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@ -224,10 +224,10 @@ Written by Drew (@topkecleon) and Kay M (@gnadelwartz).
<p>Linted by <a href="https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck">#ShellCheck</a></p>
<h2>Prerequisites</h2>
<p>Uses <a href="http://github.com/dominictarr/JSON.sh">JSON.sh</a> and the magic of sed.</p>
<p>Even bashbot is written in bash, it depends on commands typically available in a Unix/Linux Environment. More concrete on the common commands provided by recent versions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands">coreutils</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Commands">busybox</a> or <a href="https://landley.net/toybox/help.html">toybox</a>, see <a href="doc/7_develop.md#common-commands">Developer Notes</a></p>
<p><strong>Note for MacOS and BSD Users:</strong> As bashbot heavily uses modern bash and (gnu) grep/sed features, bashbot will not run without installing additional software, see <a href="doc/0_install.md">Install Bashbot</a></p>
<p><strong>Note for embedded systems:</strong> busybox or toybox ONLY is not sufficient, you need a to install a "real" bash, see also <a href="doc/0_install.md">Install Bashbot</a></p>
<p>Bashbot <a href="https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash">Documentation</a> and <a href="https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash/releases">Downloads</a> are available on www.github.com</p>
<p>Bashbot is written in bash. It depends on commands typically available in a Linux/Unix Environment. For more concrete information on the common commands provided by recent versions of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands">coreutils</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Commands">busybox</a> or <a href="https://landley.net/toybox/help.html">toybox</a>, see <a href="doc/7_develop.md#common-commands">Developer Notes</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Note for MacOS and BSD Users:</strong> Bashbot will not run without installing additional software as it uses modern bash and (gnu) grep/sed features. See <a href="doc/0_install.md">Install Bashbot</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Note for embedded systems:</strong> You need to install a "real" bash as the vanilla installation of busybox or toybox is not sufficient. See <a href="doc/0_install.md">Install Bashbot</a>.</p>
<p>Bashbot <a href="https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash">Documentation</a> and <a href="https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash/releases">Downloads</a> are available on <a href="https://www.github.com">www.github.com</a>.</p>
<h2>Documentation</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://core.telegram.org/bots">Introduction to Telegram Bots</a></li>
@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ Written by Drew (@topkecleon) and Kay M (@gnadelwartz).
<li>Setup your environment</li>
<li>Bashbot test suite</li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="examples/README.md">Examples Dir</a></li>
<li><a href="examples/README.md">Examples Directory</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Your really first bashbot in a nutshell</h3>
<p>To install and run bashbot you need access to a linux/unix command line with bash, a <a href="https://telegram.org">Telegram client</a> and a mobile phone <a href="https://telegramguide.com/create-a-telegram-account/">with a Telegram account</a>.</p>
<h3>Your very first bashbot in a nutshell</h3>
<p>To install and run bashbot you need access to a Linux/Unix command line with bash, a <a href="https://telegram.org">Telegram client</a> and a mobile phone <a href="https://telegramguide.com/create-a-telegram-account/">with a Telegram account</a>.</p>
<p>First you need to <a href="doc/1_firstbot.md">create a new Telegram Bot token</a> for your bot and write it down.</p>
<p>Now open a linux/unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it and install telegram-bot-bash:</p>
<p>Now open a Linux/Unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it and install telegram-bot-bash:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co"># create bot dir</span></span>
<span id="cb1-2"><a href="#cb1-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">mkdir</span> mybot</span>
<span id="cb1-3"><a href="#cb1-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">cd</span> mybot</span>
@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Written by Drew (@topkecleon) and Kay M (@gnadelwartz).
<span id="cb1-20"><a href="#cb1-20" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">Bot</span> Name: yourbotname_bot</span>
<span id="cb1-21"><a href="#cb1-21" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">Session</span> Name: yourbotname_bot-startbot</span>
<span id="cb1-22"><a href="#cb1-22" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">Bot</span> started successfully.</span></code></pre></div>
<p>Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chatting with your bot (<em>your bot's username is shown after 'Bot Name:'</em>):</p>
<p>Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chat with your bot (<em>your bot's username is shown after 'Bot Name:'</em>):</p>
<pre><code>/start
You are Botadmin
@ -325,56 +325,56 @@ You are Botadmin
This is bashbot, the Telegram bot written entirely in bash.
It features background tasks and interactive chats, and can serve as an interface for CLI programs.</code></pre>
<p>For more Information on how to install, customize and use your new bot, read the <a href="#Documentation">Documentation</a></p>
<p>For more Information on how to install, customize and use your new bot, read the <a href="#Documentation">Documentation</a>.</p>
<h3>Log files</h3>
<p>Bashbot actions are logged to <code>BASHBOT.log</code>, Telegram send/receive errors are logged to <code>ERROR.log</code>. Start bashbot in debug mode to get all messages send to / received from Telegram and error messages of bash commands also.</p>
<p>To enable debug mode start bashbot with debug as third argument: <code>bashbot start debug</code></p>
<p>Bashbot actions are logged to <code>BASHBOT.log</code>. Telegram send/receive errors are logged to <code>ERROR.log</code>. Start bashbot in debug mode to see all messages sent to / received from Telegram, as well as bash command error messages.</p>
<p>To enable debug mode, start bashbot with debug as third argument: <code>bashbot start debug</code></p>
<pre><code>├── logs
│   ├── BASHBOT.log # log what your bot is doing ...
