From 40ac678252f6c955d2aeedca2f071fdfe55c95ac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Michael Eischer <michael.eischer@fau.de>
Date: Sat, 3 Dec 2022 11:28:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] backend: remove Test method

The Test method was only used in exactly one place, namely when trying
to create a new repository it was used to check whether a config file
already exists.

Use a combination of Stat() and IsNotExist() instead.
---
 internal/archiver/archiver_test.go           |  4 ----
 internal/backend/azure/azure.go              | 14 -----------
 internal/backend/azure/azure_test.go         |  6 ++---
 internal/backend/b2/b2.go                    | 23 +++---------------
 internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend.go       |  4 ----
 internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend_test.go  |  9 -------
 internal/backend/gs/gs.go                    | 16 -------------
 internal/backend/gs/gs_test.go               |  6 ++---
 internal/backend/local/local.go              | 18 --------------
 internal/backend/mem/mem_backend.go          | 17 -------------
 internal/backend/mem/mem_backend_test.go     |  6 ++---
 internal/backend/mock/backend.go             | 10 --------
 internal/backend/rest/rest.go                | 10 --------
 internal/backend/retry/backend_retry.go      | 11 ---------
 internal/backend/retry/backend_retry_test.go |  4 +---
 internal/backend/s3/s3.go                    | 17 -------------
 internal/backend/s3/s3_test.go               | 12 +++++-----
 internal/backend/sftp/sftp.go                | 22 -----------------
 internal/backend/swift/swift.go              | 19 ---------------
 internal/backend/swift/swift_test.go         |  6 ++---
 internal/backend/test/tests.go               | 25 +++++++++++++-------
 internal/repository/repository.go            |  6 ++---
 internal/restic/backend.go                   |  3 ---
 internal/restic/lock_test.go                 |  9 +++----
 24 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 230 deletions(-)

diff --git a/internal/archiver/archiver_test.go b/internal/archiver/archiver_test.go
index b11e1a6e9..7995cf98f 100644
--- a/internal/archiver/archiver_test.go
+++ b/internal/archiver/archiver_test.go
@@ -1873,10 +1873,6 @@ type noCancelBackend struct {
 	restic.Backend
 }
 
-func (c *noCancelBackend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	return c.Backend.Test(context.Background(), h)
-}
-
 func (c *noCancelBackend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	return c.Backend.Remove(context.Background(), h)
 }
diff --git a/internal/backend/azure/azure.go b/internal/backend/azure/azure.go
index e6dc226cb..7e9b64679 100644
--- a/internal/backend/azure/azure.go
+++ b/internal/backend/azure/azure.go
@@ -330,20 +330,6 @@ func (be *Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo,
 	return fi, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (be *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	objName := be.Filename(h)
-
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	found, err := be.container.GetBlobReference(objName).Exists()
-	be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	return found, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (be *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	objName := be.Filename(h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/azure/azure_test.go b/internal/backend/azure/azure_test.go
index f1e58dea3..83d43145e 100644
--- a/internal/backend/azure/azure_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/azure/azure_test.go
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ func newAzureTestSuite(t testing.TB) *test.Suite {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			exists, err := be.Test(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-			if err != nil {
+			_, err = be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+			if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if exists {
+			if err == nil {
 				return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 			}
 
diff --git a/internal/backend/b2/b2.go b/internal/backend/b2/b2.go
index b95506856..0cbc1aa10 100644
--- a/internal/backend/b2/b2.go
+++ b/internal/backend/b2/b2.go
@@ -147,12 +147,12 @@ func Create(ctx context.Context, cfg Config, rt http.RoundTripper) (restic.Backe
 		sem:          sem,
 	}
 
-	present, err := be.Test(ctx, restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-	if err != nil {
+	_, err = be.Stat(ctx, restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+	if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if present {
+	if err == nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 	}
 
