2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
.TH S3FS "1" "February 2011" "S3FS" "User Commands"
.SH NAME
S3FS \- FUSE-based file system backed by Amazon S3
.SH SYNOPSIS
.SS mounting
.TP
2013-05-09 04:25:18 +00:00
\fB s3fs bucket[:/path] mountpoint \fP [options]
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
.SS unmounting
.TP
\fB umount mountpoint
.SH DESCRIPTION
s3fs is a FUSE filesystem that allows you to mount an Amazon S3 bucket as a local filesystem. It stores files natively and transparently in S3 (i.e., you can use other programs to access the same files).
.SH AUTHENTICATION
The s3fs password file has this format (use this format if you have only one set of credentials):
.RS 4
\fB accessKeyId\fP :\fB secretAccessKey\fP
.RE
If you have more than one set of credentials, this syntax is also recognized:
.RS 4
\fB bucketName\fP :\fB accessKeyId\fP :\fB secretAccessKey\fP
.RE
.PP
Password files can be stored in two locations:
.RS 4
2013-05-08 07:51:22 +00:00
\fB /etc/passwd-s3fs\fP [0640]
\fB $HOME/.passwd-s3fs\fP [0600]
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
.RE
.SH OPTIONS
.SS "general options"
.TP
\fB \- h\fR \fB \- \- help\fR
print help
.TP
\fB \ \fR \fB \- \- version\fR
print version
.TP
\fB \- f\fR
FUSE foreground option - do not run as daemon.
.TP
\fB \- s\fR
FUSE singlethreaded option (disables multi-threaded operation)
.SS "mount options"
.TP
All s3fs options must given in the form where "opt" is:
<option_name>=<option_value>
.TP
\fB \- o\fR default_acl (default="private")
the default canned acl to apply to all written S3 objects, e.g., "public-read".
Any created files will have this canned acl.
Any updated files will also have this canned acl applied!
.TP
\fB \- o\fR prefix (default="") (coming soon!)
a prefix to append to all S3 objects.
.TP
\fB \- o\fR retries (default="2")
number of times to retry a failed S3 transaction.
.TP
\fB \- o\fR use_cache (default="" which means disabled)
local folder to use for local file cache.
.TP
\fB \- o\fR use_rrs (default="" which means disabled)
use Amazon's Reduced Redundancy Storage.
.TP
2013-06-04 06:04:04 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR use_sse (default="" which means disabled)
use Amazon's Server Site Encryption.
.TP
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR passwd_file (default="")
specify the path to the password file, which which takes precedence over the password in $HOME/.passwd-s3fs and /etc/passwd-s3fs
.TP
\fB \- o\fR public_bucket (default="" which means disabled)
anonymously mount a public bucket when set to 1, ignores the $HOME/.passwd-s3fs and /etc/passwd-s3fs files.
.TP
\fB \- o\fR connect_timeout (default="10" seconds)
time to wait for connection before giving up.
.TP
2011-02-12 16:48:23 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR readwrite_timeout (default="30" seconds)
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
time to wait between read/write activity before giving up.
.TP
2011-02-12 16:48:23 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR max_stat_cache_size (default="10000" entries (about 4MB))
maximum number of entries in the stat cache
.TP
Summary of Changes(1.62 -> 1.63)
1) Lifetime for the stats cache
Added the new option "stat_cache_expire".
This option which is specified by seconds means the lifetime for each stats cache entry.
If this option is not specified, the stats cache is kept in s3fs process until the stats cache grown to maximum size. (default)
If this option is specified, the stats cache entry is out from the memory when the entry expires time.
2) Enable file permission
s3fs before 1.62 did not consider the file access permission.
s3fs after this version can consider it.
For access permission, the s3fs_getattr() function was divided into sub function which can check the file access permission.
It is like access() function.
And the function calling the s3fs_getattr() calls this new sub function instead of s3fs_getattr().
Last the s3fs_opendir() function which is called by FUSE was added for checking directory access permission when listing the files in directory.
3) UID/GUID
When a file or a directory was created, the s3fs could not set the UID/GID as the user who executed a command.
(Almost the UID/GID are root, because the s3fs run by root.)
After this version, the s3fs set correct UID/GID as the user who executes the commond.
4) About the mtime
If the object does not have "x-amz-meta-mtime" meta, the s3fs uses the "Last-Modified" header instead of it.
But the s3fs had a bug in this code, and this version fixed this bug.
