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Expert Use

Handling UTF-8 character sets

UTF-8 is a variable length encoding of Unicode. UTF-8 is recommended as the default encoding in JSON, XML and HTML, also Telegram make use of it.

The first 128 characters are regular ASCII, so it's a superset of and compatible with ASCII environments. The next 1,920 characters need two bytes for encoding and covers almost all Latin alphabets, also Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Arabic and more. See Wikipedia for more details.

Setting up your Environment

In general bash and GNU utitities are UTF-8 aware if you to setup your environment and your scripts accordingly:

  1. Your Terminal and Editor must support UTF-8: Set Terminal and Editor locale to UTF-8, eg. in Settings/Configuration select UTF-8 (Unicode) as Charset.

  2. Set Shell environment to UTF-8 in your .profile and your scripts. The usual settings are:

export 'LC_ALL=C.UTF-8'
export 'LANG=C.UTF-8'
export 'LANGUAGE=C.UTF-8'

If you use other languages, eg. german or US english, change the shell settings to:

export 'LC_ALL=de_DE.UTF-8'
export 'LANG=de_DE.UTF-8'
export 'LANGUAGE=de_DE.UTF-8'

export 'LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8'
export 'LANG=de_en_US.UTF-8'
export 'LANGUAGE=den_US.UTF-8'
  1. make shure your bot scripts use the correct settings, eg. include the lines above at the beginning of your scripts

To display all availible locales on your system run locale -a | more. Gentoo Wiki

Bashbot UTF-8 Support

Bashbot handles all messages transparently, regardless of the charset in use. The only exception is when converting from JSON data to strings.

Telegram use JSON to send / recieve data. JSON encodes strings as follow: Characters not ASCII (>127) are escaped as sequences of \uxxxx to be regular ASCII. In addition multibyte characters, e.g. Emoticons or Arabic characters, are send in double byte UTF-16 notation. The Emoticons 😁 😘 ❤️ 😊 👍 are encoded as: \uD83D\uDE01 \uD83D\uDE18 \u2764\uFE0F \uD83D\uDE0A \uD83D\uDC4D

This "mixed" JSON encoding needs special handling and can not decoded from echo -e or printf '%s\\n'

Most complete support for decoding of multibyte characters can only be provided if python is installed on your system. Without phyton bashbot falls back to an internal, pure bash implementation which may not work for some corner cases.

Run as other user or system service

Bashbot is desingned to run manually by the user who installed it. Nevertheless it's possible to run it by an other user-ID, as a system service or sceduled from cron. This is onyl recommended for experiend linux users.

Setup the environment for the user you want to run bashbot and enter desired username, e.g. nobody :

sudo ./bashbot.sh init

Edit the file bashbot.rc and edit the following lines to fit your configuration:

#######################
# Configuration Section

# edit the next line to fit the user you want to run bashbot, e.g. nobody:
runas="nobody" 

# uncomment one of the following lines 
# runcmd="su $runas -s /bin/bash -c "      # runasuser with su
# runcmd="runuser $runas -s /bin/bash -c " # runasuser with runuser

# edit the values of the following lines to fit your config:
start="/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/bashbot.sh"	# location of your bashbot.sh script
name=''   # your bot name as given to botfather, e.g. mysomething_bot

# END Configuration
#######################

From now on use 'bashbot.rc' to manage your bot:

sudo ./bashbot.rc start

Type ps -ef | grep bashbot to verify your Bot is running as the desired user.

If your Bot is started by 'bashbot.rc', you must use 'bashbot.rc' also to manage your Bot! The following commands are availible:

sudo ./bashbot.rc start
sudo ./bashbot.rc stop
sudo ./bashbot.rc status
sudo ./bashbot.rc suspendback
sudo ./bashbot.rc resumeback
sudo ./bashbot.rc killback

To change back the environment to your user-ID run sudo ./bashbot.sh init again and enter your user name.

To use bashbot as a system servive include a working bashbot.rc in your init system (systemd, /etc/init.d).

Scedule bashbot from Cron

An example crontab is provided in examples/bashbot.cron.

