Tomb/tomb

#!/bin/zsh
#
# Tomb, the Crypto Undertaker
#
# A commandline tool to easily operate encryption of secret data
#
# Homepage on: [tomb.dyne.org](http://tomb.dyne.org)

# {{{ License

# Copyright (C) 2007-2014 Dyne.org Foundation
#
# Tomb is designed, written and maintained by Denis Roio <jaromil@dyne.org>
#
# With contributions by Anathema, Boyska and Hellekin O. Wolf.
#
# Testing and reviews are contributed by Dreamer, Shining,
# Mancausoft, Asbesto Molesto and Nignux.
#
# Tomb's artwork is contributed by Jordi aka Mon Mort.

# This source code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# 
# This source code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  Please refer
# to the GNU Public License for more details.
# 
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Public License along with
# this source code; if not, write to: Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

# }}} - License

# {{{ Global variables

VERSION=1.6
DATE="Sept/2014"
TOMBEXEC=$0
typeset -a OLDARGS
for arg in ${argv}; do OLDARGS+=($arg); done
DD="dd"
WIPE="rm -f"
MKFS="mkfs.ext3 -q -F -j -L"
KDF=1
STEGHIDE=1
RESIZER=1
SWISH=1
QRENCODE=1
MOUNTOPTS="rw,noatime,nodev"

# prefix for temporary files
TMPPREFIX="/dev/shm/$RANDOM.$RANDOM."

# makes glob matching case insensitive
unsetopt CASE_MATCH

typeset -AH global_opts
typeset -AH opts
typeset -H username

typeset -H _uid
typeset -H _gid
typeset -H _tty

typeset -H tomb_file

typeset -H tomb_key
typeset -H tomb_key_file
typeset -H tomb_secret
typeset -H tomb_password

typeset -aH tomb_tempfiles
typeset -aH tomb_loopdevs

# Make sure sbin is in PATH
PATH+=:/sbin:/usr/sbin

# For gettext
export TEXTDOMAIN=tomb

# }}}

# {{{ Safety functions

endgame() {
    # here clear all temp files and flush all pipes

    # prepare some random material to overwrite vars
    rr="$RANDOM"
    while [[ ${#rr} -lt 500 ]]; do
        rr+="$RANDOM"; done
    # we make sure no info is left in unallocated mem
    tomb_file="$rr";     unset tomb_file
    tomb_key="$rr";      unset tomb_key
    tomb_key_file="$rr"; unset tomb_key_file
    tomb_secret="$rr";   unset tomb_secret
    tomb_password="$rr"; unset tomb_password

    for f in $tomb_tempfiles; do
        ${=WIPE} "$f"; done
    unset tomb_tempfiles

    for l in $tomb_loopdevs; do
        losetup -d "$l"; done
    unset tomb_loopdevs
}

# trap functions for the endgame event
TRAPINT()  {  endgame INT   }
TRAPEXIT() {  endgame EXIT  }
TRAPHUP()  {  endgame HUP   }
TRAPQUIT() {  endgame QUIT  }
TRAPABRT() {  endgame ABORT }
TRAPKILL() {  endgame KILL  }
TRAPPIPE() {  endgame PIPE  }
TRAPTERM() {  endgame TERM  }
TRAPSTOP() {  endgame STOP  }

check_shm() {
    # TODO: configure which tmp dir to use from a cli flag
    SHMPREFIX=/dev/shm

    [[ -k /dev/shm ]] || [[ -k /run/shm ]] && { SHMPREFIX=/run/shm } \
        || {
        # mount the tmpfs if the SO doesn't already
        mkdir /run/shm
        (( $? )) && _failure "Fatal error creating a directory for temporary files"

        mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /run/shm \
            -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,mode=0600,uid="$_uid",gid="$_gid"
        (( $? )) && _failure "Fatal error mounting tmpfs in /run/shm for temporary files"

        SHMPREFIX=/run/shm
    }

    # setup a special env var for zsh to create temp files that will
    # then be deleted at the exit of each function using them.
    TMPPREFIX="$SHMPREFIX/$RANDOM.$RANDOM."
    return 0
}

# Provide a random filename in shared memory
tmp_create() {
    local tfile="${TMPPREFIX}${RANDOM}"
    touch "$tfile"
    (( $? )) && _failure "Fatal error creating a temporary file: ::1 temp file::" $tfile

    chown "$_uid":"$_gid" "$tfile"
    chmod 0600 "$tfile"
    (( $? )) && _failure "Fatal error setting permissions on temporary file: ::1 temp file::" $tfile

    _verbose "Created tempfile: ::1 temp file::" $tfile
    tomb_tempfiles+=($tfile)
    return 0
}
tmp_new() {
    # print out the latest tempfile
    print - "${tomb_tempfiles[${#tomb_tempfiles}]}"
}

# Check if swap is activated
check_swap() {
    # Return 0 if NO swap is used, 1 if swap is used
    # Return 2 if swap(s) is(are) used, but ALL encrypted
    local swaps="$(awk '/^\// { print $1 }' /proc/swaps 2>/dev/null)"
    [[ -z "$swaps" ]] && return 0                # No swap partition is active
    # Check whether all swaps are encrypted, and return 2
    # If any of the swaps is not encrypted, we bail out and return 1.
    ret=1
    for s in $=swaps; do
        bone=`sudo file $s`
        if [[ "$bone" =~ "swap file" ]]; then
            # It's a regular (unencrypted) swap file
            ret=1
            break
        elif [[ "$bone" =~ "symbolic link" ]]; then
            # Might link to a block
            ret=1
            if [ "/dev/mapper" = "${s%/*}" ]; then
                is_crypt=`sudo dmsetup status "$s" | awk '/crypt/ {print $3}'`
                if [ "crypt" = "$is_crypt" ]; then
                    ret=2
                fi
            else
                break
            fi
        elif [[ "$bone" =~ "block special" ]]; then
            # Is a block
            ret=1
            is_crypt=`sudo dmsetup status "$s" | awk '/crypt/ {print $3}'`
            if [ "crypt" = "$is_crypt" ]; then
                ret=2
            else
                break
            fi
        fi
    done
    _warning  "An active swap partition is detected, this poses security risks."
    if [[ $ret -eq 2 ]]; then
        _success "All your swaps are belong to crypt.  Good."
    else
        _warning  "You can deactivate all swap partitions using the command:"
        _warning  " swapoff -a"
        _warning  "But if you want to proceed like this, use the -f (force) flag."
        _failure "Operation aborted."
    fi
    return $ret
}

# Wrapper to allow encrypted swap and remind the user about
# possible data leaks to disk if swap is on, and not to be ignored
_check_swap() {
    if ! option_is_set -f && ! option_is_set --ignore-swap; then
        check_swap
        case $? in
            0|2)     # No, or encrypted swap
                return 0
                ;;
            *)       # Unencrypted swap
                return 1
                ;;
        esac
    fi
}

# Ask user for a password
ask_password() {
# we use pinentry now
# comes from gpg project and is much more secure
# it also conveniently uses the right toolkit

    # pinentry has no custom icon setting
    # so we need to temporary modify the gtk theme
    if [ -r /usr/local/share/themes/tomb/gtk-2.0-key/gtkrc ]; then
        GTK2_RC=/usr/local/share/themes/tomb/gtk-2.0-key/gtkrc
    elif [ -r /usr/share/themes/tomb/gtk-2.0-key/gtkrc ]; then
        GTK2_RC=/usr/share/themes/tomb/gtk-2.0-key/gtkrc
    fi

    title="Insert tomb password."
    if [ $2 ]; then title="$2"; fi

    output=`cat <<EOF | GTK2_RC_FILES=${GTK2_RC} pinentry 2>/dev/null | tail -n +7
OPTION ttyname=$TTY
OPTION lc-ctype=$LANG
SETTITLE $title
SETDESC $1
SETPROMPT Password:
GETPIN
EOF`
    if [[ `tail -n1 <<<$output` =~ ERR ]]; then
        return 1
    fi
    head -n1 <<<$output | awk '/^D / { sub(/^D /, ""); print }'
    return 0
}

# Drop privileges
exec_as_user() {
    if ! [ $SUDO_USER ]; then
        exec $@[@]
        return $?
    fi
    _verbose "exec_as_user '::1 user::': ::2::" $SUDO_USER ${(f)@}
    sudo -u $SUDO_USER "${@[@]}"
    return $?
}

#Escalate privileges
check_priv() {
    # save original user
    username=$USER
    if [ $UID != 0 ]; then
        _verbose "Using sudo for root execution of '::1 exec:: ::2 args::'." $TOMBEXEC ${(f)OLDARGS}
        # check if sudo has a timestamp active
        sudok=false

        if ! option_is_set --sudo-pwd; then
            if [ $? != 0 ]; then # if not then ask a password
                cat <<EOF | pinentry 2>/dev/null | awk '/^D / { sub(/^D /, ""); print }' | sudo -S -v
OPTION ttyname=$TTY
OPTION lc-ctype=$LANG
SETTITLE Super user privileges required
SETDESC Sudo execution of Tomb ${OLDARGS[@]}
SETPROMPT Insert your USER password:
GETPIN
EOF
            fi
        else
            _verbose "Escalating privileges using sudo-pwd."
            sudo -S -v <<<`option_value --sudo-pwd`
        fi
        sudo "${TOMBEXEC}" -U ${UID} -G ${GID} -T ${TTY} "${(@)OLDARGS}"
        exit $?
    fi # are we root already

    # make sure necessary kernel modules are loaded
    modprobe dm_mod
    modprobe dm_crypt

    return 0
}

# check if a filename is a valid tomb
is_valid_tomb() {
    _verbose "is_valid_tomb ::1 tomb file::" $1
    # argument check
    { test "$1" = "" } && {
        _warning "Tomb file is missing from arguments."; return 1 }
    # file checks
    { test -r "$1" } || {
        _warning "Tomb file not found: ::1 tomb file::" $1; return 1 }
    { test -f "$1" } || {
        _warning "Tomb file is not a regular file: ::1 tomb file::" $1; return 1 }
    { test -s "$1" } || {
        _warning "Tomb file is empty (zero length): ::1 tomb file::" $1; return 1 }
    { test -w "$1" } || {
        _warning "Tomb file is not writable: ::1 tomb file::" $1; return 1 }

    # check file type (if its a Luks fs)
    file "$1" | grep -i "luks encrypted file" > /dev/null || {
        _warning "File is not yet a tomb: ::1 tomb file::" $1}