@@ -287,23 +287,6 @@ func (be *b2Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bi restic.FileI
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: info.Size, Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (be *b2Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	debug.Log("Test %v", h)
-
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	defer be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	found := false
-	name := be.Filename(h)
-	obj := be.bucket.Object(name)
-	info, err := obj.Attrs(ctx)
-	if err == nil && info != nil && info.Status == b2.Uploaded {
-		found = true
-	}
-	return found, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (be *b2Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	debug.Log("Remove %v", h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend.go b/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend.go
index 31012df43..37569c320 100644
--- a/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend.go
+++ b/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend.go
@@ -86,7 +86,3 @@ func (be *Backend) Load(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle, length int, offset
 func (be *Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo, error) {
 	return be.b.Stat(ctx, h)
 }
-
-func (be *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	return be.b.Test(ctx, h)
-}
diff --git a/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend_test.go b/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend_test.go
index 001798e2a..6b8f74e0f 100644
--- a/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/dryrun/dry_backend_test.go
@@ -41,12 +41,9 @@ func TestDry(t *testing.T) {
 		{d, "stat", "a", "", "not found"},
 		{d, "list", "", "", ""},
 		{d, "save", "", "", "invalid"},
-		{d, "test", "a", "", ""},
 		{m, "save", "a", "baz", ""},  // save a directly to the mem backend
 		{d, "save", "b", "foob", ""}, // b is not saved
 		{d, "save", "b", "xxx", ""},  // no error as b is not saved
-		{d, "test", "a", "1", ""},
-		{d, "test", "b", "", ""},
 		{d, "stat", "", "", "invalid"},
 		{d, "stat", "a", "a 3", ""},
 		{d, "load", "a", "baz", ""},
@@ -65,17 +62,11 @@ func TestDry(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for i, step := range steps {
 		var err error
-		var boolRes bool
 
 		handle := restic.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: step.fname}
 		switch step.op {
 		case "save":
 			err = step.be.Save(ctx, handle, restic.NewByteReader([]byte(step.content), step.be.Hasher()))
-		case "test":
-			boolRes, err = step.be.Test(ctx, handle)
-			if boolRes != (step.content != "") {
-				t.Errorf("%d. Test(%q) = %v, want %v", i, step.fname, boolRes, step.content != "")
-			}
 		case "list":
 			fileList := []string{}
 			err = step.be.List(ctx, restic.PackFile, func(fi restic.FileInfo) error {
diff --git a/internal/backend/gs/gs.go b/internal/backend/gs/gs.go
index f4e4a350b..2695d3ac6 100644
--- a/internal/backend/gs/gs.go
+++ b/internal/backend/gs/gs.go
@@ -329,22 +329,6 @@ func (be *Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bi restic.FileInf
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: attr.Size, Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (be *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	found := false
-	objName := be.Filename(h)
-
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	_, err := be.bucket.Object(objName).Attrs(ctx)
-	be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	if err == nil {
-		found = true
-	}
-	// If error, then not found
-	return found, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (be *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	objName := be.Filename(h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/gs/gs_test.go b/internal/backend/gs/gs_test.go
index d7bf1422c..77f8986f1 100644
--- a/internal/backend/gs/gs_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/gs/gs_test.go
@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ func newGSTestSuite(t testing.TB) *test.Suite {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			exists, err := be.Test(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-			if err != nil {
+			_, err = be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+			if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if exists {
+			if err == nil {
 				return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 			}
 
diff --git a/internal/backend/local/local.go b/internal/backend/local/local.go
index b919fdefb..1716e0f07 100644
--- a/internal/backend/local/local.go
+++ b/internal/backend/local/local.go
@@ -269,24 +269,6 @@ func (b *Local) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo, err
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: fi.Size(), Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (b *Local) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	debug.Log("Test %v", h)
-
-	b.sem.GetToken()
-	defer b.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	_, err := fs.Stat(b.Filename(h))
-	if err != nil {
-		if b.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return false, errors.WithStack(err)
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (b *Local) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	debug.Log("Remove %v", h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend.go b/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend.go
index 5af533c20..0c46dcd6e 100644
--- a/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend.go
+++ b/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend.go
@@ -52,23 +52,6 @@ func New() *MemoryBackend {
 	return be
 }
 
