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fzf/README-VIM.md
Junegunn Choi a874aea692
[vim] More explanation on 'set rtp+=~/.fzf' instruction 
Close #3171
2023-03-20 22:33:14 +09:00

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FZF Vim integration
===================
Installation
------------
Once you have fzf installed, you can enable it inside Vim simply by adding the
directory to `&runtimepath` in your Vim configuration file. The path may
differ depending on the package manager.
```vim
" If installed using Homebrew
set rtp+=/usr/local/opt/fzf
" If installed using Homebrew on Apple Silicon
set rtp+=/opt/homebrew/opt/fzf
" If you have cloned fzf on ~/.fzf directory
set rtp+=~/.fzf
```
If you use [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug), the same can be
written as:
```vim
" If installed using Homebrew
Plug '/usr/local/opt/fzf'
" If you have cloned fzf on ~/.fzf directory
Plug '~/.fzf'
```
But if you want the latest Vim plugin file from GitHub rather than the one
included in the package, write:
```vim
Plug 'junegunn/fzf'
```
The Vim plugin will pick up fzf binary available on the system. If fzf is not
found on `$PATH`, it will ask you if it should download the latest binary for
you.
To make sure that you have the latest version of the binary, set up
post-update hook like so:
```vim
Plug 'junegunn/fzf', { 'do': { -> fzf#install() } }
```
Summary
-------
The Vim plugin of fzf provides two core functions, and `:FZF` command which is
the basic file selector command built on top of them.
1. **`fzf#run([spec dict])`**
- Starts fzf inside Vim with the given spec
- `:call fzf#run({'source': 'ls'})`
2. **`fzf#wrap([spec dict]) -> (dict)`**
- Takes a spec for `fzf#run` and returns an extended version of it with
additional options for addressing global preferences (`g:fzf_xxx`)
- `:echo fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'})`
- We usually *wrap* a spec with `fzf#wrap` before passing it to `fzf#run`
- `:call fzf#run(fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'}))`
3. **`:FZF [fzf_options string] [path string]`**
- Basic fuzzy file selector
- A reference implementation for those who don't want to write VimScript
to implement custom commands
- If you're looking for more such commands, check out [fzf.vim](https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.vim) project.
The most important of all is `fzf#run`, but it would be easier to understand
the whole if we start off with `:FZF` command.
`:FZF[!]`
---------
```vim
" Look for files under current directory
:FZF
" Look for files under your home directory
:FZF ~
" With fzf command-line options
:FZF --reverse --info=inline /tmp
" Bang version starts fzf in fullscreen mode
:FZF!
```
Similarly to [ctrlp.vim](https://github.com/kien/ctrlp.vim), use enter key,
`CTRL-T`, `CTRL-X` or `CTRL-V` to open selected files in the current window,
in new tabs, in horizontal splits, or in vertical splits respectively.
Note that the environment variables `FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND` and
`FZF_DEFAULT_OPTS` also apply here.
### Configuration
- `g:fzf_action`
- Customizable extra key bindings for opening selected files in different ways
- `g:fzf_layout`
- Determines the size and position of fzf window
- `g:fzf_colors`
- Customizes fzf colors to match the current color scheme
- `g:fzf_history_dir`
- Enables history feature
#### Examples
```vim
" This is the default extra key bindings
let g:fzf_action = {
\ 'ctrl-t': 'tab split',
\ 'ctrl-x': 'split',
\ 'ctrl-v': 'vsplit' }
" An action can be a reference to a function that processes selected lines
function! s:build_quickfix_list(lines)
call setqflist(map(copy(a:lines), '{ "filename": v:val, "lnum": 1 }'))
copen
cc
endfunction
let g:fzf_action = {
\ 'ctrl-q': function('s:build_quickfix_list'),
\ 'ctrl-t': 'tab split',
\ 'ctrl-x': 'split',
\ 'ctrl-v': 'vsplit' }
" Default fzf layout
" - Popup window (center of the screen)
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': { 'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6 } }
" - Popup window (center of the current window)
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': { 'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6, 'relative': v:true } }
" - Popup window (anchored to the bottom of the current window)
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': { 'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6, 'relative': v:true, 'yoffset': 1.0 } }
" - down / up / left / right
let g:fzf_layout = { 'down': '40%' }
" - Window using a Vim command
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': 'enew' }
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': '-tabnew' }
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': '10new' }
" Customize fzf colors to match your color scheme
" - fzf#wrap translates this to a set of `--color` options
let g:fzf_colors =
\ { 'fg': ['fg', 'Normal'],
\ 'bg': ['bg', 'Normal'],
\ 'hl': ['fg', 'Comment'],
\ 'fg+': ['fg', 'CursorLine', 'CursorColumn', 'Normal'],
\ 'bg+': ['bg', 'CursorLine', 'CursorColumn'],
\ 'hl+': ['fg', 'Statement'],
\ 'info': ['fg', 'PreProc'],
\ 'border': ['fg', 'Ignore'],
\ 'prompt': ['fg', 'Conditional'],
\ 'pointer': ['fg', 'Exception'],
\ 'marker': ['fg', 'Keyword'],
\ 'spinner': ['fg', 'Label'],
\ 'header': ['fg', 'Comment'] }
" Enable per-command history
" - History files will be stored in the specified directory
" - When set, CTRL-N and CTRL-P will be bound to 'next-history' and
" 'previous-history' instead of 'down' and 'up'.