    # check if its already open
    tombfile=`basename $1`
    tombname=${tombfile%%\.*}
    mount -l | grep "${tombfile}.*\[$tombname\]$" > /dev/null
    { test $? = 0 } && {
        _warning "Tomb is currently in use: ::1 tomb name::" $tombname; return 1 }
    _message "Valid tomb file found: ::1 tomb file::" $1
    return 0
}

# $1 is the tomb file to be lomounted
lo_mount() {
    tpath="$1"
    is_valid_tomb "$tpath" || {
        _failure "Loopback mount called on invalid tomb: ::1 path::" $tpath }

    # check if we have support for loop mounting
    losetup -f >& -
    [[ $? = 0 ]] || {
        _warning "Loop mount of volumes is not possible on this machine, this error"
        _warning "often occurs on VPS and kernels that don't provide the loop module."
        _warning "It is impossible to use Tomb on this machine at this conditions."
        _failure "Operation aborted."
    }

    _nstloop=`losetup -f` # get the number for next loopback device

    losetup -f "$tpath" >& - # allocates the next loopback for our file

    tomb_loopdevs+=("$_nstloop") # add to array of lodevs used

    return 0
}

# print out latest loopback mounted
lo_new() { print - "${tomb_loopdevs[${#tomb_loopdevs}]}" }

# $1 is the path to the lodev to be preserved after quit
lo_preserve() {
    _verbose "lo_preserve on ::1 path::" $1
    # remove the lodev from the tomb_lodevs array
    tomb_loopdevs=("${(@)tomb_loopdevs:#$1}")
}

# eventually used for debugging
dump_secrets() {
    _verbose "tomb_file: ::1 tomb file::" $tomb_file
    _verbose "tomb_key: ::1 key:: chars long" ${#tomb_key}
    _verbose "tomb_key_file: ::1 key::" $tomb_key_file
    _verbose "tomb_secret: ::1 secret:: chars long" ${#tomb_secret}
    _verbose "tomb_password: ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_password

    _verbose "tomb_tempfiles: ::1 temp files::" ${(@)tomb_tempfiles}
    _verbose "tomb_loopdevs: ::1 loopdevs::" ${(@)tomb_loopdevs}
}
# }}}

# {{{ Commandline interaction

usage() {
_print "Syntax: tomb [options] command [arguments]"
_print "\000"
_print "Commands:"
_print "\000"
_print " // Creation:"
_print " dig     create a new empty TOMB file of size -s in MB"
_print " forge   create a new KEY file and set its password"
_print " lock    installs a lock on a TOMB to use it with KEY"
_print "\000"
_print " // Operations on tombs:"
_print " open    open an existing TOMB"
_print " index   update the search indexes of tombs"
_print " search  looks for filenames matching text patterns"
_print " list    list of open TOMBs and information on them"
_print " close   close a specific TOMB (or 'all')"
_print " slam    slam a TOMB killing all programs using it"
    if [ "$RESIZER" = 1 ]; then
_print " resize  resize a TOMB to a new size -s (can only grow)"
    fi
_print "\000"
_print " // Operations on keys:"
_print " passwd  change the password of a KEY"
_print " setkey  change the KEY locking a TOMB (needs old one)"
_print "\000"
    { test "$QRENCODE" = "1" } && {
_print " engrave makes a QR code of a KEY to be saved on paper"
    }
_print "\000"
    if [ "$STEGHIDE" = 1 ]; then
_print " bury    hide a KEY inside a JPEG image"
_print " exhume  extract a KEY from a JPEG image"
    fi
_print "\000"
_print "Options:"
_print "\000"
_print " -s     size of the tomb file when creating/resizing one (in MB)"
_print " -k     path to the key to be used ('-k -' to read from stdin)"
_print " -n     don't process the hooks found in tomb"
_print " -o     mount options used to open (default: rw,noatime,nodev)"
_print " -f     force operation (i.e. even if swap is active)"
    { test "$KDF" = 1 } && {
_print " --kdf  generate passwords armored against dictionary attacks"
    }

_print "\000"
_print " -h     print this help"
_print " -v     print version, license and list of available ciphers"
_print " -q     run quietly without printing informations"
_print " -D     print debugging information at runtime"
_print "\000"
_print "For more informations on Tomb read the manual: man tomb"
_print "Please report bugs on <http://github.com/dyne/tomb/issues>."
}


# Check an option
option_is_set() {
    # First argument, the commandline flag (i.e. "-s").
    # Second (optional) argument: if "out", command will print it out 'set'/'unset'
    # (useful for if conditions).
    # Return 0 if is set, 1 otherwise
    [[ -n ${(k)opts[$1]} ]];
    r=$?
    if [[ $2 == out ]]; then
        if [[ $r == 0 ]]; then
            echo 'set'
        else
            echo 'unset'
        fi
    fi
    return $r;
}

# Get an option value
option_value() {
    # First argument, the commandline flag (i.e. "-s").
    print -n - "${opts[$1]}"
}

# Messaging function with pretty coloring
function _msg() {
    local msg="$(gettext -s "$2")"
    for i in $(seq 3 ${#});
    do
        msg=${(S)msg//::$(($i - 2))*::/$*[$i]}
    done

    local command="print -P"
    local progname="$fg[magenta]${TOMBEXEC##*/}$reset_color"
    local message="$fg_bold[normal]$fg_no_bold[normal]$msg$reset_color"
    local -i returncode

    case "$1" in
        inline)
            command+=" -n"; pchars=" > "; pcolor="yellow"
            ;;
        message)
            pchars=" . "; pcolor="white"; message="$fg_no_bold[$pcolor]$msg$reset_color"
            ;;
        verbose)
            pchars="[D]"; pcolor="blue"
            ;;
        success)
            pchars="(*)"; pcolor="green"; message="$fg_no_bold[$pcolor]$msg$reset_color"
            ;;
        warning)
            pchars="[W]"; pcolor="yellow"; message="$fg_no_bold[$pcolor]$msg$reset_color"
            ;;
        failure)
            pchars="[E]"; pcolor="red"; message="$fg_no_bold[$pcolor]$msg$reset_color"
            returncode=1
            ;;
        print)
            progname=""
            ;;
        *)
            pchars="[F]"; pcolor="red"
            message="Developer oops!  Usage: _msg MESSAGE_TYPE \"MESSAGE_CONTENT\""
            returncode=127
            ;;
    esac
    ${=command} "${progname} $fg_bold[$pcolor]$pchars$reset_color ${message}$color[reset_color]" >&2
    return $returncode
}

function _message say() {
    local notice="message"
    [[ "$1" = "-n" ]] && shift && notice="inline"
    option_is_set -q || _msg "$notice" $@
    return 0
}

function _verbose xxx() {
    option_is_set -D && _msg verbose $@
    return 0
}

function _success yes() {
    option_is_set -q || _msg success $@
    return 0
}

function _warning  no() {
    option_is_set -q || _msg warning $@
    return 1
}

function _failure die() {
    typeset -i exitcode=${exitv:-1}
    option_is_set -q || _msg failure $@
    # be sure we forget the secrets we were told
    exit $exitcode
}

function _print() {
    option_is_set -q || _msg print $@
    return 0
}

# Print out progress to inform GUI caller applications (--batch mode)
progress() {
    #      $1 is "what is progressing"
    #      $2 is "percentage"
    #      $3 is (eventually blank) status
    #      Example: if creating a tomb, it could be sth like
    #          progress create 0 filling with random data
    #          progress create 40 generating key
    #          progress keygen 0 please move the mouse
    #          progress keygen 30 please move the mouse
    #          progress keygen 60 please move the mouse
    #          progress keygen 100 key generated
    #          progress create 80 please enter password
    #          progress create 90 formatting the tomb
    #          progress create 100 tomb created successfully
    if ! option_is_set --batch; then
        return
    fi
    print "[m][P][$1][$2][$3]" >&2

}

# Check what's installed
check_bin() {
    # check for required programs
    for req in cryptsetup pinentry sudo gpg; do
        command -v $req >& - || exitv=1 _failure "Cannot find ::1::. It's a requirement to use Tomb, please install it." $req
    done

    export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

    # which dd command to use
    command -v dcfldd >& -
    { test $? = 0 } && { DD="dcfldd statusinterval=1" }

    # which wipe command to use
    command -v wipe >& - && WIPE="wipe -f -s" || WIPE="rm -f"

    # check for filesystem creation progs
    command -v mkfs.ext4 >& - && \
        MKFS="mkfs.ext4 -q -F -j -L" || \
        MKFS="mkfs.ext3 -q -F -j -L"

    # check for steghide
    command -v steghide >& - || STEGHIDE=0
    # check for resize
    command -v e2fsck resize2fs >& - || RESIZER=0
    # check for KDF auxiliary tools
    command -v tomb-kdb-pbkdf2 >& - || KDF=0
    # check for Swish-E file content indexer
    command -v swish-e >& - || SWISH=0
    # check for QREncode for paper backups of keys
    command -v qrencode >& - || QRENCODE=0
}

# }}} - Commandline interaction

# {{{ Key operations

# $1 is the encrypted key contents we are checking
is_valid_key() {
    _verbose "is_valid_key"
    _key="$1"
    # argument check
    { test "$_key" = "" } && { _key="$tomb_key" }
    { test "$_key" = "" } && {
        _warning "is_valid_key() called without argument."; return 1 }

    # if the key file is an image don't check file header
    { test -r "$tomb_key_file" } \
        && [[ `file "$tomb_key_file"` =~ "JP.G" ]] \
        && {
        _message "Key is an image, it might be valid."; return 0 }

    [[ "$_key" =~ "BEGIN PGP" ]] && {
        _message "Key is valid."; return 0 }

    return 1
}

# $1 is a string containing an encrypted key
recover_key() {
    _warning "Attempting key recovery."
    _key="$tomb_key"
    tomb_key=""

    [[ "$_key" =~ "_KDF_" ]] && {
        tomb_key+="`print - $_key | $head -n 1`\n" }

    tomb_key+="-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----\n"
    tomb_key+="$_key\n"
    tomb_key+="-----END PGP MESSAGE-----\n"
    return 0
}