-// Test returns whether a file exists.
-func (be *MemoryBackend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	defer be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	be.m.Lock()
-	defer be.m.Unlock()
-
-	debug.Log("Test %v", h)
-
-	if _, ok := be.data[h]; ok {
-		return true, ctx.Err()
-	}
-
-	return false, ctx.Err()
-}
-
 // IsNotExist returns true if the file does not exist.
 func (be *MemoryBackend) IsNotExist(err error) bool {
 	return errors.Is(err, errNotFound)
diff --git a/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend_test.go b/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend_test.go
index 15e66ac83..819c6a2b6 100644
--- a/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/mem/mem_backend_test.go
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ func newTestSuite() *test.Suite {
 		Create: func(cfg interface{}) (restic.Backend, error) {
 			c := cfg.(*memConfig)
 			if c.be != nil {
-				ok, err := c.be.Test(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-				if err != nil {
+				_, err := c.be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+				if err != nil && !c.be.IsNotExist(err) {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 
-				if ok {
+				if err == nil {
 					return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/internal/backend/mock/backend.go b/internal/backend/mock/backend.go
index 655499b15..875e55e71 100644
--- a/internal/backend/mock/backend.go
+++ b/internal/backend/mock/backend.go
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ type Backend struct {
 	StatFn             func(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo, error)
 	ListFn             func(ctx context.Context, t restic.FileType, fn func(restic.FileInfo) error) error
 	RemoveFn           func(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error
-	TestFn             func(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error)
 	DeleteFn           func(ctx context.Context) error
 	ConnectionsFn      func() uint
 	LocationFn         func() string
@@ -143,15 +142,6 @@ func (m *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	return m.RemoveFn(ctx, h)
 }
 
-// Test for the existence of a specific item.
-func (m *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	if m.TestFn == nil {
-		return false, errors.New("not implemented")
-	}
-
-	return m.TestFn(ctx, h)
-}
-
 // Delete all data.
 func (m *Backend) Delete(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if m.DeleteFn == nil {
diff --git a/internal/backend/rest/rest.go b/internal/backend/rest/rest.go
index af6e8091f..f4c2897b9 100644
--- a/internal/backend/rest/rest.go
+++ b/internal/backend/rest/rest.go
@@ -308,16 +308,6 @@ func (b *Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo, e
 	return bi, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (b *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	_, err := b.Stat(ctx, h)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (b *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	if err := h.Valid(); err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry.go b/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry.go
index 334fe4216..e1e912981 100644
--- a/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry.go
+++ b/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry.go
@@ -151,17 +151,6 @@ func (be *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (err error) {
 	})
 }
 
-// Test a boolean value whether a File with the name and type exists.
-func (be *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (exists bool, err error) {
-	err = be.retry(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("Test(%v)", h), func() error {
-		var innerError error
-		exists, innerError = be.Backend.Test(ctx, h)
-
-		return innerError
-	})
-	return exists, err
-}
-
 // List runs fn for each file in the backend which has the type t. When an
 // error is returned by the underlying backend, the request is retried. When fn
 // returns an error, the operation is aborted and the error is returned to the
diff --git a/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry_test.go b/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry_test.go
index 071bcda59..f5ff47004 100644
--- a/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/retry/backend_retry_test.go
@@ -289,9 +289,7 @@ func TestBackendCanceledContext(t *testing.T) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	cancel()
 
-	_, err := retryBackend.Test(ctx, h)
-	assertIsCanceled(t, err)
-	_, err = retryBackend.Stat(ctx, h)
+	_, err := retryBackend.Stat(ctx, h)
 	assertIsCanceled(t, err)
 
 	err = retryBackend.Save(ctx, h, restic.NewByteReader([]byte{}, nil))
diff --git a/internal/backend/s3/s3.go b/internal/backend/s3/s3.go
index 4ecdad27d..c413b9cee 100644
--- a/internal/backend/s3/s3.go
+++ b/internal/backend/s3/s3.go
@@ -392,23 +392,6 @@ func (be *Backend) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bi restic.FileInf
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: fi.Size, Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (be *Backend) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	found := false
-	objName := be.Filename(h)
-
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	_, err := be.client.StatObject(ctx, be.cfg.Bucket, objName, minio.StatObjectOptions{})
-	be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	if err == nil {
-		found = true
-	}
-
-	// If error, then not found
-	return found, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (be *Backend) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	objName := be.Filename(h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/s3/s3_test.go b/internal/backend/s3/s3_test.go
index 46d96fcbd..65313f8d4 100644
--- a/internal/backend/s3/s3_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/s3/s3_test.go
@@ -155,12 +155,12 @@ func newMinioTestSuite(ctx context.Context, t testing.TB) *test.Suite {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			exists, err := be.Test(ctx, restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-			if err != nil {
+			_, err = be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+			if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if exists {
+			if err == nil {
 				return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 			}
 