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to telegram API
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to Telegram API
│   │
│   ├── DEBUG.log # stdout/stderr of you bot (debug mode enabled)
│   └── MESSAGE.log # full text of all message send/received (debug mode enabled)</code></pre>
<hr />
<h2>Security Considerations</h2>
<p>Running a Telegram Bot means it is connected to the public and you never know what's send to your Bot.</p>
<p>Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bullet proof, so consider this Bot as a proof of concept. Bash programmers often struggle with 'quoting hell' and globbing, see <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/171346/security-implications-of-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells">Implications of wrong quoting</a></p>
<p>Whenever you are processing input from untrusted sources (messages, files, network) you must be as careful as possible, e.g. set IFS appropriate, disable globbing (set -f) and quote everything. In addition remove unused scripts and examples from your Bot, e.g. everything in <code>example/</code> and disable/remove all not needed bot commands.</p>
<p>It's important to escape or remove <code>$</code> in input from user, files or network (<em>as bashbot does</em>) One of the powerful features of unix shells are variable and command substitution using <code>${}</code> and<code>$()</code>, this can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure (RID) bugs if unescaped <code>$</code> is included in untrusted input, e.g. <code>$$</code> or <code>$(rm -rf /*)</code></p>
<p>A powerful tool to improve your scripts is <code>shellcheck</code>. You can <a href="https://www.shellcheck.net/">use it online</a> or <a href="https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck#installing">install shellcheck locally</a>. Shellcheck is used extensively in bashbot development to ensure a high code quality, e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without passing all shellcheck tests. In addition bashbot has a <a href="doc/7_develop.md">test suite</a> to check if important functionality is working as expected.</p>
<p>Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bulletproof, so consider this Bot as a proof of concept. Bash programmers often struggle with 'quoting hell' and globbing, see <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/171346/security-implications-of-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells">Implications of wrong quoting</a>.</p>
<p>Whenever you are processing input from untrusted sources (messages, files, network) you must be as careful as possible (e.g. set IFS appropriately, disable globbing with <code>set -f</code> and quote everything). In addition remove unused scripts and examples from your Bot (e.g. everything in <code>example/</code>) and disable/remove all unused bot commands.</p>
<p>It's important to escape or remove <code>$</code> in input from user, files or network (<em>as bashbot does</em>). One of the powerful features of Unix shells is variable and command substitution using <code>${}</code> and<code>$()</code> can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure (RID) bugs if unescaped <code>$</code> is included in untrusted input (e.g. <code>$$</code> or <code>$(rm -rf /*)</code>).</p>
<p>A powerful tool to improve your scripts is <code>shellcheck</code>. You can <a href="https://www.shellcheck.net/">use it online</a> or <a href="https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck#installing">install shellcheck locally</a>. Shellcheck is used extensively in bashbot development to ensure a high code quality (e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without passing all shellcheck tests). In addition bashbot has a <a href="doc/7_develop.md">test suite</a> to check if important functionality is working as expected.</p>
<h3>Use printf whenever possible</h3>
<p>If you're writing a script and it is taking external input (from the user as arguments or file system...), you shouldn't use echo to display it. <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581">Use printf whenever possible</a></p>
<p>If you're writing a script that accepts external input (e.g. from the user as arguments or the file system), you shouldn't use echo to display it. <a href="https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581">Use printf whenever possible</a>.</p>
<h3>Run your Bot as a restricted user</h3>
<p><strong>I recommend to run your bot as a user, with almost no access rights.</strong> All files your Bot have write access to are in danger to be overwritten/deleted if your bot is hacked. For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger to be disclosed. Restrict your Bots access rights to the absolute minimum.</p>
<p><strong>Never run your Bot as root, this is the most dangerous you can do!</strong> Usually the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on unix/linux systems. See <a href="doc/4_expert.md">Expert use</a> on how to run your Bot as an other user.</p>
<p><strong>I recommend running your bot as a user with almost no access rights.</strong> All files your Bot has write access to are in danger of being overwritten/deleted if your bot is hacked. For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger of being disclosed. Restrict your Bots access rights to the absolute minimum.</p>
<p><strong>Never run your Bot as root, this is the most dangerous you can do!</strong> Usually the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on Linux/Unix systems. See <a href="doc/4_expert.md">Expert use</a> on how to run your Bot as an other user.</p>
<h3>Secure your Bot installation</h3>
<p><strong>Your Bot configuration must no be readable from other users.</strong> Everyone who can read your Bots token is able to act as your Bot and has access to all chats the Bot is in!</p>
<p><strong>Your Bot configuration must not be readable by other users.</strong> Everyone who can read your Bots token is able to act as your Bot and has access to all chats the Bot is in!</p>
<p>Everyone with read access to your Bot files can extract your Bots data. Especially your Bot config in<code>config.jssh</code> must be protected against other users. No one except you should have write access to the Bot files. The Bot should be restricted to have write access to<code>count.jssh</code> and <code>data-bot-bash</code> only, all other files must be write protected.</p>
<p>To set access rights for your bashbot installation to a reasonable default run<code>sudo ./bashbot.sh init</code> after every update or change to your installation directory.</p>