# This function retrieves a tomb key specified on commandline or from
# stdin if -k - was selected.  It also runs validity checks on the
# file. On success returns 0 and prints out the full path to
# the key, setting globals: $tomb_key_file and $tomb_key
load_key() {
    # take the name of a tomb file as argument to option -k
    # if no argument is given, tomb{key|dir|file} are set by caller
    local keyopt
    [[ "$1" = "" ]]      || { keyopt="$1" }
    [[ "$keyopt" = "" ]] && { keyopt="`option_value -k`" }
    [[ "$keyopt" = "" ]] && {
        _failure "This operation requires a key file to be specified using the -k option." }

    if [[ "$keyopt" == "-" ]]; then
        _verbose "load_key reading from stdin."
        # take key from stdin
        _message "Waiting for the key to be piped from stdin... "
        tomb_key_file=stdin
        tomb_key=`cat`
    else
        _verbose "load_key argument: ::1 opt::" $keyopt
        # take key from a file
        tomb_key_file="$keyopt"
        { test -r "${tomb_key_file}" } || {
            _warning "Key not found, specify one using -k."
            return 1}
        tomb_key=`cat $tomb_key_file`
    fi

    _verbose "load_key: ::1 key::" $tomb_key_file

    is_valid_key "${tomb_key}" || {
        _warning "The key seems invalid or its format is not known by this version of Tomb."
        # try recovering the key
        recover_key "$tomb_key"
    }

    # declared tomb_key (contents)
    # declared tomb_key_file (path)
    return 0
}

# takes two args just like get_lukskey
# prints out the decrypted content
# contains tweaks for different gpg versions
gpg_decrypt() {
    # fix for gpg 1.4.11 where the --status-* options don't work ;^/
    gpgver=`gpg --version --no-permission-warning | awk '/^gpg/ {print $3}'`
    gpgpass="$1\n$tomb_key"

    if [ "$gpgver" = "1.4.11" ]; then
        _verbose "GnuPG is version 1.4.11 - adopting status fix."

        tomb_secret=`print - "$gpgpass" | \
            gpg --batch --passphrase-fd 0 --no-tty --no-options"`
        ret=$?
        unset gpgpass

    else # using status-file in gpg != 1.4.11

        # TODO: use mkfifo
        tmp_create
        _status=`tmp_new`

        tomb_secret=`print - "$gpgpass" | \
            gpg --batch --passphrase-fd 0 --no-tty --no-options \
            --status-fd 2 --no-mdc-warning --no-permission-warning \
            --no-secmem-warning 2> $_status`

        unset gpgpass
        grep 'DECRYPTION_OKAY' $_status > /dev/null
        ret=$?

    fi
    return $ret

}


# Gets a key file and a password, prints out the decoded contents to
# be used directly by Luks as a cryptographic key
get_lukskey() {
# $1 is the password
    _verbose "get_lukskey"

    _password="$1"

    exhumedkey=""

    firstline=`head -n1 <<< "$tomb_key"`

    # key is KDF encoded
    if [[ $firstline =~ '^_KDF_' ]]; then
        _verbose "KDF: ::1 kdf::" $(cut -d_ -f 3 <<<$firstline)
        case `cut -d_ -f 3 <<<$firstline` in
            pbkdf2sha1)
                pbkdf2_param=`cut -d_ -f 4- <<<$firstline | tr '_' ' '`
                _password=$(tomb-kdb-pbkdf2 ${=pbkdf2_param} 2>/dev/null <<<$_password)
                ;;
            *)
                _failure "No suitable program for KDF ::1 program::." $(cut -f 3 <<<$firstline)
                unset _password
                return 1
                ;;
        esac

    # key needs to be exhumed from an image
    elif [ -r "$tomb_key_file" ] \
        && [[ `file "$tomb_key_file"` =~ "JP.G" ]]; then

        exhume_key "$tomb_key_file" "$_password"

    fi

    gpg_decrypt "$_password" # saves decrypted content into $tomb_secret

    ret="$?"

    _verbose "get_lukskey returns ::1::" $ret
    return $ret
}

# This function asks the user for the password to use the key it tests
# it against the return code of gpg on success returns 0 and saves
# the password in the global variable $tomb_password
ask_key_password() {
    [[ "$tomb_key_file" = "" ]] && {
        _failure "Internal error: ask_key_password() called before load_key()." }

    keyname="$tomb_key_file"
    _message "A password is required to use key ::1 key::" $keyname
    passok=0
    tombpass=""
    if [[ "$1" = "" ]]; then
        for c in 1 2 3; do
            if [[ $c = 1 ]]; then
                tombpass=`exec_as_user ${TOMBEXEC} askpass "Insert password to use key: $keyname"`
            else
                tombpass=`exec_as_user ${TOMBEXEC} askpass "Insert password to use key: $keyname (retry $c)"`
            fi
            if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
                _warning "User aborted password dialog."
                return 1
            fi

            get_lukskey "$tombpass"

            if [ $? = 0 ]; then
                passok=1; _message "Password OK."
                break;
            fi
        done

    else
        # if a second argument is present then the password is already known
        tombpass="$1"
        _verbose "ask_key_password with tombpass: ::1 tomb pass::" $tombpass

        get_lukskey "$tombpass"

        if [ $? = 0 ]; then
            passok=1; _message "Password OK."; fi

    fi
    # print the password out in case caller needs to know it
    { test "$passok" = "1" } || { return 1 }

    tomb_password="$tombpass"
    return 0
}

# change tomb key password
change_passwd() {
    _check_swap

    load_key
    keyfile="$tomb_key_file"

    _message "Commanded to change password for tomb key ::1 key::" $keyfile

    local tmpnewkey lukskey c tombpass tombpasstmp

    tmp_create
    tmpnewkey=`tmp_new`

    if option_is_set --tomb-old-pwd; then
        tomb_old_pwd="`option_value --tomb-old-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-old-pwd = ::1 old pass::" $tomb_old_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_old_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi

    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied." }

    _success "Changing password for ::1 key file::" $keyfile

    # here $tomb_secret contains the key material in clear

    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_new_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 new pass::" $tomb_new_pwd
        gen_key "$tomb_new_pwd" >> "$tmpnewkey"
    else
        gen_key >> "$tmpnewkey"
    fi

    if ! is_valid_key "`cat $tmpnewkey`"; then
        _failure "Error: the newly generated keyfile does not seem valid."
    else
        # copy the new key as the original keyfile name
        cp -f "${tmpnewkey}" "${keyfile}"
        _success "Your passphrase was successfully updated."

    fi
    return 0
}


# takes care to encrypt a key
# honored options: --kdf  --tomb-pwd -o
gen_key() {
# $1 the password to use, if not set then ask user
# -o is the --cipher-algo to use (string taken by GnuPG)
    local algopt="`option_value -o`"
    local algo="${algopt:-AES256}"
    # here user is prompted for key password
    tombpass=""
    tombpasstmp=""

    if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        while true; do
            # 3 tries to write two times a matching password
            tombpass=`exec_as_user ${TOMBEXEC} askpass "Type the new password to secure your key"`
            if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
                _failure "User aborted."
            fi
            if [ -z $tombpass ]; then
                _warning "You set empty password, which is not possible."
                continue
            fi
            tombpasstmp=$tombpass
            tombpass=`exec_as_user ${TOMBEXEC} askpass "Type the new password to secure your key (again)"`
            if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
                _failure "User aborted."
            fi
            if [ "$tombpasstmp" = "$tombpass" ]; then
                break;
            fi
            unset tombpasstmp
            unset tombpass
        done
    else
        tombpass="$1"
        _verbose "gen_key takes tombpass from CLI argument: ::1 tomb pass::" $tombpass
    fi

    header=""
    { test "$KDF" = 1 } && {
        { option_is_set --kdf } && {
    # KDF is a new key strenghtening technique against brute forcing
    # see: https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/issues/82
            itertime="`option_value --kdf`"
        # removing support of floating points because they can't be type checked well
            if [[ "$itertime" != <-> ]]; then
                unset tombpass
                unset tombpasstmp
                _failure "Wrong argument for --kdf: must be an integer number (iteration seconds)."
            fi
            # --kdf takes one parameter: iter time (on present machine) in seconds
            local -i microseconds
            microseconds=$(( itertime * 10000 ))
            _success "Using KDF, iterations: ::1 microseconds::" $microseconds
            _message "generating salt"
            pbkdf2_salt=`tomb-kdb-pbkdf2-gensalt`
            _message "calculating iterations"
            pbkdf2_iter=`tomb-kdb-pbkdf2-getiter $microseconds`
            _message "encoding the password"
            # We use a length of 64bytes = 512bits (more than needed!?)
            tombpass=`tomb-kdb-pbkdf2 $pbkdf2_salt $pbkdf2_iter 64 <<<"${tombpass}"`

            header="_KDF_pbkdf2sha1_${pbkdf2_salt}_${pbkdf2_iter}_64\n"
        }
    }


    print $header

    # TODO: check result of gpg operation
    cat <<EOF | gpg --openpgp --force-mdc --cipher-algo ${algo} \
        --batch --no-options --no-tty --passphrase-fd 0 --status-fd 2 \
        -o - -c -a
${tombpass}
${tomb_secret}
EOF
    # print -n "${tombpass}" \
    #     | gpg --openpgp --force-mdc --cipher-algo ${algo} \
    #     --batch --no-options --no-tty --passphrase-fd 0 --status-fd 2 \
    #     -o - -c -a ${lukskey}

    # update global var
    tomb_password="$tombpass"
    unset tombpass
    unset tombpasstmp
}

# prints an array of ciphers available in gnupg (to encrypt keys)
list_gnupg_ciphers() {
    # prints an error if GnuPG is not found
    which gpg >& - || _failure "gpg (GnuPG) is not found, Tomb cannot function without it."

    ciphers=(`gpg --version | awk '
BEGIN { ciphers=0 }
/^Cipher:/ { gsub(/,/,""); sub(/^Cipher:/,""); print; ciphers=1; next }
/^Hash:/ { ciphers=0 }
{ if(ciphers==0) { next } else { gsub(/,/,""); print; } }
'`)
    echo " ${ciphers}"
    return 1
}

# Steganographic function to bury a key inside an image.
# Requires steghide(1) to be installed
bury_key() {
    load_key
    [[ $? = 0 ]] || {
       _failure "Bury failed for invalid key: ::1 key::" $tomb_key_file }

    imagefile=$PARAM

    file $imagefile | grep -i JPEG > /dev/null
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
       _warning "Encode failed: ::1 image file:: is not a jpeg image." $imagefile
       return 1
    fi

    _success "Encoding key ::1 tomb key:: inside image ::2 image file::" $tomb_key $imagefile
    _message "Please confirm the key password for the encoding"
    # We ask the password and test if it is the same encoding the
    # base key, to insure that the same password is used for the
    # encryption and the steganography. This is a standard enforced
    # by Tomb, but its not strictly necessary (and having different
    # password would enhance security). Nevertheless here we prefer
    # usability.

