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doc: add known locale problems

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Kay Marquardt (Gnadelwartz) 2021-01-04 14:49:04 +01:00
parent 966ee5d5a7
commit 8a095bc79f
2 changed files with 55 additions and 3 deletions
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56
doc/4_expert.md
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@ -35,7 +35,59 @@ export 'LANGUAGE=den_US.UTF-8'
```
3. make sure your bot scripts use the correct settings, eg. include the lines above at the beginning of your scripts
To display all available locales on your system run `locale -a | more`. [Gentoo Wiki](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/UTF-8)
#### Known UTF-8 pitfalls
##### Missing locale C
Even required by POSIX standard some systems (e.g. Manjaro Linux) has no locale `C` and `C.UTF-8` installed.
If bashbot display a warning about missing locale you must install locale `C` and `C.UTF-8`.
If you don't know what locales are installed on your sytsem use `locale -a | more` to display them.
[Gentoo Wiki](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/UTF-8).
##### Character classes
In ASCII times it was clear `[:lower:]` and `[a-z]` means ONLY the lowercase letters `[abcd...xyz]`.
With introdution of locales character classes and ranges contains every character fitting the class definition.
This mean `[:lower:]` and `[a-z]` contains ALL lowercase letters e.g. `ä á ø dž ȼ`
also, see [Unicode Latin lowercase letters]https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/category/Ll/list.htm)
If that's ok for your script your'e fine, but many scripts rely on the idea of ASCII ranges and may produce undesired results.
```bash
# try with different locales ...
lowercase="abcäöü"
[[ "$string" =~ ^[a-z]$ ] && echo "String is all lower case"
LANG="en_EN
[[ "$string" =~ ^[a-z]$ ] && echo "String is all lower case"
LANG="C"
[[ "$string" =~ ^[a-z]$ ] && echo "String is all lower case"
```
There are three solutions:
1. list exactly the characters you want: `[abcd...]`
2. instruct bash to use `C` locale for ranges: `shopt -s "globasciiranges"`
3. use `LC_COLLATE` to change behavior of all programs: `export LC_COLLATE=C`
To work independent of language and bash settings bashbot uses solution 1. and uses own "classes" if an exact match is mandatory:
```bash
azazaz='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' # a-z :lower:
AZAZAZ='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' # A-Z :upper:
R090909='0123456789' # 0-9 :digit:
azAZaz="${azazaz}${AZAZAZ}" # a-zA-Z :alpha:
azAZ09="${azAZaz}${R090909}" # a-zA-z0-9 :alnum:
# e.g. characters allowed for key in key/value pairs
JSSH_KEYOK="[-${azAZ09},._]"
```
#### Bashbot UTF-8 Support
Bashbot handles all messages transparently, regardless of the charset in use. The only exception is when converting from JSON data to strings.
@ -378,5 +430,5 @@ for every poll until the maximum of BASHBOT_SLEEP ms.
#### [Prev Advanced Use](3_advanced.md)
#### [Next Best Practice](5_practice.md)
#### $$VERSION$$ v1.21-0-gc85af77
#### $$VERSION$$ v1.21-4-g966ee5d

2
modules/jsonDB.sh
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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
# This file is public domain in the USA and all free countries.
# Elsewhere, consider it to be WTFPLv2. (wtfpl.net/txt/copying)
#
#### $$VERSION$$ v1.21-3-ge072afa
#### $$VERSION$$ v1.21-4-g966ee5d
#
# source from commands.sh to use jsonDB functions
#