<h2>FAQ</h2>
<h3>Is this Bot insecure?</h3>
<p>Bashbot is not more (in)secure as any Bot written in an other language, we have done our best to make it as secure as possible. But YOU are responsible for the bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...</p>
<p>Bashbot is not more (in)secure than a Bot written in another language. We have done our best to make it as secure as possible. But YOU are responsible for the bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Up to version 0.941 (mai/22/2020) telegram-bot-bash had a remote code execution bug, please update if you use an older version!</p>
<h3>Why Bash and not the much better xyz?</h3>
<p>Well, that's a damn good question ... may be because I'm an unix admin from stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:</p>
<p>Well, that's a damn good question... maybe because I'm a Unix admin from the stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:</p>
<ul>
<li>bashbot will run everywhere where bash and (gnu) sed is available, from embedded linux to mainframe</li>
<li>easy to integrate with other shell script, e.g. for sending system message / health status</li>
<li>bashbot will run wherever bash and (gnu) sed is available, from embedded Linux to mainframe</li>
<li>easy to integrate with other shell scripts, e.g. for sending system message / health status</li>
<li>no need to install or learn a new programming language, library or framework</li>
<li>no database, not event driven, not object oriented ...</li>
</ul>
<h3>Can I have the single bashbot.sh file back?</h3>
<p>At the beginning bashbot was simply the file<code>bashbot.sh</code> you can copy everywhere and run the bot. Now we have 'commands.sh', 'mycommands.sh', 'modules/*.sh' and much more.</p>
<p>Hey no Problem, if you are finished with your cool bot run<code>dev/make-standalone.sh</code> to create a stripped down Version of your bot containing only 'bashbot.sh' and 'commands.sh'! For more information see <a href="doc/7_develop.md">Create a stripped down Version of your Bot</a></p>
<p>At the beginning bashbot was simply the file<code>bashbot.sh</code> that you could copy everywhere and run the bot. Now we have 'commands.sh', 'mycommands.sh', 'modules/*.sh' and much more.</p>
<p>Hey no problem, if you are finished with your cool bot, run<code>dev/make-standalone.sh</code> to create a stripped down version of your bot containing only 'bashbot.sh' and 'commands.sh'! For more information see <a href="doc/7_develop.md">Create a stripped down version of your Bot</a>.</p>
<h3>Can I send messages from CLI and scripts?</h3>
<p>Of course, you can send messages from command line and scripts, simply install bashbot as <a href="#Your-really-first-bashbot-in-a-nutshell">described here</a>, send the message '/start' to set yourself as botadmin and then stop the bot with <code>./bashbot.sh stop</code>.</p>
<p>Of course you can send messages from command line and scripts! Simply install bashbot as <a href="#Your-really-first-bashbot-in-a-nutshell">described here</a>, send the message '/start' to set yourself as botadmin and then stop the bot with <code>./bashbot.sh stop</code>.</p>
<p>Bashbot provides some ready to use scripts for sending messages from command line in <code>bin/</code> dir, e.g. <code>send_message.sh</code>.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb4-1"><a href="#cb4-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">bin/send_message.sh</span> BOTADMIN <span class="st">&quot;This is my first message send from CLI&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb4-2"><a href="#cb4-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a></span>
<span id="cb4-3"><a href="#cb4-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">bin/send_message.sh</span> <span class="at">--help</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>You can also source bashbot for use in your scripts, for more information see <a href="doc/8_custom.md">Expert Use</a></p>
<p>You can also source bashbot for use in your scripts, for more information see <a href="doc/4_expert.md">Expert Use</a>.</p>
<h3>Blocked by telegram?</h3>
<p>This may happen if to many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g. using a invalid token or not existing API calls. If the block stay for longer time you can ask telegram service to unblock your IP-Adress.</p>
<p>This may happen if too many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g. using a invalid token or invalid API calls. If the block stay for longer time you can ask telegram service to unblock your IP-Address.</p>
<p>You can check with curl or wget if you are blocked by Telegram:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode bash"><code class="sourceCode bash"><span id="cb5-1"><a href="#cb5-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">curl</span> <span class="at">-m</span> 10 https://api.telegram.org/bot</span>
<span id="cb5-2"><a href="#cb5-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#curl: (28) Connection timed out after 10001 milliseconds</span></span>
@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ It features background tasks and interactive chats, and can serve as an interfac
<span id="cb5-7"><a href="#cb5-7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="ex">nc</span> <span class="at">-w</span> 2 api.telegram.org 443 <span class="kw">||</span> <span class="bu">echo</span> <span class="st">&quot;your IP seems blocked by telegram&quot;</span></span>
<span id="cb5-8"><a href="#cb5-8" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="co">#your IP seems blocked by telegram</span></span></code></pre></div>
<p>Bashbot offers the option to recover from broken connections (blocked). Therefore you can provide a function named <code>bashbotBlockRecover()</code> in <code>mycommands.sh</code>, the function is called every time when a broken connection is detected.</p>
<p>Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Adress or simply wait some time. See <code>mycommnds.sh.dist</code> for an example.</p>
<p>Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Address or simply wait some time. See <code>mycommnds.sh.dist</code> for an example.</p>
<hr />
<p>@Gnadelwartz</p>
<h2>That's it all guys!</h2>

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README.md
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@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ Linted by [#ShellCheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck)
## Prerequisites
Uses [JSON.sh](http://github.com/dominictarr/JSON.sh) and the magic of sed.