@@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ func newS3TestSuite(t testing.TB) *test.Suite {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			exists, err := be.Test(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-			if err != nil {
+			_, err = be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+			if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if exists {
+			if err == nil {
 				return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 			}
 
diff --git a/internal/backend/sftp/sftp.go b/internal/backend/sftp/sftp.go
index 417b6681a..108d47463 100644
--- a/internal/backend/sftp/sftp.go
+++ b/internal/backend/sftp/sftp.go
@@ -495,28 +495,6 @@ func (r *SFTP) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (restic.FileInfo, erro
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: fi.Size(), Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (r *SFTP) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	debug.Log("Test(%v)", h)
-	if err := r.clientError(); err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	r.sem.GetToken()
-	defer r.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	_, err := r.c.Lstat(r.Filename(h))
-	if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "Lstat")
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
 // Remove removes the content stored at name.
 func (r *SFTP) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	debug.Log("Remove(%v)", h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/swift/swift.go b/internal/backend/swift/swift.go
index f97724ee4..764c7bb62 100644
--- a/internal/backend/swift/swift.go
+++ b/internal/backend/swift/swift.go
@@ -226,25 +226,6 @@ func (be *beSwift) Stat(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bi restic.FileInf
 	return restic.FileInfo{Size: obj.Bytes, Name: h.Name}, nil
 }
 
-// Test returns true if a blob of the given type and name exists in the backend.
-func (be *beSwift) Test(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
-	objName := be.Filename(h)
-
-	be.sem.GetToken()
-	defer be.sem.ReleaseToken()
-
-	switch _, _, err := be.conn.Object(ctx, be.container, objName); err {
-	case nil:
-		return true, nil
-
-	case swift.ObjectNotFound:
-		return false, nil
-
-	default:
-		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "conn.Object")
-	}
-}
-
 // Remove removes the blob with the given name and type.
 func (be *beSwift) Remove(ctx context.Context, h restic.Handle) error {
 	objName := be.Filename(h)
diff --git a/internal/backend/swift/swift_test.go b/internal/backend/swift/swift_test.go
index 459ab76a5..0912e4f7e 100644
--- a/internal/backend/swift/swift_test.go
+++ b/internal/backend/swift/swift_test.go
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ func newSwiftTestSuite(t testing.TB) *test.Suite {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			exists, err := be.Test(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-			if err != nil {
+			_, err = be.Stat(context.TODO(), restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+			if err != nil && !be.IsNotExist(err) {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 
-			if exists {
+			if err == nil {
 				return nil, errors.New("config already exists")
 			}
 
diff --git a/internal/backend/test/tests.go b/internal/backend/test/tests.go
index 9beba8cef..90fd9465a 100644
--- a/internal/backend/test/tests.go
+++ b/internal/backend/test/tests.go
@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ func seedRand(t testing.TB) {
 	t.Logf("rand initialized with seed %d", seed)
 }
 
+func beTest(ctx context.Context, be restic.Backend, h restic.Handle) (bool, error) {
+	_, err := be.Stat(ctx, h)
+	if err != nil && be.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return err == nil, err
+}
+
 // TestCreateWithConfig tests that creating a backend in a location which already
 // has a config file fails.
 func (s *Suite) TestCreateWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
@@ -35,7 +44,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestCreateWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// remove a config if present
 	cfgHandle := restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile}
-	cfgPresent, err := b.Test(context.TODO(), cfgHandle)
+	cfgPresent, err := beTest(context.TODO(), b, cfgHandle)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unable to test for config: %+v", err)
 	}
@@ -642,7 +651,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestSaveWrongHash(t *testing.T) {
 	// test that upload with hash mismatch fails
 	h := restic.Handle{Type: restic.PackFile, Name: id.String()}
 	err := b.Save(context.TODO(), h, &wrongByteReader{ByteReader: *restic.NewByteReader(data, b.Hasher())})
-	exists, err2 := b.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+	exists, err2 := beTest(context.TODO(), b, h)
 	if err2 != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err2)
 	}
@@ -702,7 +711,7 @@ func (s *Suite) delayedRemove(t testing.TB, be restic.Backend, handles ...restic
 		var found bool
 		var err error
 		for time.Since(start) <= s.WaitForDelayedRemoval {
-			found, err = be.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+			found, err = beTest(context.TODO(), be, h)
 			if s.ErrorHandler != nil {
 				err = s.ErrorHandler(t, be, err)
 			}
@@ -764,7 +773,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBackend(t *testing.T) {
 