When user modified the file, the s3fs did not update the mtime of the file.
This version fixed this bug.
In the get_local_fd() function, the local file's mtime was changed only when s3fs run with "use_cache" option.
This version always updates the mtime whether the local cache file is used or not.
And s3fs_flush ( ) function set the mtime of local cache file from S3 object mtime, but it was wrong .
This version is that the s3fs_flush ( ) changes the mtime of S3 object from the local cache file or the tmpfile .
The s3fs cuts some requests, because the s3fs can always check mtime whether the s3fs uses or does not use the local cache file.
5) A case of no "x-amz-meta-mode"
If the object did not have "x-amz-meta-mtime" mete, the s3fs recognized the file as not regular file.
After this version, the s3fs recognizes the file as regular file.
6) "." and ".." directory
The s3fs_readdir() did not return "X" and "XX" directory name.
After this version, the s3fs is changed that it returns "X" and "XX".
Example, the result of "ls" lists "X" and "XX" directory.
7) Fixed a bug
The insert_object() had a bug, and it is fixed.
git-svn-id: http://s3fs.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@390 df820570-a93a-0410-bd06-b72b767a4274
2013-02-24 08:58:54 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR stat_cache_expire (default is no expire)
specify expire time(seconds) for entries in the stat cache
.TP
2013-05-08 07:51:22 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR enable_noobj_cache (default is disable)
enable cache entries for the object which does not exist.
s3fs always has to check whether file(or sub directory) exists under object(path) when s3fs does some command, since s3fs has recognized a directory which does not exist and has files or sub directories under itself.
It increases ListBucket request and makes performance bad.
You can specify this option for performance, s3fs memorizes in stat cache that the object(file or directory) does not exist.
.TP
2013-05-22 08:49:23 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR nodnscache - disable dns cache.
s3fs is always using dns cache, this option make dns cache disable.
.TP
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR url (default="http://s3.amazonaws.com")
sets the url to use to access Amazon S3. If you want to use HTTPS, then you can set url=https://s3.amazonaws.com
2011-06-27 02:21:38 +00:00
.TP
\fB \- o\fR nomultipart - disable multipart uploads
2013-01-19 16:05:07 +00:00
.TP
2013-05-16 02:02:55 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR enable_content_md5 ( default is disable )
verifying uploaded data without multipart by content-md5 header.
Enable to send "Content-MD5" header when uploading a object without multipart posting.
If this option is enabled, it has some influences on a performance of s3fs when uploading small object.
Because s3fs always checks MD5 when uploading large object, this option does not affect on large object.
.TP
2013-01-19 16:05:07 +00:00
\fB \- o\fR noxmlns - disable registing xml name space.
disable registing xml name space for response of ListBucketResult and ListVersionsResult etc. Default name space is looked up from "http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01".
2013-04-06 17:39:22 +00:00
This option should not be specified now, because s3fs looks up xmlns automatically after v1.66.
2013-01-19 16:05:07 +00:00
.TP
\fB \- o\fR nocopyapi - for other incomplete compatibility object storage.
For a distributed object storage which is compatibility S3 API without PUT(copy api).
If you set this option, s3fs do not use PUT with "x-amz-copy-source"(copy api). Because traffic is increased 2-3 times by this option, we do not recommend this.
Summary of Changes(1.63 -> 1.64)
* This new version was made for fixing big issue about directory object.
Please be careful and review new s3fs.
==========================
List of Changes
==========================
1) Fixed bugs
Fixed some memory leak and un-freed curl handle.
Fixed codes with a bug which is not found yet.
Fixed a bug that the s3fs could not update object's mtime when the s3fs had a opened file descriptor.
Please let us know a bug, when you find new bug of a memory leak.
2) Changed codes
Changed codes of s3fs_readdir() and list_bucket() etc.
Changed codes so that the get_realpath() function returned std::string.
Changed codes about exit() function. Because the exit() function is called from many fuse callback function directly, these function called fuse_exit() function and retuned with error.
Changed codes so that the case of the characters for the "x-amz-meta" response header is ignored.
3) Added a option
Added the norenameapi option for the storage compatible with S3 without copy API.
This option is subset of nocopyapi option.
Please read man page or call with --help option.
4) Object for directory
This is very big and important change.
The object of directory is changed "dir/" instead of "dir" for being compatible with other S3 client applications.
And this version understands the object of directory which is made by old version.
If the new s3fs changes the attributes or owner/group or mtime of the directory object, the s3fs automatically changes the object from old object name("dir") to new("dir/").