Even bashbot is written in bash, it depends on commands typically available in a Unix/Linux Environment.
More concrete on the common commands provided by recent versions of [coreutils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands), [busybox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Commands) or [toybox](https://landley.net/toybox/help.html), see [Developer Notes](doc/7_develop.md#common-commands)
Bashbot is written in bash. It depends on commands typically available in a Linux/Unix Environment.
For more concrete information on the common commands provided by recent versions of [coreutils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands), [busybox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Commands) or [toybox](https://landley.net/toybox/help.html), see [Developer Notes](doc/7_develop.md#common-commands).
**Note for MacOS and BSD Users:** As bashbot heavily uses modern bash and (gnu) grep/sed features, bashbot will not run without installing additional software, see [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md)
**Note for MacOS and BSD Users:** Bashbot will not run without installing additional software as it uses modern bash and (gnu) grep/sed features. See [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md).
**Note for embedded systems:** busybox or toybox ONLY is not sufficient, you need a to install a "real" bash, see also [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md)
**Note for embedded systems:** You need to install a "real" bash as the vanilla installation of busybox or toybox is not sufficient. See [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md).
Bashbot [Documentation](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash) and [Downloads](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash/releases) are available on www.github.com
Bashbot [Documentation](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash) and [Downloads](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash/releases) are available on [www.github.com](https://www.github.com).
## Documentation
* [Introduction to Telegram Bots](https://core.telegram.org/bots)
@ -63,15 +63,15 @@ Bashbot [Documentation](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash) and [Do
* Modules, addons, events
* Setup your environment
* Bashbot test suite
* [Examples Dir](examples/README.md)
* [Examples Directory](examples/README.md)
### Your really first bashbot in a nutshell
### Your very first bashbot in a nutshell
To install and run bashbot you need access to a linux/unix command line with bash, a [Telegram client](https://telegram.org) and a mobile phone [with a Telegram account](https://telegramguide.com/create-a-telegram-account/).
To install and run bashbot you need access to a Linux/Unix command line with bash, a [Telegram client](https://telegram.org) and a mobile phone [with a Telegram account](https://telegramguide.com/create-a-telegram-account/).
First you need to [create a new Telegram Bot token](doc/1_firstbot.md) for your bot and write it down.
Now open a linux/unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it and install telegram-bot-bash:
Now open a Linux/Unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it and install telegram-bot-bash:
```bash
# create bot dir
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Session Name: yourbotname_bot-startbot
Bot started successfully.
```
Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chatting with your bot (_your bot's username is shown after 'Bot Name:'_):
Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chat with your bot (_your bot's username is shown after 'Bot Name:'_):
```
/start
@ -114,19 +114,19 @@ You are Botadmin
This is bashbot, the Telegram bot written entirely in bash.
It features background tasks and interactive chats, and can serve as an interface for CLI programs.
```
For more Information on how to install, customize and use your new bot, read the [Documentation](#Documentation)
For more Information on how to install, customize and use your new bot, read the [Documentation](#Documentation).
### Log files
Bashbot actions are logged to `BASHBOT.log`, Telegram send/receive errors are logged to `ERROR.log`.
Start bashbot in debug mode to get all messages send to / received from Telegram and error messages of bash commands also.
Bashbot actions are logged to `BASHBOT.log`. Telegram send/receive errors are logged to `ERROR.log`.
Start bashbot in debug mode to see all messages sent to / received from Telegram, as well as bash command error messages.
To enable debug mode start bashbot with debug as third argument: `bashbot start debug`
To enable debug mode, start bashbot with debug as third argument: `bashbot start debug`
```
├── logs
│   ├── BASHBOT.log # log what your bot is doing ...
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to telegram API
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to Telegram API
│   │
│   ├── DEBUG.log # stdout/stderr of you bot (debug mode enabled)
│   └── MESSAGE.log # full text of all message send/received (debug mode enabled)
@ -137,37 +137,36 @@ To enable debug mode start bashbot with debug as third argument: `bashbot start
## Security Considerations
Running a Telegram Bot means it is connected to the public and you never know what's send to your Bot.
Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bullet proof, so consider this Bot as a proof of concept.
Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bulletproof, so consider this Bot as a proof of concept.
Bash programmers often struggle with 'quoting hell' and globbing,
see [Implications of wrong quoting](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/171346/security-implications-of-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells)
see [Implications of wrong quoting](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/171346/security-implications-of-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells).
Whenever you are processing input from untrusted sources (messages, files, network) you must be as careful as possible,
e.g. set IFS appropriate, disable globbing (set -f) and quote everything. In addition remove unused scripts and examples
from your Bot, e.g. everything in `example/` and disable/remove all not needed bot commands.