let g:fzf_history_dir = '~/.local/share/fzf-history'
```
##### Explanation of `g:fzf_colors`
`g:fzf_colors` is a dictionary mapping fzf elements to a color specification
list:
element: [ component, group1 [, group2, ...] ]
- `element` is an fzf element to apply a color to:
| Element | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `fg` / `bg` / `hl` | Item (foreground / background / highlight) |
| `fg+` / `bg+` / `hl+` | Current item (foreground / background / highlight) |
| `preview-fg` / `preview-bg` | Preview window text and background |
| `hl` / `hl+` | Highlighted substrings (normal / current) |
| `gutter` | Background of the gutter on the left |
| `pointer` | Pointer to the current line (`>`) |
| `marker` | Multi-select marker (`>`) |
| `border` | Border around the window (`--border` and `--preview`) |
| `header` | Header (`--header` or `--header-lines`) |
| `info` | Info line (match counters) |
| `spinner` | Streaming input indicator |
| `query` | Query string |
| `disabled` | Query string when search is disabled |
| `prompt` | Prompt before query (`> `) |
| `pointer` | Pointer to the current line (`>`) |
- `component` specifies the component (`fg` / `bg`) from which to extract the
color when considering each of the following highlight groups
- `group1 [, group2, ...]` is a list of highlight groups that are searched (in
order) for a matching color definition
For example, consider the following specification:
```vim
'prompt': ['fg', 'Conditional', 'Comment'],
```
This means we color the **prompt**
- using the `fg` attribute of the `Conditional` if it exists,
- otherwise use the `fg` attribute of the `Comment` highlight group if it exists,
- otherwise fall back to the default color settings for the **prompt**.
You can examine the color option generated according the setting by printing
the result of `fzf#wrap()` function like so:
```vim
:echo fzf#wrap()
```
`fzf#run`
---------
`fzf#run()` function is the core of Vim integration. It takes a single
dictionary argument, *a spec*, and starts fzf process accordingly. At the very
least, specify `sink` option to tell what it should do with the selected
entry.
```vim
call fzf#run({'sink': 'e'})
```
We haven't specified the `source`, so this is equivalent to starting fzf on
command line without standard input pipe; fzf will use find command (or
`$FZF_DEFAULT_COMMAND` if defined) to list the files under the current
directory. When you select one, it will open it with the sink, `:e` command.
If you want to open it in a new tab, you can pass `:tabedit` command instead
as the sink.
```vim
call fzf#run({'sink': 'tabedit'})
```
Instead of using the default find command, you can use any shell command as
the source. The following example will list the files managed by git. It's
equivalent to running `git ls-files | fzf` on shell.
```vim
call fzf#run({'source': 'git ls-files', 'sink': 'e'})
```
fzf options can be specified as `options` entry in spec dictionary.
```vim
call fzf#run({'sink': 'tabedit', 'options': '--multi --reverse'})
```
You can also pass a layout option if you don't want fzf window to take up the
entire screen.