  • If you are running bashbot with your user-ID, copy the examples lines to your crontab and remove username nobody.
  • if you run bashbot as an other user or a system service edit examples/bashbot.cron to fit your needs and replace usernamenobody with the username you want to run bashbot. copy the modified file to /etc/cron.d/bashbot

Use bashbot from CLI and scripts

You can use bashbot to send messages, locations, venues, pictures etc. from command line and scripts by sourcing it:

usage: . bashbot.sh source

Before sourcing 'bahsbot.sh' for interactive and script use, you should export and set BASHBOT_HOME to bashbots installation dir, e.g. '/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash'. see Bashbot Environemt

Note: If you don't set BASHBOT_HOME bashbot will use the actual directory as NEW home directory which means it will create all needed files and ask for bot token and botadmin if you are not in the real bot home!

Examples:

# if you are in the bashbot directory
.  bashbot.sh source

# same, but more readable in scripts
source ./bashbot.sh source

# use bashbot config in BASHBOT_HOME from any directory
export BASHBOT_HOME=/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash
source ${BASHBOT_HOME}/bashbot.sh source

# use / create new config in current directory
unset  BASHBOT_HOME
source /path/to/bashbot.sh source

Environment variable exported from bashbot

If you have sourced 'bashbot.sh' you have the following bashot internal variables availible:

COMMANDS	# default: ./commands.sh"
MODULEDIR	# default: ./modules"
TOKENFILE	# default: ./token"
BOTADMIN	# default: ./botadmin"
BOTACL		# default: ./botacl"
TMPDIR		# default: ./data-bot-bash"
COUNTFILE	# default: ./count"

BOTTOKEN	# default: content of ${TOKENFILE}
URL		# telegram api URL - default: https://api.telegram.org/bot${BOTTOKEN}"

Interacctive use

For testing your setup or sending messages yoursel you can use bashbot functions from bash command line:

# are we running bash?
echo $SHELL
/bin/bash

# source bashbot.sh WITHOUT BASHBOT_HOME set
./bashbot.sh source

# output bashbot internal variables
echo $COMMANDS $MODULEDIR $TOKENFILE $BOTADMIN $BOTACL $TMPDIR $COUNTFILE
./commands.sh ./modules ./token ./botadmin ./botacl ./data-bot-bash ./count


# source bashbot.sh WITH BASHBOT_HOME set
export BASHBOT_HOME=/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash
source ./bashbot.sh source

# output bashbot internal variables
echo $COMMANDS $MODULEDIR $TOKENFILE $BOTADMIN $BOTACL $TMPDIR $COUNTFILE
/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/commands.sh /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/modules /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/token
/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/botadmin /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/botacl /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/data-bot-bash
/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/count

After sourcing you can use bashbot functions to send Messages, Locations, Pictures etc. to any Telegram User or Chat you are in. See Send Messages.

Examples: You can test this by sending messages to yourself:

# fist Hello World
send_normal_message "$(< $BOTADMIN)"  "Hello World! This is my first message"

# now with some markdown and  HTML
send_markdown_message 	"$(< $BOTADMIN)"  '*Hello World!* _This is my first markdown message_'
send_html_message	"$(< $BOTADMIN)"  '<b>Hello World!</b> <em>This is my first HTML message</em>'
send_keyboard "$(< $BOTADMIN)"  'Do you like it?' '[ "Yep" , "No" ]'

Now something more useful ...

# sending output from system commands:
send_normal_message	"$(< $BOTADMIN)"  "$(date)"

send_normal_message	"$(< $BOTADMIN)"  "$(uptime)"

send_normal_message       "$(< $BOTADMIN)"  '`'$(free)'`'

# same but markdown style 'code' (monospaced)
send_markdown_message	"$(< $BOTADMIN)"  "\`$(free)\`"

Bashbot environment

This section describe how you can customize bashbot to your needs by setting environment variables.

Change file locations

In standard setup bashbot is self containing, this means you can place 'telegram-bot-bash' any location and run it from there. All files - programm, config, data etc - will reside in 'telegram-bot-bash'.

If you want to have other locations for config, data etc, define and export the following environment variables. Note: all specified directories and files must exist or running 'bashbot.sh' will fail.