If you need to change old object name("dir") to new("dir/") manually, you can use shell script(mergedir.sh) in test directory.
* About the directory object name
AWS S3 allows the object name as both "dir" and "dir/".
The s3fs before this version understood only "dir" as directory object name, but old version did not understand the "dir/" object name.
The new version understands both of "dir" and "dir/" object name.
The s3fs user needs to be care for the special situation that I mentioned later.
The new version deletes old "dir" object and makes new "dir/" object, when the user operates the directory object for changing the permission or owner/group or mtime.
This operation does on background and automatically.
If you need to merge manually, you can use shell script which is mergedir.sh in test directory.
This script runs chmod/chown/touch commands after finding a directory.
Other S3 client application makes a directory object("dir/") without meta information which is needed to understand by the s3fs, this script can add meta information for a directory object.
If this script function is insufficient for you, you can read and modify the codes by yourself.
Please use the shell script carefully because of changing the object.
If you find a bug in this script, please let me know.
* Details
** The directory object made by old version
The directory object made by old version is not understood by other S3 client application.
New s3fs version was updated for keeping compatibility with other clients.
You can use the mergedir.sh in test directory for merging from old directory object("dir") to new("dir/").
The directory object name is changed from "dir" to "dir/" after the mergedir.sh is run, this changed "dir/" object is understood by other S3 clients.
This script runs chmod/chown/chgrp/touch/etc commands against the old directory object("dir"), then new s3fs merges that directory automatically.
If you need to change directory object from old to new manually, you can do it by running these commands which change the directory attributes(mode/owner/group/mtime).
** The directory object made by new version
The directory object name made by new version is "dir/".
Because the name includes "/", other S3 client applications understand it as the directory.
I tested new directory by s3cmd/tntDrive/DragonDisk/Gladinet as other S3 clients, the result was good compatibility.
You need to know that the compatibility has small problem by the difference in specifications between clients.
And you need to be careful about that the old s3fs can not understand the directory object which made by new s3fs.
You should change all s3fs which accesses same bucket.
** The directory object made by other S3 client application
Because the object is determined as a directory by the s3fs, the s3fs makes and uses special meta information which is "x-amz-meta-***" and "Content-Type" as HTTP header.
The s3fs sets and uses HTTP headers for the directory object, those headers are listed below.
Content-Type: application/x-directory
x-amz-meta-mode: <mode>
x-amz-meta-uid: <UID>
x-amz-meta-gid <GID>
x-amz-meta-mtime: <unix time of modified file>
Other S3 client application builds the directory object without attributes which is needed by the s3fs.
When the "ls" command is run on the s3fs-fuse file system which has directories/files made by other S3 clients, this result is shown below.
d--------- 1 root root 0 Feb 27 11:21 dir
---------- 1 root root 1024 Mar 14 02:15 file
Because the objects don't have meta information("x-amz-meta-mode"), it means mode=0000.
In this case, the directory object is shown only "d", because the s3fs determines the object as a directory when the object is the name with "/" or has "Content-type: application/x-directory" header.
(The s3fs sets "Content-Type: application/x-directory" to the directory object, but other S3 clients set "binary/octet-stream".)
In that result, nobody without root is allowed to operate the object.
The owner and group are "root"(UID=0) because the object doesn't have "x-amz-meta-uid/gid".
If the object doesn't have "x-amz-meta-mtime", the s3fs uses "Last-Modified" HTTP header.
Therefore the object's mtime is "Last-Modified" value.(This logic is same as old version)
It has been already explained, if you need to change the object attributes, you can do it by manually operation or mergedir.sh.
* Example of the compatibility with s3cmd etc
** Case A) Only "dir/file" object
One of case, there is only "dir/file" object without "dir/" object, that object is made by s3cmd or etc.
In this case, the response of REST API(list bucket) with "delimiter=/" parameter has "CommonPrefixes", and the "dir/" is listed in "CommonPrefixes/Prefix", but the "dir/" object is not real object.
The s3fs needs to determine this object as directory, however there is no real directory object("dir" or "dir/").
But both new s3fs and old one does NOT understand this "dir/" in "CommonPrefixes", because the s3fs fails to get meta information from "dir" or "dir/".
On this case, the result of "ls" command is shown below.
??????????? ? ? ? ? ? dir
This "dir" is not operated by anyone and any process, because the s3fs does not understand this object permission.
And "dir/file" object can not be shown and operated too.