    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _warning "Wrong password supplied."
        _failure "You shall not bury a key whose password is unknown to you."
    }

    # we omit armor strings since having them as constants can give
    # ground to effective attacks on steganography
    print - "$tomb_key" | awk '
/^-----/ {next}
/^Version/ {next}
{print $0}' \
    | steghide embed --embedfile - --coverfile ${imagefile} \
    -p ${tomb_password} -z 9 -e serpent cbc
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
       _warning "Encoding error: steghide reports problems."
       res=1
    else
       _success "Tomb key encoded succesfully into image ::1 image file::" $imagefile
       res=0
    fi

    return $res
}

# mandatory 1st arg: the image file where key is supposed to be
# optional 2nd arg: the password to use (same as key, internal use)
# optional 3rd arg: the key where to save the result (- for stdout)
exhume_key() {

    imagefile="$1"
    res=1

    knownpass="$2"

    destkey="$3"
    [[ "$destkey" = "" ]] && {
        destkey="`option_value -k`"
        { test "$destkey" = "" } && {
            # no key output specified: fallback to stdout
            destkey="-"
            _message "printing exhumed key on stdout" }
    }

    { test -r "$imagefile" } || {
        _failure "Exhume failed, image file not found: ::1 image file::" $imagefile }

    [[ `file "$imagefile"` =~ "JP.G" ]] || {
        _failure "Exhume failed: ::1 image file:: is not a jpeg image." $imagefile }

    # when a password is passed as argument then always print out
    # the exhumed key on stdout without further checks (internal use)
    { test "$knownpass" = "" } || {
        tomb_key=`steghide extract -sf "$imagefile" -p "$knownpass" -xf -`
        { test $? = 0 } || {
            _failure "Wrong password or no steganographic key found" }

        recover_key "$tomb_key"
        return 0
    }

    { test "$destkey" = "-" } || {
        if [[ -s "$destkey" ]]; then
            _warning "File exists: ::1 tomb key::" $destkey
            { option_is_set -f } || {
                _warning "Make explicit use of --force to overwrite."
                _failure "Refusing to overwrite file. Operation aborted." }
            _warning "Use of --force selected: overwriting."
            rm -f ${destkey}
        fi
    }

    _message "Trying to exhume a key out of image ::1 image file::" $imagefile
    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tombpass="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tombpass
    elif [[ "$tomb_password" != "" ]]; then
        # password is known already
        tombpass="$tomb_password"
    else
        tombpass=`exec_as_user ${TOMBEXEC} askpass "Insert password to exhume key from $imagefile"`
        if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
            _warning "User aborted password dialog."
            return 1
        fi
    fi

    # always steghide required
    steghide extract -sf ${imagefile} -p ${tombpass} -xf ${destkey}
    res=$?

    unset tombpass

    [[ "$destkey" = "-" ]] && { destkey="stdout" }
    if [ $res = 0 ]; then
        _success "Key succesfully exhumed to ::1 key::." $destkey
    else
        _warning "Nothing found in ::1 image file::" $imagefile
    fi

    return $res
}

# Produces a printable image of the key contents so that it can be
# backuped on paper and hidden in books etc.
engrave_key() {
    # load key from options
    load_key
    tombkey="$tomb_key_file"
    { test $? = 0 } || { _failure "No key specified." }
    keyname=`basename $tombkey`
    pngname="$keyname.qr.png"

    _success "Rendering a printable QRCode for key: ::1 tomb key::" $tombkey
    # we omit armor strings to save space
    awk '
/^-----/ {next}
/^Version/ {next}
{print $0}' ${tombkey} | qrencode --size 4 --level H \
    --casesensitive -o "$pngname"
    { test $? = 0 } || { _failure "QREncode reported an error." }
    _success "Operation successful:"
    ls -lh $pngname
    file $pngname
}

# }}} - Key handling

# {{{ Create

# This is a new way to create tombs which dissects the whole create_tomb() into 3 clear steps:
#
# * dig a .tomb (the large file) using /dev/urandom (takes some minutes at least)
#
# * forge a .key (the small file) using /dev/random (good entropy needed)
#
# * lock the .tomb file with the key, binding the key to the tomb (requires dm_crypt format)


forge_key() {
    # can be specified both as simple argument or using -k
    destkey="$1"
    { option_is_set -k } && { destkey="`option_value -k`" }

    { test "$destkey" = "" } && {
        _warning "A filename needs to be specified using -k to forge a new key."
        return 1 }

    _message "Commanded to forge key ::1 key::" $destkey
    _check_swap


    # make sure that gnupg doesn't quits with an error before first run
    { test -r $HOME/.gnupg/pubring.gpg } || {
        mkdir $HOME/.gnupg
        touch $HOME/.gnupg/pubring.gpg }

    { test -r "$destkey" } && {
        _warning "Forging this key would overwrite an existing file. Operation aborted."
        _failure "`ls -lh $destkey`"    }

    { option_is_set -o } && { algopt="`option_value -o`" }
    algo=${algopt:-AES256}

    _message "Commanded to forge key ::1 key:: with cipher algorithm ::2 algorithm::" $destkey $algo

    tomb_key_file="$destkey"

    _message "This operation takes time, keep using this computer on other tasks,"
    _message "once done you will be asked to choose a password for your tomb."
    _message "To make it faster you can move the mouse around."
    _message "If you are on a server, you can use an Entropy Generation Daemon."

    local random_source=/dev/random
    if option_is_set --use-urandom; then
        random_source=/dev/urandom
    fi

    _verbose "Data dump using ::1:: from ::2 source::" ${DD[1]} $random_source
    tomb_secret=`${=DD} bs=1 count=256 if=$random_source`
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _warning "Cannot generate encryption key."
        _failure "Operation aborted." }

    # here the global var tomb_secret contains the nude secret

    _success "Choose the  password of your key: ::1 tomb key::" $tomb_key_file
    _message "(You can also change it later using 'tomb passwd'.)"
    touch ${tomb_key_file}
    chown ${_uid}:${_gid} ${tomb_key_file}
    chmod 0600 ${tomb_key_file}

    tombname="$tomb_key_file"
    # the gen_key() function takes care of the new key's encryption
    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_new_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 new pass::" $tomb_new_pwd
        gen_key "$tomb_new_pwd" >> "$tomb_key_file"
    else
        gen_key >> "$tomb_key_file"
    fi

    # load the key contents
    tomb_key=`cat "$tomb_key_file"`

    # this does a check on the file header
    is_valid_key "${tomb_key}" || {
        _warning "The key does not seem to be valid."
        _warning "Dumping contents to screen:"
        cat ${tombkey}
        _warning "--"
        umount ${keytmp}
        rm -r $keytmp
        _failure "Operation aborted."
    }

    _message "Done forging ::1 key::" $tomb_key_file
    _success "Your key is ready:"
    ls -lh ${tomb_key_file}
}

# Dig a tomb, means that it will create an empty file to be formatted
# as a loopback filesystem. Initially the file is filled with random data
# taken from /dev/urandom which improves the tomb's overall security
dig_tomb() {
    _message "Commanded to dig tomb ::1 tomb name::" $1
    if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        _warning "No tomb name specified for creation."
        return 1
    fi

    _check_swap

    tombfile=`basename $1`
    tombdir=`dirname $1`
    # make sure the file has a .tomb extension
    tombname=${tombfile%%\.*}
    tombfile=${tombname}.tomb

    # require the specification of the size of the tomb (-s) in MB
    tombsize="`option_value -s`"

    [ $tombsize ] || _failure "Size argument missing, use -s"

    [[ $tombsize != <-> ]] && _failure "Size argument is not an integer."

    [[ $tombsize -lt 10 ]] && _failure "Tombs can't be smaller than 10 megabytes."

    if [ -e ${tombdir}/${tombfile} ]; then
        _warning "A tomb exists already. I'm not digging here:"
        _warning " `ls -lh ${tombdir}/${tombfile}`"
        return 1
    fi

    _success "Creating a new tomb in ::1 tomb dir::/::2 tomb file::" $tombdir $tombfile

    _message "Generating ::1 tomb file:: of ::2 size::MiB" $tombfile $tombsize
    # we will first touch the file and set permissions: this way, even if interrupted, permissions are right
    touch ${tombdir}/${tombfile}
    chmod 0600 "${tombdir}/${tombfile}"
    chown $_uid:$_gid "${tombdir}/${tombfile}"

    _verbose "Data dump using ::1:: from /dev/urandom" ${DD[1]}

    ${=DD} if=/dev/urandom bs=1048576 count=${tombsize} of=${tombdir}/${tombfile}

    if [ $? = 0 -a -e ${tombdir}/${tombfile} ]; then
        _message " `ls -lh ${tombdir}/${tombfile}`"
    else
        _failure "Error creating the tomb ::1 tomb dir::/::2 tomb file::, operation aborted." $tombdir $tombfile
    fi

    _success "Done digging ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
    _message "Your tomb is not yet ready, you need to forge a key and lock it:"
    _message "tomb forge ::1 tomb name::.tomb.key" $tombname
    _message "tomb lock ::1 tomb name::.tomb -k ::1 tomb name::.tomb.key" $tombname
}


# this function locks a tomb with a key file
# in fact LUKS formatting the loopback volume
# it take arguments as the LUKS cipher to be used
lock_tomb_with_key() {
    if ! [ $1 ]; then
        _warning "No tomb specified for locking."
        _warning "Usage: tomb lock file.tomb file.tomb.key"
        return 1
    fi

    tombpath="$1"
    tombdir=`dirname "$tombpath"`
    tombfile=`basename "$tombpath"`
    tombname="${tombfile%%\.*}"

    _message "Commanded to lock tomb ::1 tomb file::" $tombfile

    { test -f ${tombdir}/${tombfile} } || {
        _failure "There is no tomb here. You have to it dig first."
        return 1 }

    _verbose "Tomb found: ::1 tomb dir::/::2 tomb file::" $tombdir $tombfile

    lo_mount "${tombdir}/${tombfile}"
    nstloop=`lo_new`

    _verbose "Loop mounted on ::1 mount point::" $nstloop

    _message "Checking if the tomb is empty (we never step on somebody else's bones)."
    cryptsetup isLuks ${nstloop}
    if [ $? = 0 ]; then
        # is it a LUKS encrypted nest? then bail out and avoid reformatting it
        _warning "The tomb was already locked with another key."
        _failure "Operation aborted. I cannot lock an already locked tomb. Go dig a new one."
    else
        _message "Fine, this tomb seems empty."
    fi

    # load key from options or file
    load_key

    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Aborting operations: error loading key." }
        # make sure to call drop_key later