 			// test if blob is already in repository
 			h := restic.Handle{Type: tpe, Name: id.String()}
-			ret, err := b.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+			ret, err := beTest(context.TODO(), b, h)
 			test.OK(t, err)
 			test.Assert(t, !ret, "blob was found to exist before creating")
 
@@ -777,7 +786,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBackend(t *testing.T) {
 			test.Assert(t, err != nil, "blob could be read before creation")
 
 			// try to get string out, should fail
-			ret, err = b.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+			ret, err = beTest(context.TODO(), b, h)
 			test.OK(t, err)
 			test.Assert(t, !ret, "id %q was found (but should not have)", ts.id)
 		}
@@ -818,7 +827,7 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBackend(t *testing.T) {
 		test.OK(t, err)
 
 		// test that the blob is gone
-		ok, err := b.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+		ok, err := beTest(context.TODO(), b, h)
 		test.OK(t, err)
 		test.Assert(t, !ok, "removed blob still present")
 
@@ -854,9 +863,9 @@ func (s *Suite) TestBackend(t *testing.T) {
 
 			h := restic.Handle{Type: tpe, Name: id.String()}
 
-			found, err := b.Test(context.TODO(), h)
+			found, err := beTest(context.TODO(), b, h)
 			test.OK(t, err)
-			test.Assert(t, found, fmt.Sprintf("id %q not found", id))
+			test.Assert(t, found, fmt.Sprintf("id %v/%q not found", tpe, id))
 
 			handles = append(handles, h)
 		}
diff --git a/internal/repository/repository.go b/internal/repository/repository.go
index c7ce46bdb..a8d885a01 100644
--- a/internal/repository/repository.go
+++ b/internal/repository/repository.go
@@ -738,11 +738,11 @@ func (r *Repository) Init(ctx context.Context, version uint, password string, ch
 		return fmt.Errorf("repository version %v too low", version)
 	}
 
-	has, err := r.be.Test(ctx, restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
-	if err != nil {
+	_, err := r.be.Stat(ctx, restic.Handle{Type: restic.ConfigFile})
+	if err != nil && !r.be.IsNotExist(err) {
 		return err
 	}
-	if has {
+	if err == nil {
 		return errors.New("repository master key and config already initialized")
 	}
 
diff --git a/internal/restic/backend.go b/internal/restic/backend.go
index d8b280a3a..bc139fc8b 100644
--- a/internal/restic/backend.go
+++ b/internal/restic/backend.go
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@ type Backend interface {
 	// HasAtomicReplace returns whether Save() can atomically replace files
 	HasAtomicReplace() bool
 
-	// Test a boolean value whether a File with the name and type exists.
-	Test(ctx context.Context, h Handle) (bool, error)
-
 	// Remove removes a File described  by h.
 	Remove(ctx context.Context, h Handle) error
 
diff --git a/internal/restic/lock_test.go b/internal/restic/lock_test.go
index 577e204aa..322f53fd0 100644
--- a/internal/restic/lock_test.go
+++ b/internal/restic/lock_test.go
@@ -193,10 +193,11 @@ func TestLockStale(t *testing.T) {
 
 func lockExists(repo restic.Repository, t testing.TB, id restic.ID) bool {
 	h := restic.Handle{Type: restic.LockFile, Name: id.String()}
-	exists, err := repo.Backend().Test(context.TODO(), h)
-	rtest.OK(t, err)
-
-	return exists
+	_, err := repo.Backend().Stat(context.TODO(), h)
+	if err != nil && !repo.Backend().IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return err == nil
 }
 
 func TestLockWithStaleLock(t *testing.T) {