Whenever you are processing input from untrusted sources (messages, files, network) you must be as careful as possible
(e.g. set IFS appropriately, disable globbing with `set -f` and quote everything). In addition remove unused scripts and examples
from your Bot (e.g. everything in `example/`) and disable/remove all unused bot commands.
It's important to escape or remove `$` in input from user, files or network (_as bashbot does_)
One of the powerful features of unix shells are variable and command substitution using `${}` and`$()`,
this can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure (RID) bugs if unescaped `$` is included in untrusted input, e.g. `$$` or `$(rm -rf /*)`
It's important to escape or remove `$` in input from user, files or network (_as bashbot does_).
One of the powerful features of Unix shells is variable and command substitution using `${}` and`$()` can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure (RID) bugs if unescaped `$` is included in untrusted input (e.g. `$$` or `$(rm -rf /*)`).
A powerful tool to improve your scripts is `shellcheck`. You can [use it online](https://www.shellcheck.net/) or
[install shellcheck locally](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck#installing). Shellcheck is used extensively in bashbot development
to ensure a high code quality, e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without passing all shellcheck tests.
to ensure a high code quality (e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without passing all shellcheck tests).
In addition bashbot has a [test suite](doc/7_develop.md) to check if important functionality is working as expected.
### Use printf whenever possible
If you're writing a script and it is taking external input (from the user as arguments or file system...),
you shouldn't use echo to display it. [Use printf whenever possible](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581)
If you're writing a script that accepts external input (e.g. from the user as arguments or the file system),
you shouldn't use echo to display it. [Use printf whenever possible](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581).
### Run your Bot as a restricted user
**I recommend to run your bot as a user, with almost no access rights.**
All files your Bot have write access to are in danger to be overwritten/deleted if your bot is hacked.
For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger to be disclosed. Restrict your Bots access rights to the absolute minimum.
**I recommend running your bot as a user with almost no access rights.**
All files your Bot has write access to are in danger of being overwritten/deleted if your bot is hacked.
For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger of being disclosed. Restrict your Bots access rights to the absolute minimum.
**Never run your Bot as root, this is the most dangerous you can do!** Usually the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on unix/linux systems. See [Expert use](doc/4_expert.md) on how to run your Bot as an other user.
**Never run your Bot as root, this is the most dangerous you can do!** Usually the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on Linux/Unix systems. See [Expert use](doc/4_expert.md) on how to run your Bot as an other user.
### Secure your Bot installation
**Your Bot configuration must no be readable from other users.** Everyone who can read your Bots token is able to act as your Bot and has access to all chats the Bot is in!
**Your Bot configuration must not be readable by other users.** Everyone who can read your Bots token is able to act as your Bot and has access to all chats the Bot is in!
Everyone with read access to your Bot files can extract your Bots data. Especially your Bot config in`config.jssh` must be protected against other users. No one except you should have write access to the Bot files. The Bot should be restricted to have write access to`count.jssh` and `data-bot-bash` only, all other files must be write protected.
@ -176,26 +175,26 @@ To set access rights for your bashbot installation to a reasonable default run`s
## FAQ
### Is this Bot insecure?
Bashbot is not more (in)secure as any Bot written in an other language, we have done our best to make it as secure as possible. But YOU are responsible for the bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...
Bashbot is not more (in)secure than a Bot written in another language. We have done our best to make it as secure as possible. But YOU are responsible for the bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...
**Note:** Up to version 0.941 (mai/22/2020) telegram-bot-bash had a remote code execution bug, please update if you use an older version!
### Why Bash and not the much better xyz?
Well, that's a damn good question ... may be because I'm an unix admin from stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:
Well, that's a damn good question... maybe because I'm a Unix admin from the stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:
- bashbot will run everywhere where bash and (gnu) sed is available, from embedded linux to mainframe
- easy to integrate with other shell script, e.g. for sending system message / health status
- bashbot will run wherever bash and (gnu) sed is available, from embedded Linux to mainframe
- easy to integrate with other shell scripts, e.g. for sending system message / health status
- no need to install or learn a new programming language, library or framework
- no database, not event driven, not object oriented ...
### Can I have the single bashbot.sh file back?
At the beginning bashbot was simply the file`bashbot.sh` you can copy everywhere and run the bot. Now we have 'commands.sh', 'mycommands.sh', 'modules/*.sh' and much more.
At the beginning bashbot was simply the file`bashbot.sh` that you could copy everywhere and run the bot. Now we have 'commands.sh', 'mycommands.sh', 'modules/*.sh' and much more.
Hey no Problem, if you are finished with your cool bot run`dev/make-standalone.sh` to create a stripped down Version of your bot containing only
'bashbot.sh' and 'commands.sh'! For more information see [Create a stripped down Version of your Bot](doc/7_develop.md)
Hey no problem, if you are finished with your cool bot, run`dev/make-standalone.sh` to create a stripped down version of your bot containing only
'bashbot.sh' and 'commands.sh'! For more information see [Create a stripped down version of your Bot](doc/7_develop.md).