BASHBOT_ETC

Location of the files commands.sh, mycommands.sh, token, botadmin, botacl ...

  unset  BASHBOT_ETC     # keep in telegram-bot-bash (default)
  export BASHBOT_ETC ""  # keep in telegram-bot-bash

  export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot"  # unix like config location

  export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot/bot1"  # multibot configuration bot 1
  export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot/bot2"  # multibot configuration bot 2

e.g. /etc/bashbot

BASHBOT_VAR

Location of runtime data data-bot-bash, count

  unset  BASHBOT_VAR     # keep in telegram-bot-bash (default)
  export BASHBOT_VAR ""  # keep in telegram-bot-bash

  export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot"  # unix like config location

  export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot/bot1"  # multibot configuration bot 1
  export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot/bot2"  # multibot configuration bot 2
BASHBOT_JSONSH

Full path to JSON.sh script, default: './JSON.sh/JSON.sh', must end with '/JSON.sh'.

  unset  BASHBOT_JSONSH     # telegram-bot-bash/JSON.sh/JSON.sh (default)
  export BASHBOT_JSONSH ""  # telegram-bot-bash/JSON.sh/JSON.sh

  export BASHBOT_JSONSH "/usr/local/bin/JSON.sh"  # installed in /usr/local/bin
BASHBOT_HOME

Set bashbot home directory, where bashot will look for additional files. If BASHBOT_ETC, BASHBOT_VAR or BASHBOT_JSONSH are set the have precedence over BASHBOT_HOME.

This is also usefull if you want to force bashbot to always use full pathnames instead of relative ones.

  unset  BASHBOT_HOME     # autodetection (default)
  export BASHBOT_HOME ""  # autodetection

  export BASHBOT_HOME "/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash"	# unix like location
  export BASHBOT_HOME "/usr/local/bin"	# Note: you MUST set ETC, VAR and JSONSH to other locations to make this work!

Change config values

BASHBOT_URL

Uses given URL instead of offical telegram API URL, useful if you have your own telegram server or for testing.

  unset  BASHBOT_URL       # use Telegram URL https://api.telegram.org/bot<token> (default)

  export BASHBOT_URL ""    # use use Telegram https://api.telegram.org/bot<token>

  export BASHBOT_URL "https://my.url.com/bot" # use your URL https://my.url.com/bot<token>
BASHBOT_TOKEN
BASHBOT_WGET

Bashbot uses curl to communicate with telegram server. if curl is not availible wget is used. If 'BASHBOT_WGET' is set to any value (not undefined or not empty) wget is used even is curl is availible.

  unset  BASHBOT_WGET       # use curl (default)
  export BASHBOT_WGET ""    # use curl 

  export BASHBOT_WGET "yes" # use wget
  export BASHBOT_WGET "no"  # use wget!
BASHBOT_SLEEP

Instead of polling permanently or with a fixed delay, bashbot offers a simple adaptive polling. If messages are recieved bashbot polls with no dealy. If no messages are availible bashbot add 100ms delay for every poll until the maximum of BASHBOT_SLEEP ms.

  unset  BASHBOT_SLEEP       # 5000ms (default)
  export BASHBOT_SLEEP ""    # 5000ms 

  export BASHBOT_SLEEP "1000"     # 1s maximum sleep 
  export BASHBOT_SLEEP "10000"    # 10s maximum sleep
  export BASHBOT_SLEEP "1"        # values < 1000 disables sleep (not recommended)

Testet configs as of v0.90 release

Note: Environment variables are not stored, you must setup them before every call to bashbot.sh, e.g. from a script.

simple Unix like config, for one bot. bashbot is installed in '/usr/local/telegram-bot-bash'
  # Note: all dirs and files must exist!
  export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot"
  export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot"

  /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/bashbot.sh start
Unix like config for one bot. bashbot.sh is installed in '/usr/bin'
  # Note: all dirs and files must exist!
  export BASHBOT_ETC "/etc/bashbot"
  export BASHBOT_VAR "/var/spool/bashbot"
  export BASHBOT_JSONSH "/var/spool/bashbot"

  /usr/local/bin/bashbot.sh start
simple multibot config, everything is keept inside 'telegram-bot-bash' dir
  # config for running Bot 1
  # Note: all dirs and files must exist!
  export BASHBOT_ETC "./mybot1"
  export BASHBOT_VAR "./mybot1"

  /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/bashbot.sh start

  # config for running Bot 2
  # Note: all dirs and files must exist!
  export BASHBOT_ETC "./mybot2"
  export BASHBOT_VAR "./mybot2"

  /usr/local/telegram-bot-bash/bashbot.sh start

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