uint flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint16(name string, value uint16, usage string) *uint16 {
return CommandLine.Uint16P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Uint16P is like Uint16, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint16P(name, shorthand string, value uint16, usage string) *uint16 {
return CommandLine.Uint16P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- uint32 value
type uint32Value uint32
func newUint32Value(val uint32, p *uint32) *uint32Value {
*p = val
return (*uint32Value)(p)
}
func (i *uint32Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 32)
*i = uint32Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *uint32Value) Type() string {
return "uint32"
}
func (i *uint32Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
func uint32Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(sval, 0, 32)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return uint32(v), nil
}
// GetUint32 return the uint32 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetUint32(name string) (uint32, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "uint32", uint32Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(uint32), nil
}
// Uint32Var defines a uint32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint32Var(p *uint32, name string, value uint32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint32VarP is like Uint32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint32VarP(p *uint32, name, shorthand string, value uint32, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint32Var defines a uint32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint32 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Uint32Var(p *uint32, name string, value uint32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint32Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint32VarP is like Uint32Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint32VarP(p *uint32, name, shorthand string, value uint32, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint32Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint32 defines a uint32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint32(name string, value uint32, usage string) *uint32 {
p := new(uint32)
f.Uint32VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint32P is like Uint32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint32P(name, shorthand string, value uint32, usage string) *uint32 {
p := new(uint32)
f.Uint32VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint32 defines a uint32 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint32 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint32(name string, value uint32, usage string) *uint32 {
return CommandLine.Uint32P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Uint32P is like Uint32, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint32P(name, shorthand string, value uint32, usage string) *uint32 {
return CommandLine.Uint32P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- uint64 Value
type uint64Value uint64
func newUint64Value(val uint64, p *uint64) *uint64Value {
*p = val
return (*uint64Value)(p)
}
func (i *uint64Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 64)
*i = uint64Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *uint64Value) Type() string {
return "uint64"
}
func (i *uint64Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
func uint64Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(sval, 0, 64)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return uint64(v), nil
}
// GetUint64 return the uint64 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetUint64(name string) (uint64, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "uint64", uint64Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(uint64), nil
}
// Uint64Var defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64Var(p *uint64, name string, value uint64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint64VarP is like Uint64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64VarP(p *uint64, name, shorthand string, value uint64, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint64Var defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint64 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Uint64Var(p *uint64, name string, value uint64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint64Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint64VarP is like Uint64Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint64VarP(p *uint64, name, shorthand string, value uint64, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint64Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint64 defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64(name string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
p := new(uint64)
f.Uint64VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint64P is like Uint64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint64P(name, shorthand string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
p := new(uint64)
f.Uint64VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint64 defines a uint64 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint64 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint64(name string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
return CommandLine.Uint64P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Uint64P is like Uint64, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint64P(name, shorthand string, value uint64, usage string) *uint64 {
return CommandLine.Uint64P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
package pflag
import "strconv"
// -- uint8 Value
type uint8Value uint8
func newUint8Value(val uint8, p *uint8) *uint8Value {
*p = val
return (*uint8Value)(p)
}
func (i *uint8Value) Set(s string) error {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(s, 0, 8)
*i = uint8Value(v)
return err
}
func (i *uint8Value) Type() string {
return "uint8"
}
func (i *uint8Value) String() string { return strconv.FormatUint(uint64(*i), 10) }
func uint8Conv(sval string) (interface{}, error) {
v, err := strconv.ParseUint(sval, 0, 8)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return uint8(v), nil
}
// GetUint8 return the uint8 value of a flag with the given name
func (f *FlagSet) GetUint8(name string) (uint8, error) {
val, err := f.getFlagType(name, "uint8", uint8Conv)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
return val.(uint8), nil
}
// Uint8Var defines a uint8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint8 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint8Var(p *uint8, name string, value uint8, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint8Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint8VarP is like Uint8Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint8VarP(p *uint8, name, shorthand string, value uint8, usage string) {
f.VarP(newUint8Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint8Var defines a uint8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The argument p points to a uint8 variable in which to store the value of the flag.
func Uint8Var(p *uint8, name string, value uint8, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint8Value(value, p), name, "", usage)
}
// Uint8VarP is like Uint8Var, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint8VarP(p *uint8, name, shorthand string, value uint8, usage string) {
CommandLine.VarP(newUint8Value(value, p), name, shorthand, usage)
}
// Uint8 defines a uint8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint8 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint8(name string, value uint8, usage string) *uint8 {
p := new(uint8)
f.Uint8VarP(p, name, "", value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint8P is like Uint8, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func (f *FlagSet) Uint8P(name, shorthand string, value uint8, usage string) *uint8 {
p := new(uint8)
f.Uint8VarP(p, name, shorthand, value, usage)
return p
}
// Uint8 defines a uint8 flag with specified name, default value, and usage string.
// The return value is the address of a uint8 variable that stores the value of the flag.
func Uint8(name string, value uint8, usage string) *uint8 {
return CommandLine.Uint8P(name, "", value, usage)
}
// Uint8P is like Uint8, but accepts a shorthand letter that can be used after a single dash.
func Uint8P(name, shorthand string, value uint8, usage string) *uint8 {
return CommandLine.Uint8P(name, shorthand, value, usage)
}

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#!/bin/bash
set -o errexit
set -o nounset
set -o pipefail
ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/..
# Some useful colors.
if [[ -z "${color_start-}" ]]; then
declare -r color_start="\033["
declare -r color_red="${color_start}0;31m"
declare -r color_yellow="${color_start}0;33m"
declare -r color_green="${color_start}0;32m"
declare -r color_norm="${color_start}0m"
fi
SILENT=true
function is-excluded {
for e in $EXCLUDE; do
if [[ $1 -ef ${BASH_SOURCE} ]]; then
return
fi
if [[ $1 -ef "$ROOT/hack/$e" ]]; then
return
fi
done
return 1
}
while getopts ":v" opt; do
case $opt in
v)
SILENT=false
;;
\?)
echo "Invalid flag: -$OPTARG" >&2
exit 1
;;
esac
done
if $SILENT ; then
echo "Running in the silent mode, run with -v if you want to see script logs."
fi
EXCLUDE="all.sh"
ret=0
for t in `ls $ROOT/verify/*.sh`
do
if is-excluded $t ; then
echo "Skipping $t"
continue
fi
if $SILENT ; then
echo -e "Verifying $t"
if bash "$t" &> /dev/null; then
echo -e "${color_green}SUCCESS${color_norm}"
else
echo -e "${color_red}FAILED${color_norm}"
ret=1
fi
else
bash "$t" || ret=1
fi
done
exit $ret

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@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
#!/bin/bash
set -o errexit
set -o nounset
set -o pipefail
ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/..
pushd "${ROOT}" > /dev/null
GOFMT=${GOFMT:-"gofmt"}
bad_files=$(find . -name '*.go' | xargs $GOFMT -s -l)
if [[ -n "${bad_files}" ]]; then
echo "!!! '$GOFMT' needs to be run on the following files: "
echo "${bad_files}"
exit 1
fi
# ex: ts=2 sw=2 et filetype=sh

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@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
#!/bin/bash
ROOT=$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE}")/..
GOLINT=${GOLINT:-"golint"}
pushd "${ROOT}" > /dev/null
bad_files=$($GOLINT -min_confidence=0.9 ./...)
if [[ -n "${bad_files}" ]]; then
echo "!!! '$GOLINT' problems: "
echo "${bad_files}"
exit 1
fi
popd > /dev/null
# ex: ts=2 sw=2 et filetype=sh