    # the encryption cipher for a tomb can be set when locking using -o
    if option_is_set -o; then
        cipher="`option_value -o`"
    else
        cipher="aes-xts-plain64:sha256"
        # old default was aes-cbc-essiv:sha256
        # for more alternatives refer to cryptsetup(8)
    fi
    _message "Locking using cipher: ::1 cipher::" $cipher

    # get the pass from the user and check it
    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied." }

    _success "Locking ::1 tomb file:: with ::2 tomb key::" $tombfile $tomb_key_file

    _message "Formatting Luks mapped device."
    print -n - "$tomb_secret" | \
        cryptsetup --key-file -   --batch-mode \
        --cipher ${cipher} --key-size 256 --key-slot 0 \
        luksFormat ${nstloop}
    if ! [ $? = 0 ]; then
        _warning "cryptsetup luksFormat returned an error."
        _failure "Operation aborted."
    fi

    print -n - "$tomb_secret" | \
        cryptsetup --key-file - \
        --cipher ${cipher} luksOpen ${nstloop} tomb.tmp
    if ! [ $? = 0 ]; then
        _warning "cryptsetup luksOpen returned an error."
        _failure "Operation aborted."
    fi

    _message "Formatting your Tomb with Ext3/Ext4 filesystem."
    ${=MKFS} ${tombname} /dev/mapper/tomb.tmp

    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        _warning "Tomb format returned an error."
        _warning "Your tomb ::1 tomb file:: may be corrupted." $tombfile
    fi

    # sync

    cryptsetup luksClose tomb.tmp

    _message "Done locking ::1 tomb name:: using Luks dm-crypt ::2 cipher::" $tombname $cipher
    _success "Your tomb is ready in ::1 tomb dir::/::2 tomb file:: and secured with key ::3 tomb key::" $tombdir $tombfile $tomb_key_file

}

# This function changes the key that locks a tomb
change_tomb_key() {
    _message "Commanded to reset key for tomb ::1 tomb name::" $2

    _check_swap

    [[ "$2" = "" ]] && {
        _warning "Command 'setkey' needs two arguments: the old key file and the tomb."
        _warning "I.e:  tomb -k new.tomb.key old.tomb.key secret.tomb"
        _failure "Execution aborted."
    }

    lo_mount "$2"
    nstloop=`lo_new`
    cryptsetup isLuks ${nstloop}
    # is it a LUKS encrypted nest? we check one more time
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Not a valid LUKS encrypted volume: ::1 volume::" $2 }


    load_key "$1"
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Aborting operations: error loading old key from arguments" }
    old_key="$tomb_key"
    old_key_file="$tomb_key_file"

    # we have everything, prepare to mount
    _success "Changing lock on tomb ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
    _message "Old key: ::1 old key::" $old_key

    # render the mapper
    mapdate=`date +%s`
    # save date of mount in minutes since 1970
    mapper="tomb.${tombname}.${mapdate}.`basename $nstloop`"

    # load the old key
    if option_is_set --tomb-old-pwd; then
        tomb_old_pwd="`option_value --tomb-old-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-old-pwd = ::1 old pass::" $tomb_old_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_old_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied for the old key." }
    old_secret="$tomb_secret"

    # luksOpen the tomb (not really mounting, just on the loopback)
    print -n - "$old_secret" | \
        cryptsetup --key-file - luksOpen ${nstloop} ${mapper}
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Unexpected error in luksOpen." }

    load_key
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Aborting operations: error loading new key from -k" }
    new_key="$tomb_key"
    new_key_file="$tomb_key_file"
    _message "New key: ::1 key::" $new_key_file

    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_new_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_new_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_new_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied for the new key." }
    new_secret="$tomb_secret"

    # danger zone: due to cryptsetup limitations, in setkey we need
    # to write the bare unencrypted key on the tmpfs.
    tmp_create
    new_secret_file=`tmp_new`
    print -n - "$new_secret" >> $new_secret_file
    print -n - "$old_secret"| \
        cryptsetup --key-file - luksChangeKey "$nstloop" "$new_secret_file"
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Unexpected error in luksChangeKey." }

    unset old_key

    cryptsetup luksClose "${mapper}"
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Unexpected error in luksClose." }

    _success "Succesfully changed key for tomb: ::1 tomb file::" $2
    _message "The new key is: ::1 new key::" $new_key

    unset new_key

    return 0
}

# backward compatibility
create_tomb() {
    _verbose "create_tomb(): ::1:: ::2::" ${=@} ${=OLDARGS}
    [[ "$1" = "" ]] && {
        _warning "No tomb name specified for creation."
        return 1 }

    { test -s "$1" } && {
        _warning "Creating this tomb would overwrite an existing file."
        ls -lh "$1"
        _failure " Operation aborted." }

    tombfile=`basename $1`
    tombdir=`dirname $1`
    # make sure the file has a .tomb extension
    tombname=${tombfile%%\.*}
    tombfile=${tombname}.tomb

    ${TOMBEXEC} dig ${=PARAM}
    ${TOMBEXEC} forge ${tombdir}/${tombfile}.key
    { test $? = 0 } || { _failure "Failed to forge key, operation aborted." }

    ${TOMBEXEC} lock ${tombdir}/${tombfile} -k ${tombdir}/${tombfile}.key
    { test $? = 0 } || { _failure "Failed to lock tomb with key, operation aborted." }

    _success "Tomb ::1 tomb name:: succesfully created." $tombname
    ls -l ${tombfile}*
}

# }}} - Creation

# {{{ Open

# $1 = tombfile $2(optional) = mountpoint
mount_tomb() {
    _message "Commanded to open tomb ::1 tomb name::" $1
    if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        _warning "No tomb name specified for opening."
        return 1
    fi

    _check_swap

    # set up variables to be used
    # the full path is made with $tombdir/$tombfile

    tombfile=`basename ${1}`
    tombdir=`dirname ${1}`
    # check file type (if its a Luks fs)
    file ${tombdir}/${tombfile} | \
        grep -i 'luks encrypted file' 2>&1 > /dev/null
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        _warning "::1 tomb file:: is not a valid tomb file, operation aborted." $1
        return 1
    fi
    tombname=${tombfile%%\.*}
    _verbose "Tomb found: ::1 tomb dir::/::2 tomb file::" $tombdir $tombfile

    # load_key called here
    load_key
    ########

    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Aborting operations: error loading key ::1 key::" $tombkey }

    if [ "$2" = "" ]; then
        tombmount=/media/${tombfile}
        _message "Mountpoint not specified, using default: ::1 mount point::" $tombmount
    else
        tombmount=$2
    fi

    # check if its already open
    mount -l | grep "${tombfile}.*\[$tombname\]$" 2>&1 > /dev/null
    if [ $? = 0 ]; then
        _warning "::1 tomb name:: is already open." $tombname
        _message "Here below its status is reported:"
        list_tombs ${tombname}
        return 0
    fi

    _success "Opening ::1 tomb file:: on ::2 mount point::" $tombfile $tombmount

    lo_mount "${tombdir}/${tombfile}"
    nstloop=`lo_new`

    cryptsetup isLuks ${nstloop}
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        # is it a LUKS encrypted nest? see cryptsetup(1)
        _warning "::1 tomb file:: is not a valid Luks encrypted storage file." $tombfile
        return 1
    fi
    _message "This tomb is a valid LUKS encrypted device."

    luksdump="`cryptsetup luksDump ${nstloop}`"
    tombdump=(`print $luksdump | awk '
        /^Cipher name/ {print $3}
        /^Cipher mode/ {print $3}
        /^Hash spec/   {print $3}'`)
    _message "Cipher is \"::1 cipher::\" mode \"::2 mode::\" hash \"::3 hash::\"" $tombdump[1] $tombdump[2] $tombdump[3]

    slotwarn=`print $luksdump | awk '
        BEGIN { zero=0 }
        /^Key slot 0/ { zero=1 }
        /^Key slot.*ENABLED/ { if(zero==1) print "WARN" }'`
    { test "$slotwarn" = "WARN" } && {
        _warning "Multiple key slots are enabled on this tomb. Beware: there can be a backdoor." }

    # save date of mount in minutes since 1970
    mapdate=`date +%s`

    mapper="tomb.${tombname}.${mapdate}.`basename $nstloop`"
    _verbose "dev mapper device: ::1 mapper::" $mapper
    _verbose "Tomb key: ::1 key::" $tomb_key_file

    # take the name only, strip extensions
    _verbose "Tomb name: ::1 tomb name:: (to be engraved)" $tombname

    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied." }

    print -n - "$tomb_secret" | \
        cryptsetup --key-file - luksOpen ${nstloop} ${mapper}

    if ! [ -r /dev/mapper/${mapper} ]; then
        _failure "Failure mounting the encrypted file."
    fi

    # preserve the loopdev after exit
    lo_preserve "$nstloop"

    # array: [ cipher, keysize, loopdevice ]
    tombstat=(`cryptsetup status ${mapper} | awk '
    /cipher:/  {print $2}
    /keysize:/ {print $2}
    /device:/  {print $2}'`)
    _success "Success unlocking tomb ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
    _verbose "Key size is ::1 size:: for cipher ::2 cipher::" $tombstat[2] $tombstat[1]

    _message "Checking filesystem via ::1::" $tombstat[3]
    fsck -p -C0 /dev/mapper/${mapper}
    _verbose "Tomb engraved as ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
    tune2fs -L ${tombname} /dev/mapper/${mapper} > /dev/null

    # we need root from here on
    mkdir -p $tombmount

    mount -o $MOUNTOPTS /dev/mapper/${mapper} ${tombmount}

    chown ${_uid}:${_gid} ${tombmount}
    chmod 0711 ${tombmount}

    _success "Success opening ::1 tomb file:: on ::2 mount point::" $tombfile $tombmount

    # print out when was opened the last time, by whom and where
    { test -r ${tombmount}/.last } && {
        tombtty="`cat ${tombmount}/.tty`"
        tombhost="`cat ${tombmount}/.host`"
        tombuid="`cat ${tombmount}/.uid`"
        tomblast="`cat ${tombmount}/.last`"
        tombuser=`awk -F: '/:'"$tombuid"':/ {print $1}' /etc/passwd`
        _message "Last visit by ::1 user::(::2 tomb build::) from ::3 tty:: on ::4 host::" $tombuser $tombuid $tombtty $tombhost
        _message "on date ::1 date::" $(date --date @$tomblast +%c)
    }
    # write down the UID and TTY that opened the tomb
    rm -f ${tombmount}/.uid
    echo ${_uid} > ${tombmount}/.uid
    rm -f ${tombmount}/.tty
    echo ${_tty} > ${tombmount}/.tty
    # also the hostname
    rm -f ${tombmount}/.host
    echo `hostname` > ${tombmount}/.host
    # and the "last time opened" information
    # in minutes since 1970, this is printed at next open
    rm -f ${tombmount}/.last
    echo "`date +%s`" > ${tombmount}/.last
    # human readable: date --date=@"`cat .last`" +%c