### Can I send messages from CLI and scripts?
Of course, you can send messages from command line and scripts, simply install bashbot as [described here](#Your-really-first-bashbot-in-a-nutshell),
Of course you can send messages from command line and scripts! Simply install bashbot as [described here](#Your-really-first-bashbot-in-a-nutshell),
send the message '/start' to set yourself as botadmin and then stop the bot with `./bashbot.sh stop`.
Bashbot provides some ready to use scripts for sending messages from command line in `bin/` dir, e.g. `send_message.sh`.
@ -206,12 +205,12 @@ bin/send_message.sh BOTADMIN "This is my first message send from CLI"
bin/send_message.sh --help
```
You can also source bashbot for use in your scripts, for more information see [Expert Use](doc/8_custom.md)
You can also source bashbot for use in your scripts, for more information see [Expert Use](doc/4_expert.md).
### Blocked by telegram?
This may happen if to many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g. using a invalid token or not existing API calls.
If the block stay for longer time you can ask telegram service to unblock your IP-Adress.
This may happen if too many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g. using a invalid token or invalid API calls.
If the block stay for longer time you can ask telegram service to unblock your IP-Address.
You can check with curl or wget if you are blocked by Telegram:
```bash
@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ nc -w 2 api.telegram.org 443 || echo "your IP seems blocked by telegram"
Bashbot offers the option to recover from broken connections (blocked). Therefore you can provide a function
named `bashbotBlockRecover()` in `mycommands.sh`, the function is called every time when a broken connection is detected.
Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Adress or simply wait some time.
Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Address or simply wait some time.
See `mycommnds.sh.dist` for an example.
---

117
README.txt
View File

@ -17,24 +17,25 @@ Linted by [#ShellCheck](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck)
## Prerequisites
Uses [JSON.sh](http://github.com/dominictarr/JSON.sh) and the magic of sed.
Even bashbot is written in bash, it depends on commands typically available in
a Unix/Linux Environment.
More concrete on the common commands provided by recent versions of
Bashbot is written in bash. It depends on commands typically available in
a Linux/Unix Environment.
For more concrete information on the common commands provided by recent versions of
[coreutils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands),
[busybox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BusyBox#Commands) or
[toybox](https://landley.net/toybox/help.html), see [Developer
Notes](doc/7_develop.md#common-commands)
Notes](doc/7_develop.md#common-commands).
**Note for MacOS and BSD Users:** As bashbot heavily uses modern bash and (gnu)
grep/sed features, bashbot will not run without installing additional software,
see [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md)
**Note for MacOS and BSD Users:** Bashbot will not run without installing
additional software as it uses modern bash and (gnu) grep/sed features.
See [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md).
**Note for embedded systems:** busybox or toybox ONLY is not sufficient, you
need a to install a "real" bash, see also [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md)
**Note for embedded systems:** You need to install a "real" bash as the
vanilla installation of busybox or toybox is not sufficient.
See [Install Bashbot](doc/0_install.md).
Bashbot [Documentation](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash) and
[Downloads](https://github.com/topkecleon/telegram-bot-bash/releases) are
available on www.github.com
available on [www.github.com](https://www.github.com).
## Documentation
* [Introduction to Telegram Bots](https://core.telegram.org/bots)
@ -77,18 +78,18 @@ available on www.github.com
* Modules, addons, events
* Setup your environment
* Bashbot test suite
* [Examples Dir](examples/README.md)
* [Examples Directory](examples/README.md)
### Your really first bashbot in a nutshell
### Your very first bashbot in a nutshell
To install and run bashbot you need access to a linux/unix command line with
To install and run bashbot you need access to a Linux/Unix command line with
bash, a [Telegram client](https://telegram.org) and a mobile phone [with a
Telegram account](https://telegramguide.com/create-a-telegram-account/).
First you need to [create a new Telegram Bot token](doc/1_firstbot.md) for your
bot and write it down.
Now open a linux/unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it
Now open a Linux/Unix terminal with bash, create a new directory, change to it
and install telegram-bot-bash:
```bash
@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ Session Name: yourbotname_bot-startbot
Bot started successfully.
```
Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chatting with your
Now open the Telegram App on your mobile phone and start a chat with your
bot (_your bot's username is shown after 'Bot Name:'_):
```
@ -139,22 +140,22 @@ It features background tasks and interactive chats, and can serve as an
interface for CLI programs.
```
For more Information on how to install, customize and use your new bot, read
the [Documentation](#Documentation)
the [Documentation](#Documentation).
### Log files
Bashbot actions are logged to `BASHBOT.log`, Telegram send/receive errors are
Bashbot actions are logged to `BASHBOT.log`. Telegram send/receive errors are
logged to `ERROR.log`.
Start bashbot in debug mode to get all messages send to / received from
Telegram and error messages of bash commands also.
Start bashbot in debug mode to see all messages sent to / received from
Telegram, as well as bash command error messages.
To enable debug mode start bashbot with debug as third argument: `bashbot start
To enable debug mode, start bashbot with debug as third argument: `bashbot start
debug`
```
├── logs
│   ├── BASHBOT.log # log what your bot is doing ...
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to telegram API
│   ├── ERROR.log # connection errors from / to Telegram API
│   │
│   ├── DEBUG.log # stdout/stderr of you bot (debug mode enabled)
│   └── MESSAGE.log # full text of all message send/received (debug mode
@ -167,58 +168,58 @@ enabled)
Running a Telegram Bot means it is connected to the public and you never know
what's send to your Bot.
Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bullet proof, so consider this
Bash scripts in general are not designed to be bulletproof, so consider this
Bot as a proof of concept.
Bash programmers often struggle with 'quoting hell' and globbing,
see [Implications of wrong
quoting](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/171346/security-implications-o
f-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells)
f-forgetting-to-quote-a-variable-in-bash-posix-shells).
Whenever you are processing input from untrusted sources (messages, files,
network) you must be as careful as possible,
e.g. set IFS appropriate, disable globbing (set -f) and quote everything. In
network) you must be as careful as possible
(e.g. set IFS appropriately, disable globbing wity `set -f` and quote everything). In
addition remove unused scripts and examples
from your Bot, e.g. everything in `example/` and disable/remove all not needed
from your Bot (e.g. everything in `example/`) and disable/remove all unused
bot commands.
It's important to escape or remove `$` in input from user, files or network
(_as bashbot does_)
One of the powerful features of unix shells are variable and command
substitution using `${}` and`$()`,
this can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure
(RID) bugs if unescaped `$` is included in untrusted input, e.g. `$$` or `$(rm
-rf /*)`
(_as bashbot does_).
One of the powerful features of Unix shells is variable and command
substitution using `${}` and`$()`
can lead to remote code execution (RCE) or remote information disclosure
(RID) bugs if unescaped `$` is included in untrusted input (e.g. `$$` or `$(rm
-rf /*)`).
A powerful tool to improve your scripts is `shellcheck`. You can [use it
online](https://www.shellcheck.net/) or
[install shellcheck
locally](https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck#installing). Shellcheck is used
extensively in bashbot development
to ensure a high code quality, e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without
passing all shellcheck tests.
to ensure a high code quality (e.g. it's not allowed to push changes without
passing all shellcheck tests).
In addition bashbot has a [test suite](doc/7_develop.md) to check if important
functionality is working as expected.
### Use printf whenever possible
If you're writing a script and it is taking external input (from the user as
arguments or file system...),
If you're writing a script that accepts external input (e.g. from the user as
arguments or the file system),
you shouldn't use echo to display it. [Use printf whenever
possible](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581)
possible](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/6581).
### Run your Bot as a restricted user
**I recommend to run your bot as a user, with almost no access rights.**
All files your Bot have write access to are in danger to be overwritten/deleted
**I recommend running your bot as a user with almost no access rights.**
All files your Bot has write access to are in danger of being overwritten/deleted
if your bot is hacked.
For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger to be disclosed.
For the same reason every file your Bot can read is in danger of being disclosed.
Restrict your Bots access rights to the absolute minimum.
**Never run your Bot as root, this is the most dangerous you can do!** Usually
the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on unix/linux systems. See [Expert
the user 'nobody' has almost no rights on Linux/Unix systems. See [Expert
use](doc/4_expert.md) on how to run your Bot as an other user.
### Secure your Bot installation
**Your Bot configuration must no be readable from other users.** Everyone who
**Your Bot configuration must not be readable by other users.** Everyone who
can read your Bots token is able to act as your Bot and has access to all chats
the Bot is in!
@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ directory.
## FAQ
### Is this Bot insecure?
Bashbot is not more (in)secure as any Bot written in an other language, we have
Bashbot is not more (in)secure than a Bot written in another language. We have
done our best to make it as secure as possible. But YOU are responsible for the
bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...
@ -243,29 +244,29 @@ bot commands you wrote and you should know about the risks ...
execution bug, please update if you use an older version!
### Why Bash and not the much better xyz?
Well, that's a damn good question ... may be because I'm an unix admin from
stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:
Well, that's a damn good question... maybe because I'm a Unix admin from
the stone age. Nevertheless there are more reasons from my side:
- bashbot will run everywhere where bash and (gnu) sed is available, from
embedded linux to mainframe
- easy to integrate with other shell script, e.g. for sending system message /
- bashbot will run wherever bash and (gnu) sed is available, from
embedded Linux to mainframe
- easy to integrate with other shell scripts, e.g. for sending system message /
health status
- no need to install or learn a new programming language, library or framework
- no database, not event driven, not object oriented ...
### Can I have the single bashbot.sh file back?
At the beginning bashbot was simply the file`bashbot.sh` you can copy
At the beginning bashbot was simply the file`bashbot.sh` that you could copy
everywhere and run the bot. Now we have 'commands.sh', 'mycommands.sh',
'modules/*.sh' and much more.
Hey no Problem, if you are finished with your cool bot
run`dev/make-standalone.sh` to create a stripped down Version of your bot
Hey no problem, if you are finished with your cool bot,
run`dev/make-standalone.sh` to create a stripped down version of your bot
containing only
'bashbot.sh' and 'commands.sh'! For more information see [Create a stripped
down Version of your Bot](doc/7_develop.md)
down version of your Bot](doc/7_develop.md).