```vim
" up / down / left / right / window are allowed
call fzf#run({'source': 'git ls-files', 'sink': 'e', 'left': '40%'})
call fzf#run({'source': 'git ls-files', 'sink': 'e', 'window': '30vnew'})
```
`source` doesn't have to be an external shell command, you can pass a Vim
array as the source. In the next example, we pass the names of color
schemes as the source to implement a color scheme selector.
```vim
call fzf#run({'source': map(split(globpath(&rtp, 'colors/*.vim')),
\ 'fnamemodify(v:val, ":t:r")'),
\ 'sink': 'colo', 'left': '25%'})
```
The following table summarizes the available options.
| Option name | Type | Description |
| -------------------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `source` | string | External command to generate input to fzf (e.g. `find .`) |
| `source` | list | Vim list as input to fzf |
| `sink` | string | Vim command to handle the selected item (e.g. `e`, `tabe`) |
| `sink` | funcref | Reference to function to process each selected item |
| `sinklist` (or `sink*`) | funcref | Similar to `sink`, but takes the list of output lines at once |
| `options` | string/list | Options to fzf |
| `dir` | string | Working directory |
| `up`/`down`/`left`/`right` | number/string | (Layout) Window position and size (e.g. `20`, `50%`) |
| `tmux` | string | (Layout) fzf-tmux options (e.g. `-p90%,60%`) |
| `window` (Vim 8 / Neovim) | string | (Layout) Command to open fzf window (e.g. `vertical aboveleft 30new`) |
| `window` (Vim 8 / Neovim) | dict | (Layout) Popup window settings (e.g. `{'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6}`) |
`options` entry can be either a string or a list. For simple cases, string
should suffice, but prefer to use list type to avoid escaping issues.
```vim
call fzf#run({'options': '--reverse --prompt "C:\\Program Files\\"'})
call fzf#run({'options': ['--reverse', '--prompt', 'C:\Program Files\']})
```
When `window` entry is a dictionary, fzf will start in a popup window. The
following options are allowed:
- Required:
- `width` [float range [0 ~ 1]] or [integer range [8 ~ ]]
- `height` [float range [0 ~ 1]] or [integer range [4 ~ ]]
- Optional:
- `yoffset` [float default 0.5 range [0 ~ 1]]
- `xoffset` [float default 0.5 range [0 ~ 1]]
- `relative` [boolean default v:false]
- `border` [string default `rounded` (`sharp` on Windows)]: Border style
- `rounded` / `sharp` / `horizontal` / `vertical` / `top` / `bottom` / `left` / `right` / `no[ne]`
`fzf#wrap`
----------
We have seen that several aspects of `:FZF` command can be configured with
a set of global option variables; different ways to open files
(`g:fzf_action`), window position and size (`g:fzf_layout`), color palette
(`g:fzf_colors`), etc.
So how can we make our custom `fzf#run` calls also respect those variables?
Simply by *"wrapping"* the spec dictionary with `fzf#wrap` before passing it
to `fzf#run`.
- **`fzf#wrap([name string], [spec dict], [fullscreen bool]) -> (dict)`**
- All arguments are optional. Usually we only need to pass a spec dictionary.
- `name` is for managing history files. It is ignored if
`g:fzf_history_dir` is not defined.
- `fullscreen` can be either `0` or `1` (default: 0).
`fzf#wrap` takes a spec and returns an extended version of it (also
a dictionary) with additional options for addressing global preferences. You
can examine the return value of it like so:
```vim
echo fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'})
```
After we *"wrap"* our spec, we pass it to `fzf#run`.
```vim
call fzf#run(fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'}))
```
Now it supports `CTRL-T`, `CTRL-V`, and `CTRL-X` key bindings (configurable
via `g:fzf_action`) and it opens fzf window according to `g:fzf_layout`
setting.
To make it easier to use, let's define `LS` command.
```vim
command! LS call fzf#run(fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'}))
```
Type `:LS` and see how it works.
We would like to make `:LS!` (bang version) open fzf in fullscreen, just like
`:FZF!`. Add `-bang` to command definition, and use `<bang>` value to set
the last `fullscreen` argument of `fzf#wrap` (see `:help <bang>`).
```vim
" On :LS!, <bang> evaluates to '!', and '!0' becomes 1
command! -bang LS call fzf#run(fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls'}, <bang>0))
```
Our `:LS` command will be much more useful if we can pass a directory argument
to it, so that something like `:LS /tmp` is possible.