    # process bind-hooks (mount -o bind of directories)
    # and post-hooks (execute on open)
    if ! option_is_set -n ; then
        exec_safe_bind_hooks ${tombmount}
        exec_safe_post_hooks ${tombmount} open
    fi
    return 0
}

# ## Hooks execution
exec_safe_bind_hooks() {
    if [[ -n ${(k)opts[-o]} ]]; then
        MOUNTOPTS=${opts[-o]}
    fi
    local MOUNTPOINT="${1}"
    local ME=${SUDO_USER:-$(whoami)}
    local HOME=$(awk -v a="$ME" -F ':' '{if ($1 == a) print $6}' /etc/passwd 2>/dev/null)
    if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
        _warning "How pitiful!  A tomb, and no HOME."
        return 1
    fi
    if [ -z "$MOUNTPOINT" -o ! -d "$MOUNTPOINT" ]; then
        _warning "Cannot exec bind hooks without a mounted tomb."
        return 1
    fi
    if ! [ -r "$MOUNTPOINT/bind-hooks" ]; then
        _verbose "bind-hooks not found in ::1 mount point::" $MOUNTPOINT
        return 1
    fi
    typeset -al mounted
    typeset -Al maps
    maps=($(<"$MOUNTPOINT/bind-hooks"))
    for dir in ${(k)maps}; do
        if [ "${dir[1]}" = "/" -o "${dir[1,2]}" = ".." ]; then
            _warning "bind-hooks map format: local/to/tomb local/to/\$HOME"
            continue
        fi
        if [ "${${maps[$dir]}[1]}" = "/" -o "${${maps[$dir]}[1,2]}" = ".." ]; then
            _warning "bind-hooks map format: local/to/tomb local/to/\$HOME.  Rolling back"
            for dir in ${mounted}; do umount $dir; done
            return 1
        fi
        if [ ! -r "$HOME/${maps[$dir]}" ]; then
            _warning "bind-hook target not existent, skipping ::1 home::/::2 subdir::" $HOME ${maps[$dir]}
        elif [ ! -r "$MOUNTPOINT/$dir" ]; then
            _warning "bind-hook source not found in tomb, skipping ::1 mount point::/::2 subdir::" $MOUNTPOINT $dir
        else
            mount -o bind,$MOUNTOPTS $MOUNTPOINT/$dir $HOME/${maps[$dir]}
            mounted+=("$HOME/${maps[$dir]}")
        fi
    done
}

# Post mount hooks
exec_safe_post_hooks() {
    local mnt=$1 # first argument is where the tomb is mounted
    local ME=${SUDO_USER:-$(whoami)}
    if ! [ -x ${mnt}/post-hooks ]; then return; fi
    # if 'post-hooks' is found inside the tomb, check it: if it is an
    # executable, launch it as a user this might need a dialog for
    # security on what is being run, however we expect you know well
    # what is inside your tomb.  this feature opens the possibility to
    # make encrypted executables.
    cat ${mnt}/post-hooks | head -n1 | grep '^#!/'
    if [ $? = 0 ]; then
        _success "Post hooks found, executing as user ::1 user name::." $SUDO_USER
        exec_as_user ${mnt}/post-hooks "$2" "$1"
    fi
}

# }}} - Tomb open

# {{{ List

# list all tombs mounted in a readable format
# $1 is optional, to specify a tomb
list_tombs() {

    # list all open tombs
    mounted_tombs=(`list_tomb_mounts $1`)
    { test ${#mounted_tombs} = 0 } && {
        _failure "I can't see any ::1 status:: tomb, may they all rest in peace." ${1:-open} }

    for t in ${mounted_tombs}; do
        mapper=`basename ${t[(ws:;:)1]}`
        tombname=${t[(ws:;:)5]}
        tombmount=${t[(ws:;:)2]}
        tombfs=${t[(ws:;:)3]}
        tombfsopts=${t[(ws:;:)4]}
        tombloop=${mapper[(ws:.:)4]}

        # calculate tomb size
        ts=`df -hP /dev/mapper/$mapper |
    awk "/mapper/"' { print $2 ";" $3 ";" $4 ";" $5 }'`
        tombtot=${ts[(ws:;:)1]}
        tombused=${ts[(ws:;:)2]}
        tombavail=${ts[(ws:;:)3]}
        tombpercent=${ts[(ws:;:)4]}
        tombp=${tombpercent%%%}
        tombsince=`date --date=@${mapper[(ws:.:)3]} +%c`

        # find out who opens it from where
        { test -r ${tombmount}/.tty } && {
            tombtty="`cat ${tombmount}/.tty`"
            tombhost="`cat ${tombmount}/.host`"
            tombuid="`cat ${tombmount}/.uid`"
            tombuser=`awk -F: '/:'"$tombuid"':/ {print $1}' /etc/passwd`
        }

    if option_is_set --get-mountpoint; then
        echo $tombmount
        continue
    fi
        # breaking up such strings is good for translation
        print -n "$fg[green]$tombname"
        print -n "$fg[white] open on "
        print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombmount"
        print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] using "
        print "$fg_bold[white]$tombfs $tombfsopts"

        print -n "$fg_no_bold[green]$tombname"
        print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] open since "
        print "$fg_bold[white]$tombsince$fg_no_bold[white]"

        { test "$tombtty" = "" } || {
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[green]$tombname"
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] open by "
            print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombuser"
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] from "
            print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombtty"
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] on "
            print "$fg_bold[white]$tombhost"
        }

        print -n "$fg_no_bold[green]$tombname"
        print -n "$fg[white] size "
        print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombtot"
        print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] of which "
        print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombused"
        print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] used: "
        print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombavail"
        print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] free ("
        print -n "$fg_bold[white]$tombpercent"
        print "$fg_no_bold[white] full)"

        if [[ ${tombp} -ge 90 ]]; then
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[green]$tombname"
            print "$fg_bold[red] Your tomb is almost full!"
        fi

        # now check hooks
        mounted_hooks=(`list_tomb_binds $tombname`)
        for h in ${mounted_hooks}; do
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[green]$tombname"
            print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] hooks "
#       print -n "$fg_bold[white]`basename ${h[(ws:;:)1]}`"
#       print -n "$fg_no_bold[white] on "
            print "$fg_bold[white]${h[(ws:;:)2]}$fg_no_bold[white]"
        done
    done
}


# print out an array of mounted tombs (internal use)
# format is semi-colon separated list of attributes
# if 1st arg is supplied, then list only that tomb
#
# String positions in the semicolon separated array:
#
# 1. full mapper path
#
# 2. mountpoint
#
# 3. filesystem type
#
# 4. mount options
#
# 5. tomb name
list_tomb_mounts() {
    if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        # list all open tombs
        mount -l \
            | awk '
BEGIN { main="" }
/^\/dev\/mapper\/tomb/ {
  if(main==$1) next;
  print $1 ";" $3 ";" $5 ";" $6 ";" $7
  main=$1
}
'
    else
        # list a specific tomb
        mount -l \
                | awk -vtomb="[$1]" '
BEGIN { main="" }
/^\/dev\/mapper\/tomb/ {
  if($7!=tomb) next;
  if(main==$1) next;
  print $1 ";" $3 ";" $5 ";" $6 ";" $7
  main=$1
}
'
    fi
}

# list_tomb_binds
# print out an array of mounted bind hooks (internal use)
# format is semi-colon separated list of attributes
# needs an argument: name of tomb whose hooks belong
list_tomb_binds() {
    if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
        _failure "Internal error: list_tomb_binds called without argument."; fi

    # list bind hooks on util-linux 2.20 (Debian 7)
    mount -l \
        | awk -vtomb="$1" '
BEGIN { main="" }
/^\/dev\/mapper\/tomb/ {
  if($7!=tomb) next;
  if(main=="") { main=$1; next; }
  if(main==$1)
    print $1 ";" $3 ";" $5 ";" $6 ";" $7
}
'

    # list bind hooks on util-linux 2.17 (Debian 6)
    tombmount=`mount -l \
      | awk -vtomb="$1" '
/^\/dev\/mapper\/tomb/ { if($7!=tomb) next; print $3; exit; }'`

    mount -l | grep "^$tombmount" \
        | awk -vtomb="$1" '
        /bind/ { print $1 ";" $3 ";" $5 ";" $6 ";" $7 }'
}

# }}} - Tomb list

# {{{ Index and search

# index files in all tombs for search
# $1 is optional, to specify a tomb
index_tombs() {
    { command -v updatedb >& - } || {
        _failure "Cannot index tombs on this system: updatedb (mlocate) not installed." }

    updatedbver=`updatedb --version | grep '^updatedb'`
    [[ "$updatedbver" =~ "GNU findutils" ]] && {
        _warning "Cannot use GNU findutils for index/search commands." }
    [[ "$updatedbver" =~ "mlocate" ]] || {
        _failure "Index command needs 'mlocate' to be installed." }

    _verbose "$updatedbver"

    mounted_tombs=(`list_tomb_mounts $1`)
    { test ${#mounted_tombs} = 0 } && {
        if [ $1 ]; then _failure "There seems to be no open tomb engraved as [::1::]" $1
        else _failure "I can't see any open tomb, may they all rest in peace."
        fi
    }


    _success "Creating and updating search indexes."