Some other S3 clients(tntDrive/Gladinet/etc) can not understand this object as same as the s3fs.
If you need to operate "dir/file" object, you need to make the "dir/" object as a directory.
To make the "dir/" directory object, you need to do below.
Because there is already the "dir" object which is not real object, you can not make "dir/" directory.
(s3cmd does not make "dir/" object because the object name has "/".).
You should make another name directory(ex: "dir2/"), and move the "dir/file" objects to in new directory.
Last, you can rename the directory name from "dir2/" to "dir/".
** Case B) Both "dir" and "dir/file" object
This case is that there are "dir" and "dir/file" objects which were made by s3cmd/etc.
s3cmd and s3fs understand the "dir" object as normal(file) object because this object does not have meta information and a name with "/".
But the result of REST API(list bucket) has "dir/" name in "CommonPrefixes/Prefix".
The s3fs checks "dir/" and "dir" as a directory, but the "dir" object is not directory object.
(Because the new s3fs need to compatible old version, the s3fs checks a directory object in order of "dir/", "dir")
In this case, the result of "ls" command is shown below.
---------- 1 root root 0 Feb 27 02:48 dir
As a result, the "dir/file" can not be shown and operated because the "dir" object is a file.
If you determine the "dir" as a directory, you need to add mete information to the "dir" object by s3cmd.
** Case C) Both "dir" and "dir/" object
Last case is that there are "dir" and "dir/" objects which were made by other S3 clients.
(example: At first you upload a object "dir/" as a directory by new 3sfs, and you upload a object "dir" by s3cmd.)
New s3fs determines "dir/" as a directory, because the s3fs searches in oder of "dir/", "dir".
As a result, the "dir" object can not be shown and operated.
** Compatibility between S3 clients
Both new and old s3fs do not understand both "dir" and "dir/" at the same time, tntDrive and Galdinet are same as the s3fs.
If there are "dir/" and "dir" objects, the s3fs gives priority to "dir/".
But s3cmd and DragonDisk understand both objects.
git-svn-id: http://s3fs.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@392 df820570-a93a-0410-bd06-b72b767a4274
2013-03-23 14:04:07 +00:00
.TP
\fB \- o\fR norenameapi - for other incomplete compatibility object storage.
For a distributed object storage which is compatibility S3 API without PUT(copy api).
This option is a subset of nocopyapi option. The nocopyapi option does not use copy-api for all command(ex. chmod, chown, touch, mv, etc), but this option does not use copy-api for only rename command(ex. mv).
If this option is specified with nocopapi, the s3fs ignores it.
2011-02-11 20:57:44 +00:00
.SH FUSE/MOUNT OPTIONS
.TP
Most of the generic mount options described in 'man mount' are supported (ro, rw, suid, nosuid, dev, nodev, exec, noexec, atime, noatime, sync async, dirsync). Filesystems are mounted with '-onodev,nosuid' by default, which can only be overridden by a privileged user.
.TP
There are many FUSE specific mount options that can be specified. e.g. allow_other. See the FUSE README for the full set.
.SH NOTES
.TP
Maximum file size=64GB (limited by s3fs, not Amazon).
.TP
If enabled via the "use_cache" option, s3fs automatically maintains a local cache of files in the folder specified by use_cache. Whenever s3fs needs to read or write a file on S3, it first downloads the entire file locally to the folder specified by use_cache and operates on it. When fuse_release() is called, s3fs will re-upload the file to S3 if it has been changed. s3fs uses md5 checksums to minimize downloads from S3.
.TP
The folder specified by use_cache is just a local cache. It can be deleted at any time. s3fs rebuilds it on demand.
.TP
Local file caching works by calculating and comparing md5 checksums (ETag HTTP header).
.TP
s3fs leverages /etc/mime.types to "guess" the "correct" content-type based on file name extension. This means that you can copy a website to S3 and serve it up directly from S3 with correct content-types!
.SH BUGS
Due to S3's "eventual consistency" limitations, file creation can and will occasionally fail. Even after a successful create, subsequent reads can fail for an indeterminate time, even after one or more successful reads. Create and read enough files and you will eventually encounter this failure. This is not a flaw in s3fs and it is not something a FUSE wrapper like s3fs can work around. The retries option does not address this issue. Your application must either tolerate or compensate for these failures, for example by retrying creates or reads.
.SH AUTHOR
s3fs has been written by Randy Rizun <rrizun@gmail.com>.