```vim
command! -bang -complete=dir -nargs=? LS
\ call fzf#run(fzf#wrap({'source': 'ls', 'dir': <q-args>}, <bang>0))
```
Lastly, if you have enabled `g:fzf_history_dir`, you might want to assign
a unique name to our command and pass it as the first argument to `fzf#wrap`.
```vim
" The query history for this command will be stored as 'ls' inside g:fzf_history_dir.
" The name is ignored if g:fzf_history_dir is not defined.
command! -bang -complete=dir -nargs=? LS
\ call fzf#run(fzf#wrap('ls', {'source': 'ls', 'dir': <q-args>}, <bang>0))
```
### Global options supported by `fzf#wrap`
- `g:fzf_layout`
- `g:fzf_action`
- **Works only when no custom `sink` (or `sinklist`) is provided**
- Having custom sink usually means that each entry is not an ordinary
file path (e.g. name of color scheme), so we can't blindly apply the
same strategy (i.e. `tabedit some-color-scheme` doesn't make sense)
- `g:fzf_colors`
- `g:fzf_history_dir`
Tips
----
### fzf inside terminal buffer
On the latest versions of Vim and Neovim, fzf will start in a terminal buffer.
If you find the default ANSI colors to be different, consider configuring the
colors using `g:terminal_ansi_colors` in regular Vim or `g:terminal_color_x`
in Neovim.
```vim
" Terminal colors for seoul256 color scheme
if has('nvim')
let g:terminal_color_0 = '#4e4e4e'
let g:terminal_color_1 = '#d68787'
let g:terminal_color_2 = '#5f865f'
let g:terminal_color_3 = '#d8af5f'
let g:terminal_color_4 = '#85add4'
let g:terminal_color_5 = '#d7afaf'
let g:terminal_color_6 = '#87afaf'
let g:terminal_color_7 = '#d0d0d0'
let g:terminal_color_8 = '#626262'
let g:terminal_color_9 = '#d75f87'
let g:terminal_color_10 = '#87af87'
let g:terminal_color_11 = '#ffd787'
let g:terminal_color_12 = '#add4fb'
let g:terminal_color_13 = '#ffafaf'
let g:terminal_color_14 = '#87d7d7'
let g:terminal_color_15 = '#e4e4e4'
else
let g:terminal_ansi_colors = [
\ '#4e4e4e', '#d68787', '#5f865f', '#d8af5f',
\ '#85add4', '#d7afaf', '#87afaf', '#d0d0d0',
\ '#626262', '#d75f87', '#87af87', '#ffd787',
\ '#add4fb', '#ffafaf', '#87d7d7', '#e4e4e4'
\ ]
endif
```
### Starting fzf in a popup window
```vim
" Required:
" - width [float range [0 ~ 1]] or [integer range [8 ~ ]]
" - height [float range [0 ~ 1]] or [integer range [4 ~ ]]
"
" Optional:
" - xoffset [float default 0.5 range [0 ~ 1]]
" - yoffset [float default 0.5 range [0 ~ 1]]
" - relative [boolean default v:false]
" - border [string default 'rounded']: Border style
" - 'rounded' / 'sharp' / 'horizontal' / 'vertical' / 'top' / 'bottom' / 'left' / 'right'
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': { 'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6 } }
```
Alternatively, you can make fzf open in a tmux popup window (requires tmux 3.2
or above) by putting fzf-tmux options in `tmux` key.
```vim
" See `man fzf-tmux` for available options
if exists('$TMUX')
let g:fzf_layout = { 'tmux': '-p90%,60%' }
else
let g:fzf_layout = { 'window': { 'width': 0.9, 'height': 0.6 } }
endif
```
### Hide statusline
When fzf starts in a terminal buffer, the file type of the buffer is set to
`fzf`. So you can set up `FileType fzf` autocmd to customize the settings of
the window.
For example, if you open fzf on the bottom on the screen (e.g. `{'down':
'40%'}`), you might want to temporarily disable the statusline for a cleaner
look.
```vim
let g:fzf_layout = { 'down': '30%' }
autocmd! FileType fzf
autocmd FileType fzf set laststatus=0 noshowmode noruler
\| autocmd BufLeave <buffer> set laststatus=2 showmode ruler
```
[License](LICENSE)
------------------
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2013-2023 Junegunn Choi
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