    # start the LibreOffice document converter if installed
    { command -v unoconv >& - } && {
        unoconv -l 2>/dev/null &
        _verbose "unoconv listener launched."
        sleep 1 }

    for t in ${mounted_tombs}; do
        mapper=`basename ${t[(ws:;:)1]}`
        tombname=${t[(ws:;:)5]}
        tombmount=${t[(ws:;:)2]}
        { test -r ${tombmount}/.noindex } && {
            _message "Skipping ::1 tomb name:: (.noindex found)." $tombname
            continue }
        _message "Indexing ::1 tomb name:: filenames..." $tombname
        updatedb -l 0 -o ${tombmount}/.updatedb -U ${tombmount}

        # here we use swish to index file contents
        { test $SWISH = 1 } && {
            _message "Indexing ::1 tomb name:: contents..." $tombname
            tmp_create
            swishrc=`tmp_new`

            cat <<EOF > $swishrc
# index directives
DefaultContents TXT*
IndexDir $tombmount
IndexFile $tombmount/.swish
# exclude images
FileRules filename regex /\.jp.?g/i
FileRules filename regex /\.png/i
FileRules filename regex /\.gif/i
FileRules filename regex /\.tiff/i
FileRules filename regex /\.svg/i
FileRules filename regex /\.xcf/i
FileRules filename regex /\.eps/i
FileRules filename regex /\.ttf/i
# exclude audio
FileRules filename regex /\.mp3/i
FileRules filename regex /\.ogg/i
FileRules filename regex /\.wav/i
FileRules filename regex /\.mod/i
FileRules filename regex /\.xm/i
# exclude video
FileRules filename regex /\.mp4/i
FileRules filename regex /\.avi/i
FileRules filename regex /\.ogv/i
FileRules filename regex /\.ogm/i
FileRules filename regex /\.mkv/i
FileRules filename regex /\.mov/i
# exclude system
FileRules filename is ok
FileRules filename is lock
FileRules filename is control
FileRules filename is status
FileRules filename is proc
FileRules filename is sys
FileRules filename is supervise
FileRules filename regex /\.asc$/i
FileRules filename regex /\.gpg$/i

# pdf and postscript
FileFilter .pdf pdftotext "'%p' -"
FileFilter .ps  ps2txt "'%p' -"
# compressed files
FileFilterMatch lesspipe "%p" /\.tgz$/i
FileFilterMatch lesspipe "%p" /\.zip$/i
FileFilterMatch lesspipe "%p" /\.gz$/i
FileFilterMatch lesspipe "%p" /\.bz2$/i
FileFilterMatch lesspipe "%p" /\.Z$/
# spreadsheets
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P" /\.xls.*/i
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P" /\.xlt.*/i
FileFilter .ods unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
FileFilter .ots unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
FileFilter .dbf unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
FileFilter .dif unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
FileFilter .uos unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
FileFilter .sxc unoconv "-d spreadsheet -f csv --stdout %P"
# word documents
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d document -f txt --stdout %P" /\.doc.*/i
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d document -f txt --stdout %P" /\.odt.*/i
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d document -f txt --stdout %P" /\.rtf.*/i
FileFilterMatch unoconv "-d document -f txt --stdout %P" /\.tex$/i
# native html support
IndexContents HTML* .htm .html .shtml
IndexContents XML*  .xml
EOF

            _verbose "Using swish-e to create index."
            swish-e -c $swishrc -S fs -v3
            rm -f $swishrc
        }

        _message "Search index updated."
    done
}
search_tombs() {
    { command -v locate >& - } || {
        _failure "Cannot index tombs on this system: updatedb (mlocate) not installed." }

    updatedbver=`updatedb --version | grep '^updatedb'`
    [[ "$updatedbver" =~ "GNU findutils" ]] && {
        _warning "Cannot use GNU findutils for index/search commands." }
    [[ "$updatedbver" =~ "mlocate" ]] || {
        _failure "Index command needs 'mlocate' to be installed." }

    _verbose "$updatedbver"

    # list all open tombs
    mounted_tombs=(`list_tomb_mounts`)
    if [ ${#mounted_tombs} = 0 ]; then
        _failure "I can't see any open tomb, may they all rest in peace."; fi

    _success "Searching for: ::1::" ${(f)@}
    for t in ${mounted_tombs}; do
        _verbose "Checking for index: ::1::" ${t}
        mapper=`basename ${t[(ws:;:)1]}`
        tombname=${t[(ws:;:)5]}
        tombmount=${t[(ws:;:)2]}
        if [ -r ${tombmount}/.updatedb ]; then

        # use mlocate to search hits on filenames
        _message "Searching filenames in tomb ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
        locate -d ${tombmount}/.updatedb -e -i "${(f)@}"
        _message "Matches found: ::1 matches::" $(locate -d ${tombmount}/.updatedb -e -i -c ${(f)@})

        # use swish-e to search over contents
        { test $SWISH = 1 } && { test -r $tombmount/.swish } && {
            _message "Searching contents in tomb ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
            swish-e -w ${=@} -f $tombmount/.swish -H0 }

        else
            _warning "Skipping tomb ::1 tomb name::: not indexed." $tombname
            _warning "Run 'tomb index' to create indexes."
        fi
    done
    _message "Search completed."
}

# }}} - Index and search

# {{{ Resize

# resize tomb file size
resize_tomb() {
    _message "Commanded to resize tomb ::1 tomb name:: to ::2 size:: megabytes." $1 $opts[-s]
    if ! [ $1 ]; then
        _failure "No tomb name specified for resizing."
    elif ! [ -r "$1" ]; then
        _failure "Cannot find ::1::" $1
    fi
    # $1 is the tomb file path

    newtombsize="`option_value -s`"
    { test "$newtombsize" = "" } && {
        _failure "Aborting operations: new size was not specified, use -s" }


    tombdir=`dirname $1`
    tombfile=`basename $1`
    tombname=${tombfile%%\.*}

    # load key from options or file
    load_key
    ########

    local oldtombsize=$(( `stat -c %s "$1" 2>/dev/null` / 1048576 ))
    local mounted_tomb=`mount -l |
        awk -vtomb="[$tombname]" '/^\/dev\/mapper\/tomb/ { if($7==tomb) print $1 }'`

    if [ "$mounted_tomb" ]; then
        _failure "The tomb ::1 tomb name:: is open, to resize it it needs to be closed." $tombname
    fi

    if ! [ "$newtombsize" ] ; then
        _failure "You must specify the new size of ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
    elif [[ $newtombsize != <-> ]]; then
        _failure "Size is not an integer."
    elif [ "$newtombsize" -le "$oldtombsize" ]; then
        _failure "The new size must be greater then old tomb size."
    fi

    delta="$(( $newtombsize - $oldtombsize ))"

    _message "Generating ::1 tomb file:: of ::2 size::MiB" $tombfile $newtombsize

    _verbose "Data dump using ::1:: from /dev/urandom" ${DD[1]}
    ${=DD} if=/dev/urandom bs=1048576 count=${delta} >> ${tombdir}/${tombfile}

    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "Error creating the extra resize ::1 size::, operation aborted." $tmp_resize }

    if option_is_set --tomb-pwd; then
        tomb_pwd="`option_value --tomb-pwd`"
        _verbose "tomb-pwd = ::1 tomb pass::" $tomb_pwd
        ask_key_password "$tomb_pwd"
    else
        ask_key_password
    fi
    { test $? = 0 } || {
        _failure "No valid password supplied." }

    lo_mount "${tombdir}/${tombfile}"
    nstloop=`lo_new`

    mapdate=`date +%s`
    mapper="tomb.${tombname}.${mapdate}.`basename $nstloop`"

    print -n - "$tomb_secret" | \
        cryptsetup --key-file - luksOpen ${nstloop} ${mapper}

    if ! [ -r /dev/mapper/${mapper} ]; then
        _failure "Failure mounting the encrypted file."
    fi

    cryptsetup resize "${mapper}"
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        _failure "cryptsetup failed to resize ::1 mapper::" $mapper
    fi

    e2fsck -p -f /dev/mapper/${mapper}
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        _failure "e2fsck failed to check ::1 mapper::" $mapper
    fi

    resize2fs /dev/mapper/${mapper}
    if [ $? != 0 ]; then
        _failure "resize2fs failed to resize ::1 mapper::" $mapper
    fi

    sleep 1 # needs to settle a bit

    # close and free the loop device
    cryptsetup luksClose "${mapper}"

    return 0
}

# }}}

# {{{ Close

umount_tomb() {
    local tombs how_many_tombs
    local pathmap mapper tombname tombmount loopdev
    local ans pidk pname

    if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then
        mounted_tombs=(`list_tomb_mounts`)
    else
        mounted_tombs=(`list_tomb_mounts $1`)
    fi

    { test ${#mounted_tombs} = 0 } && {
            _warning "There is no open tomb to be closed."
            return 1 }

    { test ${#mounted_tombs} -gt 1 } && { test "$1" = "" } && {
            _warning "Too many tombs mounted, please specify one (see tomb list)"
            _warning "or issue the command 'tomb close all' to close them all."
            return 1 }

    _message "Tomb close ::1::" $1

    for t in ${mounted_tombs}; do
        mapper=`basename ${t[(ws:;:)1]}`
        tombname=${t[(ws:;:)5]}
        tombmount=${t[(ws:;:)2]}
        tombfs=${t[(ws:;:)3]}
        tombfsopts=${t[(ws:;:)4]}
        tombloop=${mapper[(ws:.:)4]}

        _verbose "Name: ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
        _verbose "Mount: ::1 mount point::" $tombmount
        _verbose "Mapper: ::1 mapper::" $mapper

        { test -e "$mapper" } && {
            _warning "Tomb not found: ::1 tomb file::" $1
            _warning "Please specify an existing tomb."
            return 0 }

        if [ $SLAM ]; then
            _success "Slamming tomb ::1 tomb name:: mounted on ::2 mount point::" $tombname $tombmount
            _message "Kill all processes busy inside the tomb."
            if ! slam_tomb "$tombmount"; then
                _warning "Cannot slam the tomb ::1 tomb name::" $tombname
                return 1
            fi
        else
            _message "Closing tomb ::1 tomb name:: mounted on ::2 mount point::" $tombname $tombmount
        fi

    # check if there are binded dirs and close them
        bind_tombs=(`list_tomb_binds $tombname`)
        for b in ${bind_tombs}; do
            bind_mapper="${b[(ws:;:)1]}"
            bind_mount="${b[(ws:;:)2]}"
            _message "Closing tomb bind hook: ::1 hook::" $bind_mount
            umount $bind_mount
            if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
                if [ $SLAM ]; then
                    _success "Slamming tomb: killing all processes using this hook."
                    slam_tomb "$bind_mount"
                    if [[ $? == 1 ]]; then
                        _warning "Cannot slam the bind hook ::1 hook::" $bind_mount
                        return 1
                    fi
                    umount $bind_mount
                else
                    _warning "Tomb bind hook ::1 hook:: is busy, cannot close tomb." $bind_mount
                fi
            fi
        done

    # Execute post-hooks for eventual cleanup
        if ! option_is_set -n ; then
            exec_safe_post_hooks ${tombmount%%/} close
        fi