### Can I send messages from CLI and scripts?
Of course, you can send messages from command line and scripts, simply install
Of course you can send messages from command line and scripts! Simply install
bashbot as [described here](#Your-really-first-bashbot-in-a-nutshell),
send the message '/start' to set yourself as botadmin and then stop the bot
with `./bashbot.sh stop`.
@ -280,14 +281,14 @@ bin/send_message.sh --help
```
You can also source bashbot for use in your scripts, for more information see
[Expert Use](doc/8_custom.md)
[Expert Use](doc/4_expert.md).
### Blocked by telegram?
This may happen if to many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g.
using a invalid token or not existing API calls.
This may happen if too many or wrong requests are sent to api.telegram.org, e.g.
using a invalid token or invalid API calls.
If the block stay for longer time you can ask telegram service to unblock your
IP-Adress.
IP-Address.
You can check with curl or wget if you are blocked by Telegram:
```bash
@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ Therefore you can provide a function
named `bashbotBlockRecover()` in `mycommands.sh`, the function is called every
time when a broken connection is detected.
Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Adress or simply
Possible actions are: Check if network is working, change IP-Address or simply
wait some time.
See `mycommnds.sh.dist` for an example.

2
bashbot.sh
View File

@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ debug_checks(){ {
} >>"${DEBUGLOG}"
}
# some linux, e.g. manajro seems not to have C locale activated by default
# some Linux distributions (e.g. Manjaro) doesn't seem to have C locale activated by default
if _exists locale && [ "$(locale -a | grep -c -e "^C$" -e "^C.utf8$")" -lt 2 ]; then
printf "${ORANGE}Warning: locale ${NC}${GREY}C${NC}${ORANGE} and/or ${NC}${GREY}C.utf8${NC}${ORANGE} seems missing, use \"${NC}${GREY}locale -a${NC}${ORANGE}\" to show what locales are installed on your system.${NN}"
fi

8
doc/4_expert.md
View File

@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ Location of the files `commands.sh`, `mycommands.sh`, `botconfig.jssh`, `botacl`
unset BASHBOT_ETC # keep in telegram-bot-bash (default)
export BASHBOT_ETC "" # keep in telegram-bot-bash
export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot" # unix like config location
export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot" # Unix-like config location
export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot/bot1" # multibot configuration bot 1
export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot/bot2" # multibot configuration bot 2
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ Location of runtime data `data-bot-bash`, `count.jssh`
unset BASHBOT_VAR # keep in telegram-bot-bash (default)
export BASHBOT_VAR "" # keep in telegram-bot-bash
export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot" # unix like config location
export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot" # Unix-like config location
export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot/bot1" # multibot configuration bot 1
export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot/bot2" # multibot configuration bot 2
@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ This is also useful if you want to force bashbot to always use full pathnames in
unset BASHBOT_HOME # autodetection (default)
export BASHBOT_HOME "" # autodetection
export BASHBOT_HOME "/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash" # unix like location
export BASHBOT_HOME "/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash" # Unix-like location
export BASHBOT_HOME "/usr/local/bin" # Note: you MUST set ETC, VAR and JSONSH to other locations to make this work!
```
@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ This is also useful if you want to force bashbot to always use full pathnames in
#### Change config values
##### BASHBOT_URL
Uses given URL instead of official telegram API URL, useful if you have your own telegram server or for testing.
Uses given URL instead of official Telegram API URL, useful if you have your own telegram server or for testing.
```bash
unset BASHBOT_URL # use Telegram URL https://api.telegram.org/bot<token> (default)

6
doc/7_develop.md
View File

@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ BASHBOT_EVENT_TIMER["example_10min","$(( (EVENT_TIMER+10) * -1 ))"]="example_in1
----
#### Create a stripped down Version of your Bot
#### Create a stripped down version of your Bot
Currently bashbot is more a bot development environment than a bot, containing examples, developer scripts, modules, documentation and more.
You don't need all these files after you're finished with your cool new bot.
@ -220,9 +220,9 @@ A typical bashbot develop loop looks as follow:
#### common commands
We state bashbot is a bash only bot, but this is not true. bashbot is a bash script using bash features PLUS external commands.
Usually bash is used in a unix/linux environment where many (GNU) commands are available, but if commands are missing, bashbot may not work.
Usually bash is used in a Linux/Unix environment where many (GNU) commands are available, but if commands are missing, bashbot may not work.
To avoid this and make bashbot working on as many platforms as possible - from embedded linux to mainframe - I recommend to restrict
To avoid this and make bashbot working on as many platforms as possible - from embedded Linux to mainframe - I recommend to restrict
ourself to the common commands provided by bash and coreutils/busybox/toybox.
See [Bash Builtins](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Shell-Builtin-Commands.html),
[coreutils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GNU_Core_Utilities_commands),

2
examples/bash2env.sh
View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ MYSHEBANG=""
################
# uncomment one of the following lines to make the conversion
# linux/unix bash
# Linux/Unix bash
# MYSHEBANG="#!/bin/bash"
# BSD bash

2
examples/bashbot-multi.sh
View File

@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ if true; then
VAR="${BINDIR}"
else
# alternative linux like locations
# alternative Linux-like locations
BINDIR="/usr/local/bin"
ETC="/etc/bashbot"
VAR="/var/bashbot"