        _verbose "Performing umount of ::1 mount point::" $tombmount
        umount ${tombmount}
        if ! [ $? = 0 ]; then _warning "Tomb is busy, cannot umount!"
        else
        # this means we used a "default" mount point
            { test "${tombmount}" = "/media/${tombname}.tomb" } && {
                rmdir ${tombmount} }
        fi

        cryptsetup luksClose $mapper
        { test $? = 0 } || {
            _warning "Error occurred in cryptsetup luksClose ::1 mapper::" $mapper
            return 1 }

        losetup -d "/dev/$tombloop"

        _success "Tomb ::1 tomb name:: closed: your bones will rest in peace." $tombname

    done # loop across mounted tombs

    return 0
}

# Kill all processes using the tomb
slam_tomb() {
    # $1 = tomb mount point
    if [[ -z `fuser -m "$1" 2>/dev/null` ]]; then
        return 0
    fi
    #Note: shells are NOT killed by INT or TERM, but they are killed by HUP
    for s in TERM HUP KILL; do
        _verbose "Sending ::1:: to processes inside the tomb:" $s
        if option_is_set -D; then
            ps -fp `fuser -m /media/a.tomb 2>/dev/null`|
            while read line; do
                _verbose $line
            done
        fi
        fuser -s -m "$1" -k -M -$s
        if [[ -z `fuser -m "$1" 2>/dev/null` ]]; then
            return 0
        fi
        if ! option_is_set -f; then
            sleep 3
        fi
    done
    return 1
}

# }}} - Tomb close

# {{{ Main routine
main() {

    local -A subcommands_opts
    ### Options configuration
    #
    # Hi, dear developer!  Are you trying to add a new subcommand, or
    # to add some options?  Well, keep in mind that option names are
    # global: they cannot bear a different meaning or behaviour across
    # subcommands.
    #
    # For example, "-s" means "size" and accepts one argument. If you
    # are tempted to add an alternate option "-s" (e.g., to mean
    # "silent", and that doesn't accept any argument) DON'T DO IT!
    #
    # There are two reasons for that:
    #    I. Usability; users expect that "-s" is "size"
    #   II. Option parsing WILL EXPLODE if you do this kind of bad
    #       things (it will complain: "option defined more than once")
    #
    # If you want to use the same option in multiple commands then you
    # can only use the non-abbreviated long-option version like:
    # -force and NOT -f
    #
    main_opts=(q -quiet=q D -debug=D h -help=h v -version=v U: -uid=U G: -gid=G T: -tty=T -no-color -unsecure-dev-mode)
    subcommands_opts[__default]=""
    subcommands_opts[open]="f -force n -nohook=n k: -key=k -kdf: o: -ignore-swap -sudo-pwd: -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[mount]=${subcommands_opts[open]}

    subcommands_opts[create]="" # deprecated, will issue warning

    subcommands_opts[forge]="f -force -ignore-swap k: -key=k -kdf: o: -tomb-pwd: -use-urandom "
    subcommands_opts[dig]="f -force -ignore-swap s: -size=s "
    subcommands_opts[lock]="f -force -ignore-swap k: -key=k -kdf: o: -sudo-pwd: -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[setkey]="k: -key=k f -force -ignore-swap -kdf: -sudo-pwd: -tomb-old-pwd: -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[engrave]="k: -key=k "

    subcommands_opts[passwd]="k: -key=k f -force -ignore-swap -kdf: -tomb-old-pwd: -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[close]="-sudo-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[help]=""
    subcommands_opts[slam]=""
    subcommands_opts[list]="-get-mountpoint "

    subcommands_opts[index]=""
    subcommands_opts[search]=""

    subcommands_opts[help]=""
    subcommands_opts[bury]="f -force k: -key=k -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[exhume]="f -force k: -key=k -tomb-pwd: "
    # subcommands_opts[decompose]=""
    # subcommands_opts[recompose]=""
    # subcommands_opts[install]=""
    subcommands_opts[askpass]=""
    subcommands_opts[source]=""
    subcommands_opts[resize]="f -force -ignore-swap s: -size=s k: -key=k -tomb-pwd: "
    subcommands_opts[check]="-ignore-swap "
#    subcommands_opts[translate]=""

    ### Detect subcommand
    local -aU every_opts #every_opts behave like a set; that is, an array with unique elements
    for optspec in $subcommands_opts$main_opts; do
        for opt in ${=optspec}; do
            every_opts+=${opt}
        done
    done
    local -a oldstar
    oldstar=($argv)
        #### detect early: useful for --optiion-parsing
    zparseopts -M -D -Adiscardme ${every_opts}
        if [[ -n ${(k)discardme[--option-parsing]} ]]; then
                echo $1
                if [[ -n "$1" ]]; then
                        return 1
                fi
                return 0
        fi
        unset discardme
    if ! zparseopts -M -E -D -Adiscardme ${every_opts}; then
                _failure "Error parsing."
                return 127
        fi
    unset discardme
    subcommand=$1
    if [[ -z $subcommand ]]; then
        subcommand="__default"
    fi

    if [[ -z ${(k)subcommands_opts[$subcommand]} ]]; then
        _warning "There's no such command \"::1 subcommand::\"." $subcommand
        exitv=127 _failure "Please try -h for help."
    fi
    argv=(${oldstar})
    unset oldstar

    ### Parsing global + command-specific options
    # zsh magic: ${=string} will split to multiple arguments when spaces occur
    set -A cmd_opts ${main_opts} ${=subcommands_opts[$subcommand]}
    # if there is no option, we don't need parsing
    if [[ -n $cmd_opts ]]; then
        zparseopts -M -E -D -Aopts ${cmd_opts}
        if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
            _warning "Some error occurred during option processing."
            exitv=127 _failure "See \"tomb help\" for more info."
        fi
    fi
    #build PARAM (array of arguments) and check if there are unrecognized options
    ok=0
    PARAM=()
    for arg in $*; do
        if [[ $arg == '--' || $arg == '-' ]]; then
            ok=1
            continue #it shouldnt be appended to PARAM
        elif [[ $arg[1] == '-'  ]]; then
            if [[ $ok == 0 ]]; then
                exitv=127 _failure "Unrecognized option ::1 arg:: for subcommand ::2 subcommand::" $arg $subcommand
            fi
        fi
        PARAM+=$arg
    done
    #first parameter actually is the subcommand: delete it and shift
    if [[ $subcommand != '__default' ]]; then
        PARAM[1]=()
        shift
    fi
    ### End parsing command-specific options
    if ! option_is_set --no-color; then
        autoload colors; colors
    fi
    if ! option_is_set --unsecure-dev-mode; then
        for opt in --sudo-pwd --tomb-pwd --use-urandom --tomb-old-pwd; do
            if option_is_set $opt; then
                exitv=127 _failure "You specified option ::1 option::, which is DANGEROUS and should only be used for testing\nIf you really want so, add --unsecure-dev-mode" $opt
            fi
        done
    fi

    # when we run as root, we remember the original uid:gid
    # to set permissions for the calling user and drop privileges
    if option_is_set -U; then _uid="`option_value -U`"; fi
    if option_is_set -G; then _gid="`option_value -G`"; fi
    if option_is_set -T; then _tty="`option_value -T`"; fi

    [[ "$PARAM" == "" ]] && {
        _verbose "Tomb command: ::1 subcommand::" $subcommand
    } || {
        _verbose "Tomb command: ::1 subcommand:: ::2 param::" $subcommand $PARAM
    }

    [[ "$_uid" == "" ]] || {
        _verbose "Caller: uid[::1 uid::], gid[::2 gid::], tty[::3 tty::]." $_uid $_gid $_tty
    }

    case "$subcommand" in

        # new creation in three steps
        forge)
            check_priv
            forge_key ${=PARAM}
            ;;
        dig)
            dig_tomb ${=PARAM}
            ;;
        lock)
            check_priv
            lock_tomb_with_key ${=PARAM}
            ;;

        setkey)
            check_priv
            change_tomb_key ${=PARAM}
            ;;

        engrave)
            { test "$QRENCODE" = 0 } && {
                _failure "QREncode not installed: cannot engrave keys on paper." }
            engrave_key ${=PARAM}
            ;;

        # backward compat
        create)
            _warning "The create command is deprecated, please use dig, forge and lock instead."
            _warning "For more informations see Tomb's manual page (man tomb)."
            ;;

        mount|open)
            check_priv
            mount_tomb $PARAM[1] $PARAM[2]
            ;;
        umount|close|slam)
            check_priv
            [ "$subcommand" =  "slam" ] && SLAM=1
            umount_tomb $PARAM[1]
            ;;
        passwd)
            change_passwd $PARAM[1]
            ;;
        list)
            list_tombs $PARAM[1]
            ;;

        index)
            index_tombs $PARAM[1]
            ;;
        search)
            search_tombs ${=PARAM}
            ;;

        help)
            usage
            ;;
        bury)
            { test "$STEGHIDE" = 0 } && {
                _failure "Steghide not installed: cannot bury keys into images." }
            bury_key $PARAM[1]
            ;;
        exhume)
            { test "$STEGHIDE" = 0 } && {
                _failure "Steghide not installed: cannot exhume keys from images." }
            exhume_key $PARAM[1]
            ;;
        resize)
            { test "$RESIZER" = 0 } && {
                _failure "Resize2fs not installed: cannot resize tombs." }
            check_priv
            resize_tomb $PARAM[1]
            ;;

        # internal commands useful to developers
        'source')   return 0 ;;
        askpass)    ask_password $PARAM[1] $PARAM[2] ;;

        __default)
_print "Tomb ::1 version:: - a strong and gentle undertaker for your secrets" $VERSION
_print "\000"
_print " Copyright (C) 2007-2014 Dyne.org Foundation, License GNU GPL v3+"
_print " This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it"
_print " The latest Tomb sourcecode is published on <http://tomb.dyne.org>"
_print "\000"
            option_is_set -v && {
_print " This source code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,"
_print " but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of"
_print " MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."
_print " Please refer to the GNU Public License for more details."
_print "\000"
_print "System utils:"
_print "\000"
cat <<EOF
 `sudo -V | head -n1`
 `cryptsetup --version`
 `pinentry --version`
 `gpg --version | head -n1` - key forging algorithms (GnuPG symmetric ciphers):
`list_gnupg_ciphers`
EOF
                return 0
            }
            usage
            ;;
        *)
            _warning "Command \"::1 subcommand::\" not recognized." $subcommand
            _message "Try -h for help."
            return 1
            ;;
    esac
    return $?
}

# }}}

# {{{ Run
check_bin

check_shm

main $@
ret=$?
if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then #this "if" seems useless, but avoid source tomb source from exiting
    exit $ret
fi
# }}}

# -*- tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode:nil; -*-
# vim: set shiftwidth=4 expandtab: